大型精对苯二甲酸装置优化运行方法及其应用研究
|
摘要
精对苯二甲酸(purified terephthalic acid,简称PTA)作为聚酯的原料,化纤行业的“龙头”,是重要的化工大宗产品。我国早已成为世界第一大PTA生产国和消费国,并且我国PTA装备国产化已取得了突破,但由于缺乏对机理的深入了解与优化运行技术软体的支撑,我国PTA装置的整体运行技术与国外先进技术相比还存在一定的差距。本文融合实验机理分析结果和工业装置运行信息,对大型PTA装置对二甲苯(p-Xylene,简称PX)氧化反应过程、共沸精馏溶剂脱水过程和粗对苯二甲酸(crude terephthalic acid,简称CTA或TA)加氢反应过程的建模与优化运行技术进行了较为系统的分析和研究。本文主要研究成果如下：
(1)由于复杂化工工业操作条件的优化极其困难,传统的优化算法极易陷入局部最优,或需要对象的梯度信息。粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)算法是一种有效、简单的群体智能优化算法,吸引了越来越多研究者的关注。本文首先对相位角粒子群优化(phase angle based particle swarm optimization,简称θ-PSO)算法进行了改进,提出了基于交叉变异的改进θ-PSO算法。在此基础上,又进一步研究了动态环境下θ-PSO算法跟踪极值的性能,提出了一种结合记忆追溯与变尺度随机初始化策略的改进θ-PSO算法。通过标准测试函数MPB的仿真,表明在一定的动态环境下,引入记忆追溯,有利于提高算法的寻优性能。
(2)本文在分析PX氧化主、副反应机理的基础上,建立了PX氧化反应宏观动力学模型以及反应器中醋酸、PX燃烧损失模型。通过ASPEN PLUS建立了INVISTA工艺的PX氧化反应过程集成模型并实现了流程模拟。采用改进的交叉变异θ-PSO算法对PX氧化反应过程反应器和第一结晶器的工艺操作参数进行了寻优,并以此调整了PX氧化反应过程的操作条件,取得了显著的降耗效果。
(3)针对PX氧化反应过程非线性、耦合难控制的特点,采用FRONT-Suite先进控制软件实施了INVISTA工艺PX氧化反应过程的多变量预测控制,实现了反应器尾气O2浓度、氧化产品CTA中对羧基苯甲醛(4-carboxybenzaldehyde,简称4-CBA)浓度和第一结晶器尾气O2浓度的优化控制,稳定了PX氧化反应过程的运行。
(4)选用合适的共沸精馏多元组分物性方法,研究了以醋酸正丙酯为共沸剂的共沸精馏溶剂脱水过程机理,建立了INVISTA工艺共沸精馏溶剂脱水过程的模型,并实现了流程模拟。根据模型分析与装置操作经验,进行了有效的节能优化操作,包括溶剂脱水塔回流量优化调整、溶剂脱水塔顶部汽相冷凝温度优化调整和釜水含量优化调整,稳定优化了共沸精馏溶剂脱水过程的运行,降低了再沸器蒸汽的消耗。
(5)本文在实验室动力学模型和反应器模型研究的基础上，研究了工业装置Pd/C催化剂的失活动力学，表明在正常工业加氢生产过程中，催化剂失活是缓慢均匀的。同时,基于ASPEN PLUS平台建立了AMOCO工艺CTA加氢反应过程的流程模拟,模型预测结果表明该模型能较好地表征实际工业生产的特征。基于模型,本文采用交叉变异θ-PSO算法进行了工业加氢生产过程操作条件的优化分析,指导了实际工业生产的优化调整,取得了很好的应用效果。
Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) which is the raw material of polyester is one of the most important chemical products. China has already become the world's largest PTA producer and consumer. Though the domestic PTA equipment has made a breakthrough, there is still a big gap in operation between the domestic and abroad plants due to the lack of in-depth understanding of mechanism and optimization technology. Based on the experimental mechanism analysis and plant operation data, the modeling and optimization study of the p-Xylene oxidation process, the azeotropic distillation solvent dehydration process, and the crude terephthalic acid hydrogenation process of PTA plant is carried out. The main contributions of this dissertation are described as follows:
(1) Because of the complexity of chemical process, traditional optimization methods may easily fall into the local minimum. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a simple but effective swarm intelligence optimization, which has attracted more and more researchers' attention. An improved phase angle based PSO (θ-PSO) algorithm using crossover and mutation is put forward. Then another improved θ-PSO with memory recall and varying scale randomization strategy is studied. The eligible memory particles are recalled when the landscape changes. And the vary scale randomization is introduced through the evolution to maintain the swarm diversity. The offline error in the non-trivial multimodal dynamic functions MPB indicates that this improved θ-PSO deals well with the complex dynamic tracking and optimization.
(2) Based on the analysis of main and side reaction mechanism of p-Xylene oxidation, industrial macro reaction kinetics and the combustion loss models of acetate and p-Xylene are established. Then an integrated process model of p-Xylene oxidation is achieved. The operating conditions are adjusted according to the optimization results of the improved crossover and mutation θ-PSO algorithm, which obtains a significant effect.
(3) In order to overcome the control difficulties, such as nonlinear and coupling characteristics, a multivariable predictive control strategy of p-Xylene oxidation process is put forward using the advanced control software FRONT-Suite. The4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) concentration in the product of p-Xylene oxidation process together with the oxygen concentration in the reactor and first crystallizer is much more stable than before.
(4) After the selection of the proper property method of the azeotropic distillation, the mechanism and a process model of an azeotropic distillation solvent dehydration process of INVISTA technology is studied. According to the model analysis and device operational experience, the energy-saving orientated optimization is carried out. including the adjustment of the solvent dehvdration column's hack flow and the condensing temperature. After the application, the azeotropic distillation solvent dehydration process runs more economically.
(5) A generalized dynamic kinetics of the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is studied, which has an engineering kinetics with a time-dependent deactivation function. It suggests that in the actual industrial hydrogenation process, the catalyst deactivation is slow and even. Then the process model of an AMOCO patented industrial terephthalic acid hydrogenation purification process is established using the actual industry data in ASPEN PLUS platform. The model predictive performance of the product quality4-CBA is good. The operating conditions are adjusted according to the optimization results of the improved crossover and mutation θ-PSO algorithm, which achieves a remarkable effect.
