集装箱港口新型装卸工艺系统及其仿真研究
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摘要
随着经济一体化、全球化的快速发展,集装箱运输保持较高增长速度,集装箱船舶大型化日势明显,大多数港口更加重视节能减排和专业高效,逐步向专业化和综合性的物流服务体系转变,对集装箱装卸工艺系统的应用和改进要求也越来越高。
装卸工艺现代化是港口现代化的关键,是港口挖潜、革新、改造的主要目标之一。本文在原有装卸工艺基础上,结合港口集装箱装卸工艺系统的特点,预测集装箱装卸工艺的发展趋势,提出新型的集装箱装卸工艺系统,同时应用物流仿真软件Flexsim对各个集装箱港口装卸工艺系统进行比较和分析,优化得出合理的作业方案供选择。
本文首先回顾了国内外集装箱装卸工艺系统的研究动态和常用装卸设备应用现状,分析了装卸设备未来的发展趋势,系统地介绍了集装箱港口的平面基本设施和主要机械设备的构成,对码头调度原则、生产作业流程作了说明。
其次,分析了集装箱装卸工艺系统使用状况,发现存在的主要问题并提出改进的内容。重点在于提出了新型的装卸设备,组成新型的集装箱装卸工艺系统,在不增加码头基础设施投入的同时可以提高集装箱装卸作业效率。
第三,结合计算机仿真技术在集装箱港口作业的实现与发展,应用Flexsim仿真软件中离散事件系统理论、面向对象思想和人机交互功能,结合虚拟现实技术、机械设计技术,建立包括码头前沿、堆场等港口设施和岸桥、龙门起重机、集卡、船舶等机械设备的模型库,建立集装箱港口系统中设备运动学模型,实现了三维的计算机动画模拟,对传统集装箱装卸工艺系统及提出的新型集装箱装卸工艺系统进行数字仿真。
最后,Flexsim软件的分析功能对各个物流系统中的主要技术参数,如岸桥装卸效率、设备空闲时间、系统作业效率等进行了定量统计和比较,并检验研究成果,为新型装卸工艺系统运行的可行性提供数据依据。
Accompanying the economic integration and globalization development, the containerized traffic maintains a higher rate of rise, the upsizing tendency of container ships has been also obvious, the majority harbors gradually transform to the upsizing and specialized comprehensive logistics service system, and pay more attention to the energy saving-discharge decreasing and specialized high efficiency of the harbor, simultaneously set higher and higher request to the improvement and application of the container loading and unloading craft system's plan.
The loading and unloading craft's modernization is the key of harbor's modernization, and is one of the main targets for the harbor to excavate potential, innovate and transform. In this paper, on base of the original foundation, in view of the characteristic of the harbor container logistics system, forecast development trend of the container loading and unloading craft system. The innovation is that the new loading and unloading craft systems are proposed through qualitative analysis. At the same time, the computer simulation technology has also obtained widespread application in the research of the containerized harbor logistics system, the reasonable plan is made to compare and choose the logistics systems by the simulation software.
First, the container loading and unloading craft system's research tendency is reviewed in domestic and abroad, the developing trend of loading and unloading equipment has been analyzed as well, the constitution of the plane basic installation and the main mechanical device are introduced systematically in the container harbor, detailed explanation are made on the wharf dispatch principle, the production work flow.
Next, the behavior in service of the present commonly used loading and unloading equipment and the container logistics system is analyzed, the main problem is found. The paper's key point lays in that according to the forecast, the new loading and unloading equipment is designed, the new container loading and unloading craft system is composed, the work efficiency of the new container loading and unloading ships is enhanced while the wharf basic installation investment aren't increased.
Third, combining the realization and development of computer simulation technology in container harbor work, the discrete event system theory, the object-oriented thought and the man-machine interaction function are applied in the Flexsim simulation software, combining virtual reality technology, the machine design technology, the model base is established including port facilities such as wharf apron and dump site, as well as mechanical device such as the shore bridge, the gantry crane, the container truck and the ships and so on, the kinematics model of the harbor facilities is established in the container logistics system, and the three dimensional computer animation simulation is realized, so that the digital simulation of the traditional and new container logistics system is carried on.
