百日草细胞核雄性不育两用系差异表达基因的研究
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摘要
百日草(Zinnia elegans Jacq.)是菊科百日草属一年生草本花卉,在我国广泛栽培,主要用作花坛、花丛及花境。百日草在繁育过程中,由于其隐性细胞核雄性不育具有败育彻底、不育性稳定和无不良胞质效应等优点,在生产F1种子中广泛应用。然而,到目前为止,对这一材料的育性控制机制了解甚少。为了更好地利用隐性核不育材料,很有必要对其进行深入的研究。
本研究以百日草雄性不育两用系MS5001AB为实验材料,运用抑制消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization, SSH)构建了两个cDNA文库以分离可育株和不育株间差异表达基因,同时对得到的差异表达片段利用BLAST工具进行序列同源性分析,并参照MIPS站点的拟南芥数据库对有同源序列的片段进行分类。根据部分差异表达基因的半定量RT-PCR表达结果,从中选出两个与花发育相关EST,利用RACE技术获得了两个基因的cDNA和基因组全长,并且对其序列进行了分析。最后构建其中一基因的正、反义表达载体,并转化烟草,对其进行初步的功能验证。本研究获得的结果和主要结论如下：
(1)百日草筒状花抑制消减cDNA文库的构建。以百日草雄性可育和不育败育关键时期的筒状花为研究材料,采用SSH技术成功构建了两个抑制消减cDNA文库,共得到1536个克隆；持家基因β-tubulin为指标检测文库的消减效率,两个文库的消减效率均为25倍。利用斑点杂交技术对文库中的所有1536个克隆进行筛选,得到525个阳性克隆。序列分析显示,可育库和不育库cDNA平均长度分别为407bp和386bp；两个文库中共分离到167个非重复的表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags, ESTs),其中70个基因在雄性可育株中呈上升表达,97个基因在雄性不育中呈上升表达。利用BLAST工具对其进行序列同源性分析,可育库中发现一些与绒毡层和小孢子发育相关的基因,不育文库中发现一些与花发育和细胞程序性死亡相关的基因。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,6个基因可能参与雄性育性形成,可育库中的两个基因仅在可育株花蕾中表达。参照MIPS站点的拟南芥数据库,可育库中有同源序列的59个EST可分成10个类别,最大三类依次为碳水化合物代谢(36%)、未分类蛋白(17%)和次级代谢类(14%)；不育库中有同源序列的81个EST分为14个类别,最大三类依次为未分类蛋白(27%)、碳水化合物代谢(18%)和细胞组分的合成类(16%)。这些差异表达基因的获得将为以后克隆花药发育相关基因以及了解百日草核雄性不育分子机理提供重要线索。
(2)两个百日草花发育差异表达基因的克隆与序列分析。以可育库中的两个EST为线索,利用RACE技术,从百日草中克隆出ZeMYB35和ZeSTR两个基因的完整序列,并利用生物学软件对序列进行分析。ZeMYB35基因的cDNA序列全长为1143bp,ORF Finder预测其最大开放阅读框为885bp,编码294个氨基酸；Conserve domain程序搜索到ZeMYB35蛋白含有两个典型的Myb-like DNA-binding domain,一个位于第17-62氨基酸之间,另一个位于第70-113个氨基酸之间。核苷酸和氨基酸序列比对发现,ZeMYB35与多种植物的MYB基因同源,其中与拟南芥MYB35的同源性为76%,表明它是MYB基因家族的一个新成员,属于R2R3-MYB型。通过PCR方法获得该基因的基因组序列,长度为1264bp；利用DNAMAN软件将基因的gDNA序列与cDNA序列相比,显示该基因包括两个内含子和三个外显子。
ZeSTR基因的cDNA全长为1402bp,ORF Finder预测ZeSTR基因的最大开放读码框全长为1224bp,编码407个氨基酸；NCBI的Conserve domain程序预测该蛋白含有一个STR-Synth结构域,位于第197-284个氨基酸之间,该结构域是异胡豆苷合成酶的一个典型结构特征。NCBI Blastp比对结果表明,ZeSTR蛋白与多种植物STR蛋白同源,其中与拟南芥STR蛋白(AA042227.1)同源性最高,推测ZeSTR基因在百日草中编码异胡豆苷合成酶。通过PCR方法获得了该基因的基因组序列,长度为2214bp; DNAMAN软件比对基因的cDNA和gDNA序列,显示该基因包括四个外显子和三个内含子。另外,cDNA和gDNA序列编码区有四处碱基替换,可能由RNA编辑造成。研究结果将为进一步研究该基因的结构和功能奠定基础。
(3)百日草ZeMYB35基因转化烟草的研究。通过酶切、连接等步骤,构建了ZeMYB35基因的正义、反义表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导转入烟草中。利用PCR方法对得到的转基因烟草进行了鉴定,电泳结果显示所有转基因植株均能扩增出目的条带。与对照烟草相比,转反义载体烟草中正常花粉生活力略有下降,转正义表达载体烟草长势较差。说明该基因可能与花粉发育相关。
Youth-and-old-age is an annual plant that belongs to genus Zinnia of Asteraceae family. It is widely cultivated in China, especially for flower beds, clusters and borders. Recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) is used to produce F1seeds because of various remarkable advantages, such as its stable and complete male sterility and no negative cytoplasmic effect on yield. However, we still have little knowledge about the mechanism of its fertility control. So it is necessary to do some researches about the mechanism of fertility control for better utilization of the RGMS.