(1)由于复杂化工工业操作条件的优化极其困难,传统的优化算法极易陷入局部最优,或需要对象的梯度信息。粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,简称PSO)算法是一种有效、简单的群体智能优化算法,吸引了越来越多研究者的关注。本文首先对相位角粒子群优化(phase angle based particle swarm optimization,简称θ-PSO)算法进行了改进,提出了基于交叉变异的改进θ-PSO算法。在此基础上,又进一步研究了动态环境下θ-PSO算法跟踪极值的性能,提出了一种结合记忆追溯与变尺度随机初始化策略的改进θ-PSO算法。通过标准测试函数MPB的仿真,表明在一定的动态环境下,引入记忆追溯,有利于提高算法的寻优性能。
(2)本文在分析PX氧化主、副反应机理的基础上,建立了PX氧化反应宏观动力学模型以及反应器中醋酸、PX燃烧损失模型。通过ASPEN PLUS建立了INVISTA工艺的PX氧化反应过程集成模型并实现了流程模拟。采用改进的交叉变异θ-PSO算法对PX氧化反应过程反应器和第一结晶器的工艺操作参数进行了寻优,并以此调整了PX氧化反应过程的操作条件,取得了显著的降耗效果。
(3)针对PX氧化反应过程非线性、耦合难控制的特点,采用FRONT-Suite先进控制软件实施了INVISTA工艺PX氧化反应过程的多变量预测控制,实现了反应器尾气O2浓度、氧化产品CTA中对羧基苯甲醛(4-carboxybenzaldehyde,简称4-CBA)浓度和第一结晶器尾气O2浓度的优化控制,稳定了PX氧化反应过程的运行。
(4)选用合适的共沸精馏多元组分物性方法,研究了以醋酸正丙酯为共沸剂的共沸精馏溶剂脱水过程机理,建立了INVISTA工艺共沸精馏溶剂脱水过程的模型,并实现了流程模拟。根据模型分析与装置操作经验,进行了有效的节能优化操作,包括溶剂脱水塔回流量优化调整、溶剂脱水塔顶部汽相冷凝温度优化调整和釜水含量优化调整,稳定优化了共沸精馏溶剂脱水过程的运行,降低了再沸器蒸汽的消耗。
(5)本文在实验室动力学模型和反应器模型研究的基础上，研究了工业装置Pd/C催化剂的失活动力学，表明在正常工业加氢生产过程中，催化剂失活是缓慢均匀的。同时,基于ASPEN PLUS平台建立了AMOCO工艺CTA加氢反应过程的流程模拟,模型预测结果表明该模型能较好地表征实际工业生产的特征。基于模型,本文采用交叉变异θ-PSO算法进行了工业加氢生产过程操作条件的优化分析,指导了实际工业生产的优化调整,取得了很好的应用效果。
Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) which is the raw material of polyester is one of the most important chemical products. China has already become the world's largest PTA producer and consumer. Though the domestic PTA equipment has made a breakthrough, there is still a big gap in operation between the domestic and abroad plants due to the lack of in-depth understanding of mechanism and optimization technology. Based on the experimental mechanism analysis and plant operation data, the modeling and optimization study of the p-Xylene oxidation process, the azeotropic distillation solvent dehydration process, and the crude terephthalic acid hydrogenation process of PTA plant is carried out. The main contributions of this dissertation are described as follows:
(1) Because of the complexity of chemical process, traditional optimization methods may easily fall into the local minimum. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a simple but effective swarm intelligence optimization, which has attracted more and more researchers' attention. An improved phase angle based PSO (θ-PSO) algorithm using crossover and mutation is put forward. Then another improved θ-PSO with memory recall and varying scale randomization strategy is studied. The eligible memory particles are recalled when the landscape changes. And the vary scale randomization is introduced through the evolution to maintain the swarm diversity. The offline error in the non-trivial multimodal dynamic functions MPB indicates that this improved θ-PSO deals well with the complex dynamic tracking and optimization.
(2) Based on the analysis of main and side reaction mechanism of p-Xylene oxidation, industrial macro reaction kinetics and the combustion loss models of acetate and p-Xylene are established. Then an integrated process model of p-Xylene oxidation is achieved. The operating conditions are adjusted according to the optimization results of the improved crossover and mutation θ-PSO algorithm, which obtains a significant effect.
(3) In order to overcome the control difficulties, such as nonlinear and coupling characteristics, a multivariable predictive control strategy of p-Xylene oxidation process is put forward using the advanced control software FRONT-Suite. The4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA) concentration in the product of p-Xylene oxidation process together with the oxygen concentration in the reactor and first crystallizer is much more stable than before.
(4) After the selection of the proper property method of the azeotropic distillation, the mechanism and a process model of an azeotropic distillation solvent dehydration process of INVISTA technology is studied. According to the model analysis and device operational experience, the energy-saving orientated optimization is carried out. including the adjustment of the solvent dehvdration column's hack flow and the condensing temperature. After the application, the azeotropic distillation solvent dehydration process runs more economically.
(5) A generalized dynamic kinetics of the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is studied, which has an engineering kinetics with a time-dependent deactivation function. It suggests that in the actual industrial hydrogenation process, the catalyst deactivation is slow and even. Then the process model of an AMOCO patented industrial terephthalic acid hydrogenation purification process is established using the actual industry data in ASPEN PLUS platform. The model predictive performance of the product quality4-CBA is good. The operating conditions are adjusted according to the optimization results of the improved crossover and mutation θ-PSO algorithm, which achieves a remarkable effect.
引文
[1]孙静珉.聚酯工艺[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1985
[2]王鑫根.国内外PTA的市场分析[J].石油化工技术经济,2003,19(3)：26-30
[3]郭琛.我国对苯二甲酸工业“十二五”展望和发展思路[J].化学工业,2010.28(6)：18-20
[4]http://www.sinosure.com.cn/sinosure/xwzx/rdzt/ckyj/ckdt/xyzt/qcxy/dzspyj/136544.html
[5]http://www.tapta.com
[6]http://www.chinashangren.com/news/show-8387.html
[7]王海滨.国内对苯二甲酸(PTA)产业发展方向研究[J].合成纤维.2010,(3)：1-4.
[8]王海滨.国内PTA投资及工艺技术分析[J].聚酯工业.2010,23(1)：5-7.
[9]朱培玉,顾道斌.对二甲苯液相氧化反应技术的研究进展.石油化工.2001.30(12)：947-951
[10]王丽军.对二甲苯氧化过程的建模、控制与优化研究.浙江大学博士学位论文.2005
[11]孙伟振.PX液相氧化反应过程分析与模型化.华东理工大学博士学位论文.2009
[12]申广照.对(间)苯二甲酸加氢精制反应过程研究[D].硕士学位论文.上海：华东理工大学,2004
[13]邢建良,黄秀辉.袁渭康.工业醋酸脱水过程元体系非均相共沸精馏的模拟研究.化工学报.2012,63(9)：2681-2687.
[14]Amoco Corporation. Catalyst and process for purification of crude terephthalic acid[P]. US:4,791,226,1988.
[15]Amoco Corporation. Process for removal of high molecular weight impurities in the manufacture of purified terephthalic acid[P]. US:4,782,181,1998.