Finally, the quantitative statistics and comparison are carried on about the major technique parameters, such as the shore bridge loading and unloading efficiency, the production process bottleneck and so on, in each physical distribution system by Flexsim software's analysis function, and the research results are examined, the data basis is provided for forecasting the feasibility of the new loading and unloading craft system.
装卸工艺现代化是港口现代化的关键,是港口挖潜、革新、改造的主要目标之一。本文在原有装卸工艺基础上,结合港口集装箱装卸工艺系统的特点,预测集装箱装卸工艺的发展趋势,提出新型的集装箱装卸工艺系统,同时应用物流仿真软件Flexsim对各个集装箱港口装卸工艺系统进行比较和分析,优化得出合理的作业方案供选择。
本文首先回顾了国内外集装箱装卸工艺系统的研究动态和常用装卸设备应用现状,分析了装卸设备未来的发展趋势,系统地介绍了集装箱港口的平面基本设施和主要机械设备的构成,对码头调度原则、生产作业流程作了说明。
其次,分析了集装箱装卸工艺系统使用状况,发现存在的主要问题并提出改进的内容。重点在于提出了新型的装卸设备,组成新型的集装箱装卸工艺系统,在不增加码头基础设施投入的同时可以提高集装箱装卸作业效率。
第三,结合计算机仿真技术在集装箱港口作业的实现与发展,应用Flexsim仿真软件中离散事件系统理论、面向对象思想和人机交互功能,结合虚拟现实技术、机械设计技术,建立包括码头前沿、堆场等港口设施和岸桥、龙门起重机、集卡、船舶等机械设备的模型库,建立集装箱港口系统中设备运动学模型,实现了三维的计算机动画模拟,对传统集装箱装卸工艺系统及提出的新型集装箱装卸工艺系统进行数字仿真。
最后,Flexsim软件的分析功能对各个物流系统中的主要技术参数,如岸桥装卸效率、设备空闲时间、系统作业效率等进行了定量统计和比较,并检验研究成果,为新型装卸工艺系统运行的可行性提供数据依据。
Accompanying the economic integration and globalization development, the containerized traffic maintains a higher rate of rise, the upsizing tendency of container ships has been also obvious, the majority harbors gradually transform to the upsizing and specialized comprehensive logistics service system, and pay more attention to the energy saving-discharge decreasing and specialized high efficiency of the harbor, simultaneously set higher and higher request to the improvement and application of the container loading and unloading craft system's plan.
The loading and unloading craft's modernization is the key of harbor's modernization, and is one of the main targets for the harbor to excavate potential, innovate and transform. In this paper, on base of the original foundation, in view of the characteristic of the harbor container logistics system, forecast development trend of the container loading and unloading craft system. The innovation is that the new loading and unloading craft systems are proposed through qualitative analysis. At the same time, the computer simulation technology has also obtained widespread application in the research of the containerized harbor logistics system, the reasonable plan is made to compare and choose the logistics systems by the simulation software.
First, the container loading and unloading craft system's research tendency is reviewed in domestic and abroad, the developing trend of loading and unloading equipment has been analyzed as well, the constitution of the plane basic installation and the main mechanical device are introduced systematically in the container harbor, detailed explanation are made on the wharf dispatch principle, the production work flow.
Next, the behavior in service of the present commonly used loading and unloading equipment and the container logistics system is analyzed, the main problem is found. The paper's key point lays in that according to the forecast, the new loading and unloading equipment is designed, the new container loading and unloading craft system is composed, the work efficiency of the new container loading and unloading ships is enhanced while the wharf basic installation investment aren't increased.