In the present study, the fertile plants and sterile plants of a homozygous RGMS two-type line, MS5001AB, was used to construct two suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries, from which differentially expressed genes were isolated and sequenced. Homology searches of the isolated sequences were performed using the NCBI BLAST server. Moreover, the sequences that produce homologs by BLAST were classified by MIPS of A. thaliana Genome Database according to the biological processes they participated in. Based on semi-quantitative RT-PCR of some differentially expressed genes, we selected two ESTs to obtain their full-length cDNA and genomic sequence by RACE technology. The gene sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software. Finally, we constructed two plant expression vectors with sense and antisense ZeMYB35gene, which were introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Main results and conclusions are listed as follows:
(1) Construction of subtractive cDNA libraries. Two subtracted cDNA libraries between fertile and male sterile plants, which contain1536clones, are constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization approach from disk florets. The subtraction efficiency of25-fold was obtained in the two libraries using the housekeeping gene β-tubulin as the reference. Blot hybridization against the1536clones was carried out to screen differentially expressed genes.525positive clones were obtained for sequenceing. The average lengths of fragments from the fertile and male sterile libraries were407bp and386bp, respectively. Finally,167nonredundant ESTs were obtained, among which 70were up-regulated in fertile buds, and97were up-regulated in male sterile ones. Results of homology searches showed that some genes from the fertile library were related to tapetum and/or microspore development, and some genes from the male sterile library were related to floret development or PCD. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that2of6genes were expressed only in young disk florets of fertile plants compared with that of male sterile plants. The other4genes were expressed only in leaves of male sterile plants. Fifty-nine ESTs from the fertile library are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, phosphate metabolism, and secondary metabolites. Eighty-one ESTs from the male sterile library are involved in protein synthesis, processing and degradation. These EST sequences will supply the foundation for further cloning of genes related to anther development. Further analysis of these genes will provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying male sterile in Zinnia.
(2) Cloning and sequence analysis of two differentially expressed genes related to floral development from Zinnia. Full-length of ZeMYB35and ZeSTR were cloned and their sequences were analyzed. The cDNA sequence of ZeMYB35is1143bp in length, with open reading frame (ORF) of885bp encoding294amino acids predicted by ORF Finder. ZeMYB35protein contains two typical MYB-like DNA-binding domains by Conserve domain program analysis, one of which is located in17th-62th amino acids, and the other in70th-113th amino acids. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignment analysis showed that ZeMYB35was homologous to MYB genes from other plants, with the highest homology (76%) with AtMYB35, which indicates that it is a member of MYB family, and belongs to the R2R3-MYB type. Genomic sequence of the gene was obtained by PCR, which is1264bp in length, consisting of three exons and two introns.
The cDNA sequence of ZeSTR is1402bp, with ORF of1224bp, encoding407amino acids predicted by ORF Finder. The NCBI conserve domain program analysis found that the protein contains a STR-Synth structure domain, which is a typical structure feature of synthase, and is located in197th-284th amino acids. ZeSTR protein was homologous to various plant STR proteins, with the highest homology with Arabidopsis STR protein (AAO42227.1). The results showed that ZeSTR gene may code strictosidine synthase in Zinnia. Genomic sequences of the gene was obtained, with full-length of2 214bp, which contains four exons and three introns in the coding region. There are four replaced bases within the coding areas of ZeSTR cDNA and gDNA sequences, which may be caused by RNA editor. The results provide the foundation for further study of the structure and function of the gene.
(3) Transformation of tobacco by ZeMYB35gene. To investigate the function of ZeMYB35gene, we constructed two plant expression vectors with sense and antisense ZeMYB35gene driven by CAMV35S promoter, which were then introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Stable transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR analysis, which showed that the purpose gene has been integrated into the genome of all the plants investigated. Compared with the untransformed tobacco plants, the pollen viability was slightly decreased in antisense transgenic plants. The growth of sense ZeMYB35transgenic tobacco plants was inhibited slightly. The result showed ZeMYB35gene may be related to pollen development.