[16]R.A. Sheldon. J.K.Kochi. Metal-catalyzed oxidations of organic compounds. New York: Academic Press.1981,18-25
[17]P.C. Doro. E. Danoczy. P. Roffia. On the low temperature oxidation of p-Xylene oxidation communications.1980,2:1130-1162
[18]Cao G., Pisu M. and Morbidelli M. A Lumped Kinetic Model for Liquid-Phase Catalytic Oxidation of p-Xylene to Terephthalic Acid[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,1994. 49(24B):5775-5783
[19]Cincotti.A. Effect of catalyst concentration and simulation of precipitation processes on liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid[J]. Chem.Eng.Sci..1997. 52(21/22).4205-4213
[20]Cincotti A.. Orru R.. Giacomo C. Kinetics and related engineering aspects of catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid[J]. Catalysis Today.1999.52: 331-347
[21]Nekrasov,N,V.. Kinetics of p-xylene complete oxidation on a supported palladium catalys[J]t.Kinet.Catal.,1998,39(4):502-506
[22]周国华.对二甲苯液相催化氧化动力学的研究[D].硕士学位论文.天津：天津大学,1988
[23]温同礼.对二甲苯液相催化氧化为对苯二甲酸的动力学[D].硕士学位论文.天津：天津大学,1989
[24]王丽军,李希,谢刚,等.对二甲苯液相催化氧化动力学研究(1)反应机理和动力学模型[J].化工学报,2003,54(7)：946-952
[25]张军,程明权.PX氧化反应动力学模型研究[J].合成技术及应用,2003,18(2)：5-9
[26]谢刚,李希,牛俊峰.对二甲苯液相催化氧化动力学研究(Ⅱ)温度效应[J].化工学报,2003,54(7)：1013-1016
[27]成有为,李希,牛俊峰.PX氧化过程中Mn催化剂沉淀机理研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37(4)：482-486
[28]章兆波.组合桨气一液反应器传递规律研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,2001
[29]王勤波,李希,谢刚等.气液传质对PX液相催化氧化反应的影响[J].聚酯工业,2003,16(6)：13-16
[30]肖维箴,王嘉骏,顾雪萍,冯连芳.对二甲苯氧化反应器冷态模拟实验研究[J].石油化工,2004,33(7)：632-635
[31]李光.鼓泡塔反应器汽液两相流数值模拟模型及应用.华东理工大学博士学位论文.2010
[32]代伟.对二甲苯低温氧化动力学和反应器冷模研究。硕士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,2003
[33]王丽军.PX氧化动力学研究及氧化反应器模拟。硕士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,2001
[34]张军,程明权.PX氧化反应动力学模型研究[J].合成技术及应用,2003,18(2)：5-9
[35]成有为,李希,牛俊峰.PX氧化过程中Mn催化剂沉淀机理研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37(4)：482-486
[36]王勤波,李希,谢刚等.气液传质对PX液相催化氧化反应的影响[J].聚酯工业,2003,16(6)：13-16
[37]潘怡.对二甲苯液相氧化动力学模型研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2008
[38]黄欢.对二甲苯二次氧化过程中液相反应的研究.化学反应工程与工艺,2010，26(1)：1-6
[39]李华.三井工艺PX二次氧化过程的应用.华东理工大学硕士位论文.2010
[40]蔡清白.对二甲先苯(PX)氧化反应器的流体动力学研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2010
[41]Caloyannis A.G..Graydon W. F.Heterogeneus eatalysis in the oxidatio of p-xylene in the liquid phase[J].J.Catal.1971.22:287
[42]Digurov N.G., Dyakonov J. A. Lebedev N. N. Suchkov V. V. Yoshkova L. A. Kinetics of the liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene into terephthalic acid with a cobalt Bromide catalyst[J]. Izu. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim., Khim. Tekhnol.1970,13:407
[43]孙伟振,黄欢,顾晓吴,赵玲.基于自由基反应机理的芳烃液相氧化动力学模型.化工学报,2010,61(7)：1796-1801
[44]赵晓锐,邵之江,陈曦,蒋鹏飞.基于CAPE-OPEN标准的对二甲苯氧化反应器建模.计算机与应用化学,2010,27(1)：41-45
[45]刘洁,田书亮,马海洪.对二甲苯氧化鼓泡塔反应器的模拟.化学反应工程与工艺,2007,23(1)：72-77
[46]王丽雅,李希,王丽军.PX氧化反应器的动态建模及仿真研究.聚酯工业,2004,17(2)：21-25
[47]王丽军,张宏健.PX氧化反应器动态模型和4-CBA浓度的软测量.化工自动化及仪表,2005,32(4)：22-25
[48]姚科田,邵之江,陈曦,纪彭,蒋鹏飞.基于数据驱动技术和工艺机理模型的PTA生产过程软测量建模方法.计算机与应用化学,2010,27(10)：1329-1332
[49]Yan X.F., Du W.L., Qian F. Development of a kintetic model for industrial oxidation of p-xylene by RBF-PLS and CCA. AIChE J.2004,50:1169-1176
[50]颜学峰.基于MLFN-PLSR的PX氧化反应组合建模方法.化工学报,2007,58(1)：149-154
[51]郑小霞.大型PTA生产过程智能故障预警与优化操作研究.华东理工大学博士学位论文.2006
[52]He Hong, Du Wenli, Qian Feng and Zhong Weimin. Operation condition optimization of p-xylene oxidation reaction process based on a fuzzy adaptive immune algorithm. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. [J] 2010,49:5683-5693.
[53]Li Xinmao, Xing Jianliang, Luo Na, Zhong Weimin, Cheng Hui, Qian Feng. Study on an improved bee colony algorithm and its application in optimization of PX oxidation process. The 2nd International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics. Nov.19-23,2011, Suzhou, China.158_GS3_1.
[54]祁荣宾,钱锋.基于多目标进化算法的对二甲苯氧化反应过程优化操作.化工学报,2010,61(12)：3155-3161
[55]杜文莉.精对苯二甲酸生产过程智能建模、控制与优化方法研究[D].华东理工大学博士学位论文,2005.
[56]蒋鹏飞.PTA氧化过程实时工况预测与优化方法.硕士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学.2010
[57]刘玲.改进的粒子群算法在PX氧化反应尾气冷凝系统节能中的应用.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[58]刘建忠.PX氧化反应催化剂、促进剂质量浓度控制系统特性分析及优化.聚酯工业, 2011,24(5)：17-20
[59]王云亮,焦义平.多变量先进控制系统在PX氧化反应过程中的应用.聚酯工业,2008,21(5)：29-31
[60]Xiao,X.;Wang,L.;Ding,G.;Li,X.,Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary System Water+Acetic Acid+Propyl Acetate.J Chem.Eng.Data 2005,51(2),582-583.
[61]Lee,L.-S.；Lin,C.-H.,Phase Behaviors of Water+Acetic Acid+Methyl Acetate+ p-Xylene Mixture at 101.32 kPa.The Open Thermodynamics Journal 2008,2,44-52.
[62]Chiu,H.-s.;Lee,L.-S.Phase equilibria of water+acetic acid+p-xylene mixture at 101.32 kPa.National Central University,Taiwan,2007.
[63]肖咸江.PTA过程关键单元建模与流程模拟.硕士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,2006
[64]王先建.TA生产中溶剂共沸脱水工艺的研究.硕士学位论文.天津：天津大学,2008
[65]刘宗健,袁浩,汪洋,任珉.醋酸脱水共沸剂选择及优化.第六届全国化学工程与生物化工年会,长沙,2010年10月29日
[66]曾根保,李绍军,钱锋.醋酸脱水系统的动态模拟及其控制.计算机与应用化学,2008,25(5)：533-536
[67]李绍军,曾根保,钱锋.精对苯二甲酸装置溶剂脱水塔中对二甲苯累积量对分离效果的影响.华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008.34(1)：24-28
[68]吴超腾.溶剂脱水塔共沸精馏过程模拟与优化.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[69]刘杰.共沸精馏法分离醋酸与水体系的研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[70]黄定伟.醋酸脱水非均相共沸精馏过程模拟及控制.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[71]肖楠.对苯二甲酸生产分离工艺过程模拟研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[72]尚海燕.PTA残渣系统与溶剂系统建模.北京化工大学硕士学位论文.2007
[73]薛海东.基于结构化类比的时间序列预测算法研究及其在PTA共沸精馏塔建模中的应用.北京化工大学硕士学位论文.2009
[74]杨景杰.共沸精馏溶剂脱水塔模型化与关键指标软测量.华东理工大学硕士学位论文，2006.
[75]周静红.应用于TA加氢精制的Pd/CNF新型催化剂设计及性能研究.华东理工大学博士学位论文.2006.