Third, combining the realization and development of computer simulation technology in container harbor work, the discrete event system theory, the object-oriented thought and the man-machine interaction function are applied in the Flexsim simulation software, combining virtual reality technology, the machine design technology, the model base is established including port facilities such as wharf apron and dump site, as well as mechanical device such as the shore bridge, the gantry crane, the container truck and the ships and so on, the kinematics model of the harbor facilities is established in the container logistics system, and the three dimensional computer animation simulation is realized, so that the digital simulation of the traditional and new container logistics system is carried on.
Finally, the quantitative statistics and comparison are carried on about the major technique parameters, such as the shore bridge loading and unloading efficiency, the production process bottleneck and so on, in each physical distribution system by Flexsim software's analysis function, and the research results are examined, the data basis is provided for forecasting the feasibility of the new loading and unloading craft system.
引文
[1]鲁子爱,林民标.港口服务系统的计算机仿真研究.河海大学学报,1999.27(3):17-20
[2]汪锋,陶德馨.Witness仿真软件在集装箱码头模拟系统中的应用.交通与计算机,2003.2:64-66
[3]Chen,C.YandHsieh,T-W.A time-space network model for the berth alloeation Problem.19th IFIP TC7 Conefreneeon System Modeling and OPtimization,July1999.Cambridge,UK136-142
[4]真虹编著.港口生产调度过程优化.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1999:75-80
[5]Cheng Yong Leong Simulation and genetic algorithms for ship Planning and ship yard layout.Simulation,1998.71(2):74-83
[6]杨静蕾.集装箱码头内部物流网络运作研究(博士学位论文).上海:上海海事大学,2003.11-12
[7]Taleb-Ibrahimi,M.,De Castilho,B.and Dagnazo,C.F.Storgae sPaee vs handling work in container terminals.TransPortation Researeh,1993.27B(1):13-32
[8]张新艳.港口集装箱物流系统规则与仿真建模方法的研究与实现(博士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2002:35-42
[9]肖矫矫.集装箱码头路网交通研究(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.12:8-15
[10]尚晶.集装箱码头物流网络资源优化配置研究(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.12:10-13
[11]胡强.集装箱码头物流系统性能分析与仿真(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.12:12-15
[12]邱跃龙.集装箱自动化码头物流系统规划与仿真(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.12:23-26
[13]彭旺明.基于EM-Plnat的天津港集装箱码头物流系统建模与仿真(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2003:10-12
[14]蔡芸.港口集装箱物流系统仿真和优化方法的研究及应用(博士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学2005:56-63
[15]Kozna,E.and Preston,P.Genetic algorithm to sehedule container transefers at multimodal terminals.International Transactions in Operational Researeh6,1999:311-329
[16]Ballis,A and Abaeoumkin,C.Acontainer terminal simulation model with animation capabilities.Journal of Advaneed TransPortation,1996.30(1):37-57
