多媒体信号可伸缩编码传输方法研究
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摘要
可伸缩图像和视频编码通过一次编码,可以得到不同编码码率的码流,对不同信道带宽具有良好的适应性,并且能够同时满足不同用户设备对显示质量、分辨率和帧率的不同需求,被认为是现代多媒体通信系统中非常具有应用前景的一项技术。但可伸缩码流对信道差错非常敏感,码流中部分数据错误或者丢失会严重影响后续码流的解码。因此,提高可伸缩码流对差错信道的鲁棒性逐渐成为近年来的一个研究热点。
本文在深入分析国内外研究工作的基础上,针对可伸缩码流在差错信道中的传输问题展开研究,提出三种联合信源信道编码(Joint Source and Channel Coding,JSCC)传输方案。本文主要创新工作如下：
(1)针对基于小波变换的可伸缩图像编码在丢包信道中的传输问题,提出一种信源编码容错技术与信道编码相结合的JSCC传输方法。该方法采用分层多描述编码将信源编码成多个独立可解码的可伸缩子码流以提高信源编码的容错性能,在子码流之间进行RS编码以进一步提高其抗丢包性能。通过设计排序方法对信源和信道编码符号进行重新排列,将每个子码流打包到单独的信道传输包中以保持其独立性,解码端采用相同的排序方法来恢复信源和信道编码符号的排列信息。仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,本文方法受子码流平衡性影响较小,提高了传输图像的质量,降低了额外传输开销。
(2)针对丢包信道中基于喷泉码的可伸缩视频码流传输方法展开研究,提出一种基于规则变量节点度喷泉码的不等错保护JSCC传输方法。首次,设计了一种新的规则变量节点度喷泉码编码方法,降低了现有方案的编码复杂度；并通过对度分布的修正来改善解码瀑布区域,降低了成功解码所需的传输开销。然后,在此基础上提出了一种基于规则变量节点度喷泉码的不等错保护编码方法。最后,将提出的不等错保护方法应用在H.264/SVC可伸缩码流单播和广播传输中。仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,本文不等错保护方法提高了系统系能,同时降低了编码复杂度。
(3)针对可伸缩视频编码在无线广播信道中的传输问题,提出一种跨层设计的JSCC多播传输方法。该方法将分层视频编码和自适应调制编码相结合,考虑了视频分层结构对系统性能的影响。首先,在多播组内及组间进行最优资源分配来最大化系统总效用；然后,根据资源分配结果对视频编码分层结构进行调整,使得视频编码分层结构与用户信道条件、系统资源及对应的调制编码方式相匹配。仿真结果表明,该方法充分利用了无线资源,提高了系统性能。
Scalable image and video coding is an attractive and promising technique in modern multimedia communication system, it can accommodate to different bandwidth and diversity of devices presenting different needs in terms of quality, resolution and frame rate. But, scalable bitstream is very sensitive to channel error because that the data error or loss in the scalable stream will impact the decoding of the subsequent stream seriously. Therefor, the improvement of the robustness of scalable encoded stream in error-prone channel becomes a research focus.
Based on the study on present foreign and domestic research, this dissertation focuses on the research for transmission of scalable image and video stream over error channel. The main contributions of this dissertation include the three parts as followed:
(1) A JSCC scheme is proposed for transmission of wavelet-based scalable image stream over packet erasure channel. Layered Multiple Description Coding (LMDC) is adopted to encode the image into several independent sub-streams to improve error resilience, and RS Code is adopted to combat the packet erasure. By reordering the source coding symbols and RS coding symbols through the designed sort method, separate stream is placing into separate channel packet to maintain independence. The decoder adopts the same sorting algorithm as encoder to obtain the sorting information of souce and channel coding symbols. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is lees affected by balance of substreams and improves the received image quality with less overhead.
(2) A JSCC scheme based on Unequal Error Protection (UEP) Fountain Code is proposed for transmission of scalable video stream over packet erasure channel. Firstly, a novel encoding scheme for regular variable-node degree LT Codes is proposed. Comapred with the existing scheme, the proposed scheme reduces the complexity; meanwhile, the waterfall area (avalanche area) in decoding is improved by modifying the degree distribution. Secondly, on this basis, one UEP scheme is proposed. Finally, the proposed UEP methods are used to protect transmission of H.264/SVC scalable video stream in unicast and multicast channel. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve system performance, and reduce the encoding complexity.