[76]袁浩,汪洋.对笨二甲陵加氯精制催化剂的研究进展.合成纤维工业,2009.32(4)：52-55
[77]丁国富.延长PTA装胃钯炭催化剂使用寿命的技术措施[J].聚酯工业，1995，3：24-27
[78]沈昌宁：,毛文麟.钯/炭催化剂的失活原因[J].石油化工，1991，20(4)：234-237
[79]张卓绝,王振新.Pd/C催化剂失活原因探讨[J].聚酯工业，2001，14(6):5-8
[80]Nicola Pernicone.Mario Cerboni.Giovanni Prelazzi.etal.An investigation on Pd/C industrial catalysts for the purification of terephthalic acid[J].Catalysis Today.1998. 44:129-135
[81]Standard Oil Company. Palladium on carbon catalyst for purification of crude terephthalic acid[P].US:4,415,479,1983.
[82]Standard Oil Company. Process for preparation of palladium on carbon catalysts used in the purification of crude terephthalic acid[P]. US:4,421,676,1983.
[83]中国公开发明专利,中国石化集团扬子石油化工有限责任公司,一种对苯二甲酸生产装置中钯—碳催化剂在线再生方法,CN1285341
[84]中国公开发明专利,扬子石油化工股份有限公司,加氢精制对苯二甲酸的催化剂的再生方法,CN1762964
[85]中国公开发明专利,中国石化上海石油化工股份有限公司,用于对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂,CN1213803C
[86]中国公开发明专利,中国石油化工股份有限公司,用于精制粗对苯二甲酸的催化剂的制备方法,CN1709570
[87]中国公开发明专利,中国石油化工股份有限公司,一种用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的催化剂的制备方法,CN1709569
[88]中国公开发明专利,中国石油化工股份有限公司,一种精制粗对苯二甲酸的催化剂的制备方法,CN709568
[89]中国公开发明专利,扬子石油化工股份有限公司,一种用于对苯术二甲酸加氢精制的双金属催化剂及其制法,CN 1785508
[90]中国公开发明专利,华东理工大学,用于对苯二甲酸加氢精制的以纳米碳纤维为载体的催化剂,CN1695805
[91]中国公开发明专利,南化集团研究院,一种钯/碳负载型贵金属催化剂制备方法,CN1436595
[92]纪磊,曾崇余,王振新等.对苯二甲酸加氢精制的反应规律[J].南京工业大学学报,2002,24(4)：87-90
[93]王磊.对苯二甲酸加氢精制Pd/C催化剂有效因子的估算和再生方法的探索.南京工业大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[94]张少钢.周静红,隋志军.周兴贵,袁渭康.对苯二甲酸精制钯炭催化剂内扩散及有效因子的研究,工业催化,2008,16(6)：60-64
[95]周立进，王振新,纪磊.曾崇余.任晓乾.对苯二甲酸加氧精制反应宏观动力学的研究[J].石油化工.2005,34(3)：242-246
[96]陈筱金.Pd/C催化剂失活原因分析与改进措施[J].化学反应工程与工艺,2002,118(3)：275-278
[97]Sung Hwa Jhung. Anatoly V. Romanenko. Ki Hwa Lee. et al. Carbon-supported palladium-ruthenium catalyst for hydropurification of tercphthalic acid[J]. Applied Catalvsis A.2002.225:131-139
[98]周静红,张涛,隋志军,李平,袁渭康.对苯二甲酸的加氢精制过程Ⅰ热力学及反应特性分析[J].华东理工大学学报,2006,,32(4)：374-380
[99]周静红,申广照,李平,戴迎春,袁渭康.对苯二甲酸的加氢精制过程Ⅱ不同粒度催化剂上4-CBA表观加氢动力学[J].华东理工大学学报,2006,32(5)：503-507
[100]张少钢,周静红,徐笑春,隋志军,周兴贵,袁渭康.对羧基苯甲醛在钯炭催化剂上串联加氢反应宏观动力学.化学反应工程与工艺,2008,24(6)：509-514
[101]徐笑春.TA加氢精制过程动力学研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[102]张少钢,周静,红隋志军,周兴贵,袁渭康.对苯二甲酸加氢精制反应器的数学模拟.化学反应工程与工艺,2008,24(1)：54-59
[103]胡春平,颜学峰.基于多元回归的对苯二甲酸加氢精制宏观动力学模型.化学反应工程与工艺,2008,24(5)：468-471
[104]冯景新.量子粒子群算法研究及其在软测量建模中的应用.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[105]石春红.先进控制技术在PTA装置的应用.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[106]王辉.微粒群算法及其应用研究.华东理工大学博士学位论文,2008.
[107]Kennedy J, Eberhart R C. Swarm Intelligence [M]. San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann division of Academic Press.2001.
[108]E. Bonabeau, M Dorigo, G Theraulaz. Swarm Intelligence:From natural to artificial systems [M]. New York:Oxford University Press.1999.
[109]Dorigo M. Optimization. learning and natural algorithms. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dipartimento di Elettronica. Politecnico di Milano. Italy.1992.
[110]James Kennedy. Russell C. Eberhart. Particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Piscataway. NJ. USA.1995,1942-1948.
[111]D. Karaboga,Bahriye Basturk. A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization:artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm[J]. Journal of Global Optimization.2007.39(3):459-471.
[112]李晓磊,邵之江,钱积新.一种基于动物自治体的寻优模式：鱼群算法.系统工程理论与实践.2002,22(11)：32-38.
[113]Eusuff M M, Lansey K E. Optimization of water distribution network design using shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2003,129(3):210-225.
[114]Colomi A, Dorigo M, Maniezzo V. Distributed optimization by ant colonies. Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life.1991, 134-142.
[115]Dorigo M. Optimization, learning and natural algorithms. Ph.D. Dissertation. Dipartimento di Elettronica. Politecnico di Milano. Italy. 1992.
[116]Bell J E, McMullen P R. Ant colony optimization techniques for the vehicle routing problem. Advanced Engineering Informatics,2004,18 (1):41-48.
[117]Reimann M, Doerner K, Hartl R F. D-ants:Savings based ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem. Computers and Operations Research,2004,31(4):563-591.
[118]Gajpal Y, Rajendran C. An ant-colony optimization algorithm for minimizing the completion-time variance of jobs in flowshops. International Journal of Production Economics,2006,101 (2):259-272.
[119]Merkle D, Middendorf M. On solving permutation scheduling problems with ant colony optimization. International Journal of Systems Science,2005,36 (5):255-266.
[120]Na Z, Sun H J, Zhou N F. Ant colony optimization for dynamic RWA in WDM networks with partial wavelength conversion. Photonic Network Communication,2006,11 (2): 229-236.
[121]Coello Coello C, Zavala Gutierrez R L, Mendoza Garcia B, Hernandez Aguirre, A. Automated design of combinational logic circuits using the ant system. Engineering Optimization,2002,34 (2):109-127.
[122]Dorigo M, Maniezzo V. and Colorni A. The ant system:optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B,1996, 26(1):29-41.
[123]Stutzle T, Hoos H. Improvements on the Ant System:Introducing MAX-MIN Ant System. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, Springer Verlag. Wien.1997.245-249.
[124]D. Karaboga. An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization[R]. Technical report-TR06. Erciyes University, Turkey,2005.
[125]李鑫茂.PTA装置PX氧化反应过程建模与优化技术研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2012.
[126]李峰磊.蜂群算法的研究与应用[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[127]暴励.人工蜂群算法的混合策略研究[D].太原科技大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[128]R.C.Eberhart. J. Kennedy. A new optimizer using particle swarm theory [A]. Proc of the 6th international symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science[C]. Nagoya. Japan. IEEE Service Center. Piscataway, NJ,1995.39-43
[129]Craig W. Reynolds. Flocks. Herds, and Schools:A distributed behavioral model. Computer Graphics.1987.21(4):25-34.