本研究以百日草雄性不育两用系MS5001AB为实验材料,运用抑制消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization, SSH)构建了两个cDNA文库以分离可育株和不育株间差异表达基因,同时对得到的差异表达片段利用BLAST工具进行序列同源性分析,并参照MIPS站点的拟南芥数据库对有同源序列的片段进行分类。根据部分差异表达基因的半定量RT-PCR表达结果,从中选出两个与花发育相关EST,利用RACE技术获得了两个基因的cDNA和基因组全长,并且对其序列进行了分析。最后构建其中一基因的正、反义表达载体,并转化烟草,对其进行初步的功能验证。本研究获得的结果和主要结论如下：
(1)百日草筒状花抑制消减cDNA文库的构建。以百日草雄性可育和不育败育关键时期的筒状花为研究材料,采用SSH技术成功构建了两个抑制消减cDNA文库,共得到1536个克隆；持家基因β-tubulin为指标检测文库的消减效率,两个文库的消减效率均为25倍。利用斑点杂交技术对文库中的所有1536个克隆进行筛选,得到525个阳性克隆。序列分析显示,可育库和不育库cDNA平均长度分别为407bp和386bp；两个文库中共分离到167个非重复的表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags, ESTs),其中70个基因在雄性可育株中呈上升表达,97个基因在雄性不育中呈上升表达。利用BLAST工具对其进行序列同源性分析,可育库中发现一些与绒毡层和小孢子发育相关的基因,不育文库中发现一些与花发育和细胞程序性死亡相关的基因。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,6个基因可能参与雄性育性形成,可育库中的两个基因仅在可育株花蕾中表达。参照MIPS站点的拟南芥数据库,可育库中有同源序列的59个EST可分成10个类别,最大三类依次为碳水化合物代谢(36%)、未分类蛋白(17%)和次级代谢类(14%)；不育库中有同源序列的81个EST分为14个类别,最大三类依次为未分类蛋白(27%)、碳水化合物代谢(18%)和细胞组分的合成类(16%)。这些差异表达基因的获得将为以后克隆花药发育相关基因以及了解百日草核雄性不育分子机理提供重要线索。
(2)两个百日草花发育差异表达基因的克隆与序列分析。以可育库中的两个EST为线索,利用RACE技术,从百日草中克隆出ZeMYB35和ZeSTR两个基因的完整序列,并利用生物学软件对序列进行分析。ZeMYB35基因的cDNA序列全长为1143bp,ORF Finder预测其最大开放阅读框为885bp,编码294个氨基酸；Conserve domain程序搜索到ZeMYB35蛋白含有两个典型的Myb-like DNA-binding domain,一个位于第17-62氨基酸之间,另一个位于第70-113个氨基酸之间。核苷酸和氨基酸序列比对发现,ZeMYB35与多种植物的MYB基因同源,其中与拟南芥MYB35的同源性为76%,表明它是MYB基因家族的一个新成员,属于R2R3-MYB型。通过PCR方法获得该基因的基因组序列,长度为1264bp；利用DNAMAN软件将基因的gDNA序列与cDNA序列相比,显示该基因包括两个内含子和三个外显子。
ZeSTR基因的cDNA全长为1402bp,ORF Finder预测ZeSTR基因的最大开放读码框全长为1224bp,编码407个氨基酸；NCBI的Conserve domain程序预测该蛋白含有一个STR-Synth结构域,位于第197-284个氨基酸之间,该结构域是异胡豆苷合成酶的一个典型结构特征。NCBI Blastp比对结果表明,ZeSTR蛋白与多种植物STR蛋白同源,其中与拟南芥STR蛋白(AA042227.1)同源性最高,推测ZeSTR基因在百日草中编码异胡豆苷合成酶。通过PCR方法获得了该基因的基因组序列,长度为2214bp; DNAMAN软件比对基因的cDNA和gDNA序列,显示该基因包括四个外显子和三个内含子。另外,cDNA和gDNA序列编码区有四处碱基替换,可能由RNA编辑造成。研究结果将为进一步研究该基因的结构和功能奠定基础。
(3)百日草ZeMYB35基因转化烟草的研究。通过酶切、连接等步骤,构建了ZeMYB35基因的正义、反义表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导转入烟草中。利用PCR方法对得到的转基因烟草进行了鉴定,电泳结果显示所有转基因植株均能扩增出目的条带。与对照烟草相比,转反义载体烟草中正常花粉生活力略有下降,转正义表达载体烟草长势较差。说明该基因可能与花粉发育相关。
Youth-and-old-age is an annual plant that belongs to genus Zinnia of Asteraceae family. It is widely cultivated in China, especially for flower beds, clusters and borders. Recessive genic male sterility (RGMS) is used to produce F1seeds because of various remarkable advantages, such as its stable and complete male sterility and no negative cytoplasmic effect on yield. However, we still have little knowledge about the mechanism of its fertility control. So it is necessary to do some researches about the mechanism of fertility control for better utilization of the RGMS.