[17]De Castilho,B.andDganazo,C.F.Handling strategies for import containers at marinet erminals.TmasPortation Researeh,1993.27B(2):151-166;Kim,K,H.and Kim,D.Y.Group storage methods at container port terminals.MH-2,The Materials Handling Engineering Division,75th Anniversary Commemorative Volume,1994:15-20
[18]Kap Hwan Kima,Ki Young Kim Routing straddle carriers for the loading operation of containers using a beam seareh algorithrn[J]Computers and Industrial Engineering,1999,36:109-136
[19]Ebru K Bish,Thin-Yin Leong,Chung-LunLi,Jonathan,David Simehi-levi Analysis of a new vehiele seheduling and loeation problem.Naval Researeh Logistie,2001,48:363-385
[20]D.Simchi-Levi etal,Dispatehing Vehicles in a Mega Container Terminal.Northwesten University,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Seiences,2000
[21]沙梅.集装箱码头物流系统建模和仿真综述.上海海事大学学报,2005.26:6-10
[22]真虹.港口生产调度优化[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1999:99-101
[23]王少梅,张煜.集装箱码头前沿三维仿真及其方案优选.上海海事大学学报,2006.27:30-33
[24]于汝民.集装箱码头经营管理.人民交通出版社,1999:47-49
[25]陈戌源.集装箱码头业务管理.大连海事大学出版社,1998:12-13
[26]郑志虹.堆场计划管理在集装箱码头的应用.水运管理,2002:30-32
[27]张杰.沿海煤炭港口通过能力分析及发展对策研究.大连海事大学学报,2001:22-24
[28]肖锋.物流系统分析得连续逼近方法(CA)研究.中国水运,2005.11:32-33
[29]徐伟.集装箱码头布局方案及作业系统的仿真研究(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2006:44-49
[30]计三有,刘德鹏.集装箱码头交通运输组织建模及仿真技术研究.水运工程,2006.5:22-25
[31]Petrovic Dobrila.Simulation of Supply chain behavior and performance in an uncertain environment[C].Int.J.Production Economics,2001.71:429-438
[32]唐荣锡等.计算机图形学教程.北京:科学出版社,1990:44-46
[33]刘洁涛.基于Flexsim的四连杆组合臂架门座起重机仿真模型研究.中国水运,2005.11:23-25
[34]蓝庆新.物流全球化与我国对外物流系统的优化.山东纺织经济,2003.1:55-58
[35]李华.未来港口发展的趋势--港口物流.港口经济,2003.4:27-29
[36]赵刚.现代航运发展趋势及其对港口发展的影响.中国港口,2002.5:15-17
[37]宋德星.排队理论在集装箱码头设计中的应用.水运工程,1995.2:35-37
[38]张维中.排队理论在确定集装箱码头吞吐能力中的应用.海岸工程,1998.1:16-19
[39]刘舒燕.运筹学.人民交通出版社,1999:55-68
[40]吴镇,朱金生.虚拟现实技术在港口集装箱码头装卸中的应用.系统仿真学报,2001.11:26-27
[4l]周强,吴继红.集装箱码头物流系统的仿真建模技术.港口装卸,2005.5:57-60
[42]肖向东.集装箱码头装卸工艺设计中几个问题的思考.水运工程,2003.7:15-17
[43]王国利.起重运输机械发展趋势.中国水运,2005.3(03):78-80.
[44]董晓英.机械工业中的绿色设计与制造.机床与液压,2002:27-33
[45]彭传圣.适应船舶大型化的岸边集装箱起重机.水运科学研究,2005.2:56-57
[46]吴耀华.现代物流系统技术的研究现状及发展趋势.机械工程学报,1999.4:35-44
[47]詹跃东.玉溪红塔烟草集团自动化物流系统.机器人技术与应用,1999.5:68-69
[48]欧阳文霞.物流信息技术.人民交通出版社.2003:45-66
[49]杜力.建立我国集装箱运输综合信息系统的研究.1999
[50]Flexsim联机帮助文档
[2]汪锋,陶德馨.Witness仿真软件在集装箱码头模拟系统中的应用.交通与计算机,2003.2:64-66
[3]Chen,C.YandHsieh,T-W.A time-space network model for the berth alloeation Problem.19th IFIP TC7 Conefreneeon System Modeling and OPtimization,July1999.Cambridge,UK136-142
[4]真虹编著.港口生产调度过程优化.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1999:75-80
[5]Cheng Yong Leong Simulation and genetic algorithms for ship Planning and ship yard layout.Simulation,1998.71(2):74-83
[6]杨静蕾.集装箱码头内部物流网络运作研究(博士学位论文).上海:上海海事大学,2003.11-12
[7]Taleb-Ibrahimi,M.,De Castilho,B.and Dagnazo,C.F.Storgae sPaee vs handling work in container terminals.TransPortation Researeh,1993.27B(1):13-32