(3) A cross layer JSCC multicast scheme is proposed for transmission of scalable video stream over wireless broadcast channel. Layered video coding and Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) are combined and the impact of layered structure to system performance is considered in this scheme. Firstly, the system utility is maximized by allocating different resources inter-and intra-multicast groups optimally. Then, the layered video coding structure is modified according to resource allocation, so that the layered structure is compatible with available system resources and the channel conditions of different users. Simulation results show that this scheme takes full advantage of radio resources, and improves the system performance.
本文在深入分析国内外研究工作的基础上,针对可伸缩码流在差错信道中的传输问题展开研究,提出三种联合信源信道编码(Joint Source and Channel Coding,JSCC)传输方案。本文主要创新工作如下：
(1)针对基于小波变换的可伸缩图像编码在丢包信道中的传输问题,提出一种信源编码容错技术与信道编码相结合的JSCC传输方法。该方法采用分层多描述编码将信源编码成多个独立可解码的可伸缩子码流以提高信源编码的容错性能,在子码流之间进行RS编码以进一步提高其抗丢包性能。通过设计排序方法对信源和信道编码符号进行重新排列,将每个子码流打包到单独的信道传输包中以保持其独立性,解码端采用相同的排序方法来恢复信源和信道编码符号的排列信息。仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,本文方法受子码流平衡性影响较小,提高了传输图像的质量,降低了额外传输开销。
(2)针对丢包信道中基于喷泉码的可伸缩视频码流传输方法展开研究,提出一种基于规则变量节点度喷泉码的不等错保护JSCC传输方法。首次,设计了一种新的规则变量节点度喷泉码编码方法,降低了现有方案的编码复杂度；并通过对度分布的修正来改善解码瀑布区域,降低了成功解码所需的传输开销。然后,在此基础上提出了一种基于规则变量节点度喷泉码的不等错保护编码方法。最后,将提出的不等错保护方法应用在H.264/SVC可伸缩码流单播和广播传输中。仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,本文不等错保护方法提高了系统系能,同时降低了编码复杂度。
(3)针对可伸缩视频编码在无线广播信道中的传输问题,提出一种跨层设计的JSCC多播传输方法。该方法将分层视频编码和自适应调制编码相结合,考虑了视频分层结构对系统性能的影响。首先,在多播组内及组间进行最优资源分配来最大化系统总效用；然后,根据资源分配结果对视频编码分层结构进行调整,使得视频编码分层结构与用户信道条件、系统资源及对应的调制编码方式相匹配。仿真结果表明,该方法充分利用了无线资源,提高了系统性能。
Scalable image and video coding is an attractive and promising technique in modern multimedia communication system, it can accommodate to different bandwidth and diversity of devices presenting different needs in terms of quality, resolution and frame rate. But, scalable bitstream is very sensitive to channel error because that the data error or loss in the scalable stream will impact the decoding of the subsequent stream seriously. Therefor, the improvement of the robustness of scalable encoded stream in error-prone channel becomes a research focus.
Based on the study on present foreign and domestic research, this dissertation focuses on the research for transmission of scalable image and video stream over error channel. The main contributions of this dissertation include the three parts as followed:
(1) A JSCC scheme is proposed for transmission of wavelet-based scalable image stream over packet erasure channel. Layered Multiple Description Coding (LMDC) is adopted to encode the image into several independent sub-streams to improve error resilience, and RS Code is adopted to combat the packet erasure. By reordering the source coding symbols and RS coding symbols through the designed sort method, separate stream is placing into separate channel packet to maintain independence. The decoder adopts the same sorting algorithm as encoder to obtain the sorting information of souce and channel coding symbols. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is lees affected by balance of substreams and improves the received image quality with less overhead.
(2) A JSCC scheme based on Unequal Error Protection (UEP) Fountain Code is proposed for transmission of scalable video stream over packet erasure channel. Firstly, a novel encoding scheme for regular variable-node degree LT Codes is proposed. Comapred with the existing scheme, the proposed scheme reduces the complexity; meanwhile, the waterfall area (avalanche area) in decoding is improved by modifying the degree distribution. Secondly, on this basis, one UEP scheme is proposed. Finally, the proposed UEP methods are used to protect transmission of H.264/SVC scalable video stream in unicast and multicast channel. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve system performance, and reduce the encoding complexity.
(3) A cross layer JSCC multicast scheme is proposed for transmission of scalable video stream over wireless broadcast channel. Layered video coding and Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) are combined and the impact of layered structure to system performance is considered in this scheme. Firstly, the system utility is maximized by allocating different resources inter-and intra-multicast groups optimally. Then, the layered video coding structure is modified according to resource allocation, so that the layered structure is compatible with available system resources and the channel conditions of different users. Simulation results show that this scheme takes full advantage of radio resources, and improves the system performance.
引文
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