[130]Lovbjerg M,Rasmussen T K. Krink T. Hybrid particle swarm optimiser with breeding and subpopulations[C].In:Proc of the third Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference,2001
[131]R.C.Eberhart. Y.Shi.Comparing inertia weights and constriction factors in particle swarm optimization[C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2000.84-88
[132]Shi Y. Eberhart R. A modified particle swarm optimizer[C]. In:IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence,1998.69-73
[133]J. Kennedy, R.C.Eberhart. Population structure and particle swarm performance[C]. Proceeding of IEEE conference on Evolutionary C omputation,2002.1671-1676
[134]W.Z.Lu, H.Y.Fan, S.M.Lo. Application of evolutionary neural network method in predicting pollutant levels in downtown area of Hong Kong[J]. Neurocomputing,2003, 51(4):387-400
[135]Xie XF, Zhang WJ, Yang ZL. A dissipative particle swarm optimization. In:Proc. of the IEEE Int'l Conf. on Evolutionary Computation. Honolulu:IEEE Inc.,2002.1456-1461
[136]Angeline P J. Evolutionary optimization versus particle swarm optimization:philosophy differences [C].In:Evolutionary and performance Programming VII,1998.601-610
[137]Lovbjerg M.Rasmussen T K, Krink T. Hybrid particle swarm optimiser with breeding and subpopulations[C].In:Proc of the third Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference.2001
[138]梁毅.粒子群算法搜索模式研究与应用.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[139]宁国忠.基于改进的粒子群算法的软测量模型参数辨识[D].硕士学位论文.上海：华东理工大学,2007
[140]Zhong Weimin. Li Shaojun. Qian Feng.0-PSO:A new strategy of particle swarm optimization. Journal of Zhejiang University [J].2008.9(6):786-790
[141]Clerc, M.:The swarm and the queen;towards a deterministic and adaptive particle swarm optimization[J]. Pro.1CEC, Washington. DC,1999.1951-1957
[142]Relea, I.C.:The particle swarm optimization algorithm:convergence analysis and parameter selection[J]. Information Processing Letters.2003.8:5317-325
[143]R.C.Eherhart, Y.Shi. Tracking and optimizing dynamic systems with particle swarms, in: Proc. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Seoul, Korea, p94-97 (2001)
[144) R.W.Morrison, K.A. De Jong. A test problem generator for non-stationary environments. in:Proc.1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, p2047-2053 (1999)
[145]J. Branke. Memory enhanced evolutionary algorithms for changing optimization problems. in:Congress on Evolutionary Computation CECZ99. Vol.3,p1875-1882 (1999)
[146]D. Parrott. X.D.Li. Locating and tracking multiple dynamic optima by a particle swarm model using speciation. IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation. Vol.10. No.4. p440-458 (2006)
[147]X.D.Li. H.D.Khanh. Comparing Particle Swarms for Tracking Extrema in Dynamic Environments. in:Proc.2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, p.1772-1779 (2003)
[148]Hendrik Richter, Detecting change in dynamic fitness landscapes. in:IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, p1613-1620 (2009)
[149]Carlisle, A.; Dozler, G.. Tracking changing extrema with adaptive particle swarm optimizer.2002 Proceedings of the 5th Biannual World Automation Congress, Orlando, FL, United states,2002,265-270
[150]K. Weicker. Performance measures for dynamic environments. Parallel Problems Solving from Nature, ser. LNCS 2439, Berlin, Germany:Springer-Verlag, p64-73 (2002)
[151]D.H.Wolpert, W.GMacready. No free lunch theorems for optimization. IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, Vol.1, No.1, p67-82 (1997)
[152]中化科技开发项目“对二甲苯氧化反应进料催化剂浓度和产品质量实时优化操作”技术文档
[153]中石化科技开发项目“三井工艺PX氧化反应过程流程模拟”技术文档
[154]WEIZHEN SUN, MEIYING AN. WEIMIN ZHONG LING ZHAO. Kinetics of Cox Formation in the Homogeneous Metal/Bromide Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of p-Xylene. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics.2012 (Accepted)
[155]ASPEN Tech. Introduction to ASPEN PLUS[M],2001
[156]钱积新.赵均.徐祖华.预测控制[M].2007.北京：化学工业出版社
[157]席裕庚.预测控制.北京：国防工业出版社,1993.
[158]舒迪前.预测控制理论及应用.北京：机械工业出版社.1996.
[159]Richalet J. et.al (1978). Model predictive heuristic control:Application to industrial process. Automatica, Vol.14(5). p413-428
[160]Cutler C.R., Ramaker B.L.(1982). Dynamic matrix control-A computer control algorithm. Proceeding of JACC Sam Francisco
[161]赵均,徐祖华.钱积新.复杂工业过程的预测控制理论及其应用.自动化与信息工程,30(3)：1-6,2009
[162]赵均,李田鹏,钱积新.模型预测控制工程软件关键技术及其工业应用.吉林大学学报.2004.20(4)：341-345.
[163]徐祖华.赵均.钱积新.基于渐近理论的两阶段过程辨识方法.化工学报.2008.59(4)：953-957
[164]Block U. Hegner B. Development and application of a simulation model for three-phase distillation. AIChE Journal[J].1976.22(3):582-9.
[165]中石化科技开发项目“PTA装置共沸精馏溶剂脱水塔优化运行技术研发”技术文档
[166]Levenspiel O. The chemical reactor. Omaibook OSU Book Stores Inc. Science Press. 1992.
[167]Fuentes G. A. Catalyst deactivation and steady-state activity:a generalized power-law equation model. Appl. Catal.1985,15:33-40.
[168]徐祖华.模型预测控制理论及应用研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学.2004
[2]王鑫根.国内外PTA的市场分析[J].石油化工技术经济,2003,19(3)：26-30
[3]郭琛.我国对苯二甲酸工业“十二五”展望和发展思路[J].化学工业,2010.28(6)：18-20
[4]http://www.sinosure.com.cn/sinosure/xwzx/rdzt/ckyj/ckdt/xyzt/qcxy/dzspyj/136544.html
[5]http://www.tapta.com
[6]http://www.chinashangren.com/news/show-8387.html
[7]王海滨.国内对苯二甲酸(PTA)产业发展方向研究[J].合成纤维.2010,(3)：1-4.
[8]王海滨.国内PTA投资及工艺技术分析[J].聚酯工业.2010,23(1)：5-7.
[9]朱培玉,顾道斌.对二甲苯液相氧化反应技术的研究进展.石油化工.2001.30(12)：947-951
[10]王丽军.对二甲苯氧化过程的建模、控制与优化研究.浙江大学博士学位论文.2005
[11]孙伟振.PX液相氧化反应过程分析与模型化.华东理工大学博士学位论文.2009
[12]申广照.对(间)苯二甲酸加氢精制反应过程研究[D].硕士学位论文.上海：华东理工大学,2004
[13]邢建良,黄秀辉.袁渭康.工业醋酸脱水过程元体系非均相共沸精馏的模拟研究.化工学报.2012,63(9)：2681-2687.
[14]Amoco Corporation. Catalyst and process for purification of crude terephthalic acid[P]. US:4,791,226,1988.
[15]Amoco Corporation. Process for removal of high molecular weight impurities in the manufacture of purified terephthalic acid[P]. US:4,782,181,1998.