[8]张新艳.港口集装箱物流系统规则与仿真建模方法的研究与实现(博士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2002:35-42
[9]肖矫矫.集装箱码头路网交通研究(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.12:8-15
[10]尚晶.集装箱码头物流网络资源优化配置研究(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.12:10-13
[11]胡强.集装箱码头物流系统性能分析与仿真(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.12:12-15
[12]邱跃龙.集装箱自动化码头物流系统规划与仿真(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2005.12:23-26
[13]彭旺明.基于EM-Plnat的天津港集装箱码头物流系统建模与仿真(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2003:10-12
[14]蔡芸.港口集装箱物流系统仿真和优化方法的研究及应用(博士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学2005:56-63
[15]Kozna,E.and Preston,P.Genetic algorithm to sehedule container transefers at multimodal terminals.International Transactions in Operational Researeh6,1999:311-329
[16]Ballis,A and Abaeoumkin,C.Acontainer terminal simulation model with animation capabilities.Journal of Advaneed TransPortation,1996.30(1):37-57
[17]De Castilho,B.andDganazo,C.F.Handling strategies for import containers at marinet erminals.TmasPortation Researeh,1993.27B(2):151-166;Kim,K,H.and Kim,D.Y.Group storage methods at container port terminals.MH-2,The Materials Handling Engineering Division,75th Anniversary Commemorative Volume,1994:15-20
[18]Kap Hwan Kima,Ki Young Kim Routing straddle carriers for the loading operation of containers using a beam seareh algorithrn[J]Computers and Industrial Engineering,1999,36:109-136
[19]Ebru K Bish,Thin-Yin Leong,Chung-LunLi,Jonathan,David Simehi-levi Analysis of a new vehiele seheduling and loeation problem.Naval Researeh Logistie,2001,48:363-385
[20]D.Simchi-Levi etal,Dispatehing Vehicles in a Mega Container Terminal.Northwesten University,Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Seiences,2000
[21]沙梅.集装箱码头物流系统建模和仿真综述.上海海事大学学报,2005.26:6-10
[22]真虹.港口生产调度优化[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1999:99-101
[23]王少梅,张煜.集装箱码头前沿三维仿真及其方案优选.上海海事大学学报,2006.27:30-33
[24]于汝民.集装箱码头经营管理.人民交通出版社,1999:47-49
[25]陈戌源.集装箱码头业务管理.大连海事大学出版社,1998:12-13
[26]郑志虹.堆场计划管理在集装箱码头的应用.水运管理,2002:30-32
[27]张杰.沿海煤炭港口通过能力分析及发展对策研究.大连海事大学学报,2001:22-24
[28]肖锋.物流系统分析得连续逼近方法(CA)研究.中国水运,2005.11:32-33
[29]徐伟.集装箱码头布局方案及作业系统的仿真研究(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2006:44-49
[30]计三有,刘德鹏.集装箱码头交通运输组织建模及仿真技术研究.水运工程,2006.5:22-25
[31]Petrovic Dobrila.Simulation of Supply chain behavior and performance in an uncertain environment[C].Int.J.Production Economics,2001.71:429-438
[32]唐荣锡等.计算机图形学教程.北京:科学出版社,1990:44-46
[33]刘洁涛.基于Flexsim的四连杆组合臂架门座起重机仿真模型研究.中国水运,2005.11:23-25
[34]蓝庆新.物流全球化与我国对外物流系统的优化.山东纺织经济,2003.1:55-58
[35]李华.未来港口发展的趋势--港口物流.港口经济,2003.4:27-29
[36]赵刚.现代航运发展趋势及其对港口发展的影响.中国港口,2002.5:15-17
[37]宋德星.排队理论在集装箱码头设计中的应用.水运工程,1995.2:35-37
[38]张维中.排队理论在确定集装箱码头吞吐能力中的应用.海岸工程,1998.1:16-19
[39]刘舒燕.运筹学.人民交通出版社,1999:55-68
[40]吴镇,朱金生.虚拟现实技术在港口集装箱码头装卸中的应用.系统仿真学报,2001.11:26-27
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