In the present study, the fertile plants and sterile plants of a homozygous RGMS two-type line, MS5001AB, was used to construct two suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries, from which differentially expressed genes were isolated and sequenced. Homology searches of the isolated sequences were performed using the NCBI BLAST server. Moreover, the sequences that produce homologs by BLAST were classified by MIPS of A. thaliana Genome Database according to the biological processes they participated in. Based on semi-quantitative RT-PCR of some differentially expressed genes, we selected two ESTs to obtain their full-length cDNA and genomic sequence by RACE technology. The gene sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software. Finally, we constructed two plant expression vectors with sense and antisense ZeMYB35gene, which were introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Main results and conclusions are listed as follows:
(1) Construction of subtractive cDNA libraries. Two subtracted cDNA libraries between fertile and male sterile plants, which contain1536clones, are constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization approach from disk florets. The subtraction efficiency of25-fold was obtained in the two libraries using the housekeeping gene β-tubulin as the reference. Blot hybridization against the1536clones was carried out to screen differentially expressed genes.525positive clones were obtained for sequenceing. The average lengths of fragments from the fertile and male sterile libraries were407bp and386bp, respectively. Finally,167nonredundant ESTs were obtained, among which 70were up-regulated in fertile buds, and97were up-regulated in male sterile ones. Results of homology searches showed that some genes from the fertile library were related to tapetum and/or microspore development, and some genes from the male sterile library were related to floret development or PCD. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that2of6genes were expressed only in young disk florets of fertile plants compared with that of male sterile plants. The other4genes were expressed only in leaves of male sterile plants. Fifty-nine ESTs from the fertile library are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, phosphate metabolism, and secondary metabolites. Eighty-one ESTs from the male sterile library are involved in protein synthesis, processing and degradation. These EST sequences will supply the foundation for further cloning of genes related to anther development. Further analysis of these genes will provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying male sterile in Zinnia.
(2) Cloning and sequence analysis of two differentially expressed genes related to floral development from Zinnia. Full-length of ZeMYB35and ZeSTR were cloned and their sequences were analyzed. The cDNA sequence of ZeMYB35is1143bp in length, with open reading frame (ORF) of885bp encoding294amino acids predicted by ORF Finder. ZeMYB35protein contains two typical MYB-like DNA-binding domains by Conserve domain program analysis, one of which is located in17th-62th amino acids, and the other in70th-113th amino acids. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignment analysis showed that ZeMYB35was homologous to MYB genes from other plants, with the highest homology (76%) with AtMYB35, which indicates that it is a member of MYB family, and belongs to the R2R3-MYB type. Genomic sequence of the gene was obtained by PCR, which is1264bp in length, consisting of three exons and two introns.
The cDNA sequence of ZeSTR is1402bp, with ORF of1224bp, encoding407amino acids predicted by ORF Finder. The NCBI conserve domain program analysis found that the protein contains a STR-Synth structure domain, which is a typical structure feature of synthase, and is located in197th-284th amino acids. ZeSTR protein was homologous to various plant STR proteins, with the highest homology with Arabidopsis STR protein (AAO42227.1). The results showed that ZeSTR gene may code strictosidine synthase in Zinnia. Genomic sequences of the gene was obtained, with full-length of2 214bp, which contains four exons and three introns in the coding region. There are four replaced bases within the coding areas of ZeSTR cDNA and gDNA sequences, which may be caused by RNA editor. The results provide the foundation for further study of the structure and function of the gene.
(3) Transformation of tobacco by ZeMYB35gene. To investigate the function of ZeMYB35gene, we constructed two plant expression vectors with sense and antisense ZeMYB35gene driven by CAMV35S promoter, which were then introduced into tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Stable transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR analysis, which showed that the purpose gene has been integrated into the genome of all the plants investigated. Compared with the untransformed tobacco plants, the pollen viability was slightly decreased in antisense transgenic plants. The growth of sense ZeMYB35transgenic tobacco plants was inhibited slightly. The result showed ZeMYB35gene may be related to pollen development.
引文
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