[16]R.A. Sheldon. J.K.Kochi. Metal-catalyzed oxidations of organic compounds. New York: Academic Press.1981,18-25
[17]P.C. Doro. E. Danoczy. P. Roffia. On the low temperature oxidation of p-Xylene oxidation communications.1980,2:1130-1162
[18]Cao G., Pisu M. and Morbidelli M. A Lumped Kinetic Model for Liquid-Phase Catalytic Oxidation of p-Xylene to Terephthalic Acid[J]. Chemical Engineering Science,1994. 49(24B):5775-5783
[19]Cincotti.A. Effect of catalyst concentration and simulation of precipitation processes on liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid[J]. Chem.Eng.Sci..1997. 52(21/22).4205-4213
[20]Cincotti A.. Orru R.. Giacomo C. Kinetics and related engineering aspects of catalytic liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene to terephthalic acid[J]. Catalysis Today.1999.52: 331-347
[21]Nekrasov,N,V.. Kinetics of p-xylene complete oxidation on a supported palladium catalys[J]t.Kinet.Catal.,1998,39(4):502-506
[22]周国华.对二甲苯液相催化氧化动力学的研究[D].硕士学位论文.天津：天津大学,1988
[23]温同礼.对二甲苯液相催化氧化为对苯二甲酸的动力学[D].硕士学位论文.天津：天津大学,1989
[24]王丽军,李希,谢刚,等.对二甲苯液相催化氧化动力学研究(1)反应机理和动力学模型[J].化工学报,2003,54(7)：946-952
[25]张军,程明权.PX氧化反应动力学模型研究[J].合成技术及应用,2003,18(2)：5-9
[26]谢刚,李希,牛俊峰.对二甲苯液相催化氧化动力学研究(Ⅱ)温度效应[J].化工学报,2003,54(7)：1013-1016
[27]成有为,李希,牛俊峰.PX氧化过程中Mn催化剂沉淀机理研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37(4)：482-486
[28]章兆波.组合桨气一液反应器传递规律研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,2001
[29]王勤波,李希,谢刚等.气液传质对PX液相催化氧化反应的影响[J].聚酯工业,2003,16(6)：13-16
[30]肖维箴,王嘉骏,顾雪萍,冯连芳.对二甲苯氧化反应器冷态模拟实验研究[J].石油化工,2004,33(7)：632-635
[31]李光.鼓泡塔反应器汽液两相流数值模拟模型及应用.华东理工大学博士学位论文.2010
[32]代伟.对二甲苯低温氧化动力学和反应器冷模研究。硕士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,2003
[33]王丽军.PX氧化动力学研究及氧化反应器模拟。硕士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,2001
[34]张军,程明权.PX氧化反应动力学模型研究[J].合成技术及应用,2003,18(2)：5-9
[35]成有为,李希,牛俊峰.PX氧化过程中Mn催化剂沉淀机理研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2003,37(4)：482-486
[36]王勤波,李希,谢刚等.气液传质对PX液相催化氧化反应的影响[J].聚酯工业,2003,16(6)：13-16
[37]潘怡.对二甲苯液相氧化动力学模型研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2008
[38]黄欢.对二甲苯二次氧化过程中液相反应的研究.化学反应工程与工艺,2010，26(1)：1-6
[39]李华.三井工艺PX二次氧化过程的应用.华东理工大学硕士位论文.2010
[40]蔡清白.对二甲先苯(PX)氧化反应器的流体动力学研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2010
[41]Caloyannis A.G..Graydon W. F.Heterogeneus eatalysis in the oxidatio of p-xylene in the liquid phase[J].J.Catal.1971.22:287
[42]Digurov N.G., Dyakonov J. A. Lebedev N. N. Suchkov V. V. Yoshkova L. A. Kinetics of the liquid phase oxidation of p-xylene into terephthalic acid with a cobalt Bromide catalyst[J]. Izu. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim., Khim. Tekhnol.1970,13:407
[43]孙伟振,黄欢,顾晓吴,赵玲.基于自由基反应机理的芳烃液相氧化动力学模型.化工学报,2010,61(7)：1796-1801
[44]赵晓锐,邵之江,陈曦,蒋鹏飞.基于CAPE-OPEN标准的对二甲苯氧化反应器建模.计算机与应用化学,2010,27(1)：41-45
[45]刘洁,田书亮,马海洪.对二甲苯氧化鼓泡塔反应器的模拟.化学反应工程与工艺,2007,23(1)：72-77
[46]王丽雅,李希,王丽军.PX氧化反应器的动态建模及仿真研究.聚酯工业,2004,17(2)：21-25
[47]王丽军,张宏健.PX氧化反应器动态模型和4-CBA浓度的软测量.化工自动化及仪表,2005,32(4)：22-25
[48]姚科田,邵之江,陈曦,纪彭,蒋鹏飞.基于数据驱动技术和工艺机理模型的PTA生产过程软测量建模方法.计算机与应用化学,2010,27(10)：1329-1332
[49]Yan X.F., Du W.L., Qian F. Development of a kintetic model for industrial oxidation of p-xylene by RBF-PLS and CCA. AIChE J.2004,50:1169-1176
[50]颜学峰.基于MLFN-PLSR的PX氧化反应组合建模方法.化工学报,2007,58(1)：149-154
[51]郑小霞.大型PTA生产过程智能故障预警与优化操作研究.华东理工大学博士学位论文.2006
[52]He Hong, Du Wenli, Qian Feng and Zhong Weimin. Operation condition optimization of p-xylene oxidation reaction process based on a fuzzy adaptive immune algorithm. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. [J] 2010,49:5683-5693.
[53]Li Xinmao, Xing Jianliang, Luo Na, Zhong Weimin, Cheng Hui, Qian Feng. Study on an improved bee colony algorithm and its application in optimization of PX oxidation process. The 2nd International Workshop on Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics. Nov.19-23,2011, Suzhou, China.158_GS3_1.
[54]祁荣宾,钱锋.基于多目标进化算法的对二甲苯氧化反应过程优化操作.化工学报,2010,61(12)：3155-3161
[55]杜文莉.精对苯二甲酸生产过程智能建模、控制与优化方法研究[D].华东理工大学博士学位论文,2005.
[56]蒋鹏飞.PTA氧化过程实时工况预测与优化方法.硕士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学.2010
[57]刘玲.改进的粒子群算法在PX氧化反应尾气冷凝系统节能中的应用.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[58]刘建忠.PX氧化反应催化剂、促进剂质量浓度控制系统特性分析及优化.聚酯工业, 2011,24(5)：17-20
[59]王云亮,焦义平.多变量先进控制系统在PX氧化反应过程中的应用.聚酯工业,2008,21(5)：29-31
[60]Xiao,X.;Wang,L.;Ding,G.;Li,X.,Liquid-Liquid Equilibria for the Ternary System Water+Acetic Acid+Propyl Acetate.J Chem.Eng.Data 2005,51(2),582-583.
[61]Lee,L.-S.；Lin,C.-H.,Phase Behaviors of Water+Acetic Acid+Methyl Acetate+ p-Xylene Mixture at 101.32 kPa.The Open Thermodynamics Journal 2008,2,44-52.
[62]Chiu,H.-s.;Lee,L.-S.Phase equilibria of water+acetic acid+p-xylene mixture at 101.32 kPa.National Central University,Taiwan,2007.
[63]肖咸江.PTA过程关键单元建模与流程模拟.硕士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学,2006
[64]王先建.TA生产中溶剂共沸脱水工艺的研究.硕士学位论文.天津：天津大学,2008
[65]刘宗健,袁浩,汪洋,任珉.醋酸脱水共沸剂选择及优化.第六届全国化学工程与生物化工年会,长沙,2010年10月29日
[66]曾根保,李绍军,钱锋.醋酸脱水系统的动态模拟及其控制.计算机与应用化学,2008,25(5)：533-536
[67]李绍军,曾根保,钱锋.精对苯二甲酸装置溶剂脱水塔中对二甲苯累积量对分离效果的影响.华东理工大学学报(自然科学版),2008.34(1)：24-28
[68]吴超腾.溶剂脱水塔共沸精馏过程模拟与优化.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[69]刘杰.共沸精馏法分离醋酸与水体系的研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[70]黄定伟.醋酸脱水非均相共沸精馏过程模拟及控制.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[71]肖楠.对苯二甲酸生产分离工艺过程模拟研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[72]尚海燕.PTA残渣系统与溶剂系统建模.北京化工大学硕士学位论文.2007
[73]薛海东.基于结构化类比的时间序列预测算法研究及其在PTA共沸精馏塔建模中的应用.北京化工大学硕士学位论文.2009
[74]杨景杰.共沸精馏溶剂脱水塔模型化与关键指标软测量.华东理工大学硕士学位论文，2006.
[75]周静红.应用于TA加氢精制的Pd/CNF新型催化剂设计及性能研究.华东理工大学博士学位论文.2006.
[76]袁浩,汪洋.对笨二甲陵加氯精制催化剂的研究进展.合成纤维工业,2009.32(4)：52-55
[77]丁国富.延长PTA装胃钯炭催化剂使用寿命的技术措施[J].聚酯工业，1995，3：24-27
[78]沈昌宁：,毛文麟.钯/炭催化剂的失活原因[J].石油化工，1991，20(4)：234-237
[79]张卓绝,王振新.Pd/C催化剂失活原因探讨[J].聚酯工业，2001，14(6):5-8
[80]Nicola Pernicone.Mario Cerboni.Giovanni Prelazzi.etal.An investigation on Pd/C industrial catalysts for the purification of terephthalic acid[J].Catalysis Today.1998. 44:129-135
[81]Standard Oil Company. Palladium on carbon catalyst for purification of crude terephthalic acid[P].US:4,415,479,1983.
[82]Standard Oil Company. Process for preparation of palladium on carbon catalysts used in the purification of crude terephthalic acid[P]. US:4,421,676,1983.
[83]中国公开发明专利,中国石化集团扬子石油化工有限责任公司,一种对苯二甲酸生产装置中钯—碳催化剂在线再生方法,CN1285341
[84]中国公开发明专利,扬子石油化工股份有限公司,加氢精制对苯二甲酸的催化剂的再生方法,CN1762964
[85]中国公开发明专利,中国石化上海石油化工股份有限公司,用于对苯二甲酸精制的加氢催化剂,CN1213803C
[86]中国公开发明专利,中国石油化工股份有限公司,用于精制粗对苯二甲酸的催化剂的制备方法,CN1709570
[87]中国公开发明专利,中国石油化工股份有限公司,一种用于粗对苯二甲酸精制的催化剂的制备方法,CN1709569
[88]中国公开发明专利,中国石油化工股份有限公司,一种精制粗对苯二甲酸的催化剂的制备方法,CN709568
[89]中国公开发明专利,扬子石油化工股份有限公司,一种用于对苯术二甲酸加氢精制的双金属催化剂及其制法,CN 1785508
[90]中国公开发明专利,华东理工大学,用于对苯二甲酸加氢精制的以纳米碳纤维为载体的催化剂,CN1695805
[91]中国公开发明专利,南化集团研究院,一种钯/碳负载型贵金属催化剂制备方法,CN1436595
[92]纪磊,曾崇余,王振新等.对苯二甲酸加氢精制的反应规律[J].南京工业大学学报,2002,24(4)：87-90
[93]王磊.对苯二甲酸加氢精制Pd/C催化剂有效因子的估算和再生方法的探索.南京工业大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[94]张少钢.周静红,隋志军.周兴贵,袁渭康.对苯二甲酸精制钯炭催化剂内扩散及有效因子的研究,工业催化,2008,16(6)：60-64
[95]周立进，王振新,纪磊.曾崇余.任晓乾.对苯二甲酸加氧精制反应宏观动力学的研究[J].石油化工.2005,34(3)：242-246
[96]陈筱金.Pd/C催化剂失活原因分析与改进措施[J].化学反应工程与工艺,2002,118(3)：275-278
[97]Sung Hwa Jhung. Anatoly V. Romanenko. Ki Hwa Lee. et al. Carbon-supported palladium-ruthenium catalyst for hydropurification of tercphthalic acid[J]. Applied Catalvsis A.2002.225:131-139
[98]周静红,张涛,隋志军,李平,袁渭康.对苯二甲酸的加氢精制过程Ⅰ热力学及反应特性分析[J].华东理工大学学报,2006,,32(4)：374-380
[99]周静红,申广照,李平,戴迎春,袁渭康.对苯二甲酸的加氢精制过程Ⅱ不同粒度催化剂上4-CBA表观加氢动力学[J].华东理工大学学报,2006,32(5)：503-507
[100]张少钢,周静红,徐笑春,隋志军,周兴贵,袁渭康.对羧基苯甲醛在钯炭催化剂上串联加氢反应宏观动力学.化学反应工程与工艺,2008,24(6)：509-514
[101]徐笑春.TA加氢精制过程动力学研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[102]张少钢,周静,红隋志军,周兴贵,袁渭康.对苯二甲酸加氢精制反应器的数学模拟.化学反应工程与工艺,2008,24(1)：54-59
[103]胡春平,颜学峰.基于多元回归的对苯二甲酸加氢精制宏观动力学模型.化学反应工程与工艺,2008,24(5)：468-471
[104]冯景新.量子粒子群算法研究及其在软测量建模中的应用.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[105]石春红.先进控制技术在PTA装置的应用.华东理工大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[106]王辉.微粒群算法及其应用研究.华东理工大学博士学位论文,2008.
[107]Kennedy J, Eberhart R C. Swarm Intelligence [M]. San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann division of Academic Press.2001.
[108]E. Bonabeau, M Dorigo, G Theraulaz. Swarm Intelligence:From natural to artificial systems [M]. New York:Oxford University Press.1999.
[109]Dorigo M. Optimization. learning and natural algorithms. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dipartimento di Elettronica. Politecnico di Milano. Italy.1992.
[110]James Kennedy. Russell C. Eberhart. Particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Piscataway. NJ. USA.1995,1942-1948.
[111]D. Karaboga,Bahriye Basturk. A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization:artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm[J]. Journal of Global Optimization.2007.39(3):459-471.
[112]李晓磊,邵之江,钱积新.一种基于动物自治体的寻优模式：鱼群算法.系统工程理论与实践.2002,22(11)：32-38.
[113]Eusuff M M, Lansey K E. Optimization of water distribution network design using shuffled frog leaping algorithm. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2003,129(3):210-225.
[114]Colomi A, Dorigo M, Maniezzo V. Distributed optimization by ant colonies. Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life.1991, 134-142.
[115]Dorigo M. Optimization, learning and natural algorithms. Ph.D. Dissertation. Dipartimento di Elettronica. Politecnico di Milano. Italy. 1992.
[116]Bell J E, McMullen P R. Ant colony optimization techniques for the vehicle routing problem. Advanced Engineering Informatics,2004,18 (1):41-48.
[117]Reimann M, Doerner K, Hartl R F. D-ants:Savings based ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem. Computers and Operations Research,2004,31(4):563-591.
[118]Gajpal Y, Rajendran C. An ant-colony optimization algorithm for minimizing the completion-time variance of jobs in flowshops. International Journal of Production Economics,2006,101 (2):259-272.
[119]Merkle D, Middendorf M. On solving permutation scheduling problems with ant colony optimization. International Journal of Systems Science,2005,36 (5):255-266.
[120]Na Z, Sun H J, Zhou N F. Ant colony optimization for dynamic RWA in WDM networks with partial wavelength conversion. Photonic Network Communication,2006,11 (2): 229-236.
[121]Coello Coello C, Zavala Gutierrez R L, Mendoza Garcia B, Hernandez Aguirre, A. Automated design of combinational logic circuits using the ant system. Engineering Optimization,2002,34 (2):109-127.
[122]Dorigo M, Maniezzo V. and Colorni A. The ant system:optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B,1996, 26(1):29-41.
[123]Stutzle T, Hoos H. Improvements on the Ant System:Introducing MAX-MIN Ant System. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, Springer Verlag. Wien.1997.245-249.
[124]D. Karaboga. An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization[R]. Technical report-TR06. Erciyes University, Turkey,2005.
[125]李鑫茂.PTA装置PX氧化反应过程建模与优化技术研究.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2012.
[126]李峰磊.蜂群算法的研究与应用[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[127]暴励.人工蜂群算法的混合策略研究[D].太原科技大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[128]R.C.Eberhart. J. Kennedy. A new optimizer using particle swarm theory [A]. Proc of the 6th international symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science[C]. Nagoya. Japan. IEEE Service Center. Piscataway, NJ,1995.39-43
[129]Craig W. Reynolds. Flocks. Herds, and Schools:A distributed behavioral model. Computer Graphics.1987.21(4):25-34.
[130]Lovbjerg M,Rasmussen T K. Krink T. Hybrid particle swarm optimiser with breeding and subpopulations[C].In:Proc of the third Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference,2001
[131]R.C.Eberhart. Y.Shi.Comparing inertia weights and constriction factors in particle swarm optimization[C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Congress on Evolutionary Computation,2000.84-88
[132]Shi Y. Eberhart R. A modified particle swarm optimizer[C]. In:IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence,1998.69-73
[133]J. Kennedy, R.C.Eberhart. Population structure and particle swarm performance[C]. Proceeding of IEEE conference on Evolutionary C omputation,2002.1671-1676
[134]W.Z.Lu, H.Y.Fan, S.M.Lo. Application of evolutionary neural network method in predicting pollutant levels in downtown area of Hong Kong[J]. Neurocomputing,2003, 51(4):387-400
[135]Xie XF, Zhang WJ, Yang ZL. A dissipative particle swarm optimization. In:Proc. of the IEEE Int'l Conf. on Evolutionary Computation. Honolulu:IEEE Inc.,2002.1456-1461
[136]Angeline P J. Evolutionary optimization versus particle swarm optimization:philosophy differences [C].In:Evolutionary and performance Programming VII,1998.601-610
[137]Lovbjerg M.Rasmussen T K, Krink T. Hybrid particle swarm optimiser with breeding and subpopulations[C].In:Proc of the third Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference.2001
[138]梁毅.粒子群算法搜索模式研究与应用.华东理工大学硕士学位论文.2010.
[139]宁国忠.基于改进的粒子群算法的软测量模型参数辨识[D].硕士学位论文.上海：华东理工大学,2007
[140]Zhong Weimin. Li Shaojun. Qian Feng.0-PSO:A new strategy of particle swarm optimization. Journal of Zhejiang University [J].2008.9(6):786-790
[141]Clerc, M.:The swarm and the queen;towards a deterministic and adaptive particle swarm optimization[J]. Pro.1CEC, Washington. DC,1999.1951-1957
[142]Relea, I.C.:The particle swarm optimization algorithm:convergence analysis and parameter selection[J]. Information Processing Letters.2003.8:5317-325
[143]R.C.Eherhart, Y.Shi. Tracking and optimizing dynamic systems with particle swarms, in: Proc. IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Seoul, Korea, p94-97 (2001)
[144) R.W.Morrison, K.A. De Jong. A test problem generator for non-stationary environments. in:Proc.1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, p2047-2053 (1999)
[145]J. Branke. Memory enhanced evolutionary algorithms for changing optimization problems. in:Congress on Evolutionary Computation CECZ99. Vol.3,p1875-1882 (1999)
[146]D. Parrott. X.D.Li. Locating and tracking multiple dynamic optima by a particle swarm model using speciation. IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation. Vol.10. No.4. p440-458 (2006)
[147]X.D.Li. H.D.Khanh. Comparing Particle Swarms for Tracking Extrema in Dynamic Environments. in:Proc.2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, p.1772-1779 (2003)
[148]Hendrik Richter, Detecting change in dynamic fitness landscapes. in:IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, p1613-1620 (2009)
[149]Carlisle, A.; Dozler, G.. Tracking changing extrema with adaptive particle swarm optimizer.2002 Proceedings of the 5th Biannual World Automation Congress, Orlando, FL, United states,2002,265-270
[150]K. Weicker. Performance measures for dynamic environments. Parallel Problems Solving from Nature, ser. LNCS 2439, Berlin, Germany:Springer-Verlag, p64-73 (2002)
[151]D.H.Wolpert, W.GMacready. No free lunch theorems for optimization. IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, Vol.1, No.1, p67-82 (1997)
[152]中化科技开发项目“对二甲苯氧化反应进料催化剂浓度和产品质量实时优化操作”技术文档
[153]中石化科技开发项目“三井工艺PX氧化反应过程流程模拟”技术文档
[154]WEIZHEN SUN, MEIYING AN. WEIMIN ZHONG LING ZHAO. Kinetics of Cox Formation in the Homogeneous Metal/Bromide Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of p-Xylene. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics.2012 (Accepted)
[155]ASPEN Tech. Introduction to ASPEN PLUS[M],2001
[156]钱积新.赵均.徐祖华.预测控制[M].2007.北京：化学工业出版社
[157]席裕庚.预测控制.北京：国防工业出版社,1993.
[158]舒迪前.预测控制理论及应用.北京：机械工业出版社.1996.
[159]Richalet J. et.al (1978). Model predictive heuristic control:Application to industrial process. Automatica, Vol.14(5). p413-428
[160]Cutler C.R., Ramaker B.L.(1982). Dynamic matrix control-A computer control algorithm. Proceeding of JACC Sam Francisco
[161]赵均,徐祖华.钱积新.复杂工业过程的预测控制理论及其应用.自动化与信息工程,30(3)：1-6,2009
[162]赵均,李田鹏,钱积新.模型预测控制工程软件关键技术及其工业应用.吉林大学学报.2004.20(4)：341-345.
[163]徐祖华.赵均.钱积新.基于渐近理论的两阶段过程辨识方法.化工学报.2008.59(4)：953-957
[164]Block U. Hegner B. Development and application of a simulation model for three-phase distillation. AIChE Journal[J].1976.22(3):582-9.
[165]中石化科技开发项目“PTA装置共沸精馏溶剂脱水塔优化运行技术研发”技术文档
[166]Levenspiel O. The chemical reactor. Omaibook OSU Book Stores Inc. Science Press. 1992.
[167]Fuentes G. A. Catalyst deactivation and steady-state activity:a generalized power-law equation model. Appl. Catal.1985,15:33-40.
[168]徐祖华.模型预测控制理论及应用研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州：浙江大学.2004