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超微粉复方紫苏中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长及肠道发育的影响研究
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摘要
以紫苏、党参等中草药为原料,采用贝利微粉机振动磨制成本试验用的超微复方中草药添加剂。选用21日龄“大约克×长白”二元杂交断奶仔猪96头,分为对照A组(0.05%效美素和抗敌素)、试验B组(0.25%中草药)、试验C组(0.5%中草药)和试验D组(1.0%中草药),共4组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头,进行饲养试验,研究超微中草药对仔猪生长性能和肠道发育的影响,并筛选出本超微中草药复方的最适添加剂量。试验结果如下:
     生长性能指标:试验C组仔猪的日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验B、D组和对照A组差异不显著(P>0.05),三个试验组分别比对照组提高了-0.15%,21.65%(P<0.05)和11.96%(P>0.05);三个试验组与对照组间仔猪的平均日采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验C组和试验D组日耗料比对照A组分别提高了16.92%(P>0.05)和6.1%(P>0.05)。耗料增重比方面:试验组比对照组,有一定程度的提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),其中实验B、C、D组分别比对照组降低4.58%(P>0.05),5.34%(P>0.05),5.34%(P>0.05).腹泻频率:实验B、C和D组的腹泻率显著低于对照A组(P<0.05),他们比对照A组腹泻率分别下降了84.50%(P<0.05)、92.25%(P<0.05)、和69.38%(P<0.05)。
     血清生化指标:试验组和对照组在仔猪血清中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLO)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量及谷草转氨酶(AST)活性水平影晌差异不显著性(P>0.05);但是超微中草药对仔猪血清血糖有提高作用,其中添加量为0.25%效果较为明显;添加0.5%的超微中草药有助于降低血清中尿素氮的含量,添加1%的超微中草药有助于降低血清胆固醇的含量。ALT(丙氨酸氨基转移酶)方面:试验C组ALT含量最高,比对照A组上升了68.70%,差异显著(P<0.05),其它三组间无显著差异,但添加中草药,ALT有上升趋势。淀粉酶活性方面:试验B、C和D组比对照A组血清淀粉酶活性分别提高了17.15%、6.55%和20.61%,但是各组之间并无显著差异。碱性磷酸酶ALP方面:试验C组碱性磷酸酶含量最高,分别比对照A组、试验B组和试验D组提高了20.22%(P>0.05)、66.37(P<0.05)和44.80%(P>0.05),A、B和D三组之间无差异显著(P>0.05)。T_3、T_4方面:试验B、C和D组血清中T_3明显比对照A组高,分别高出12%(P>0.05)、34%(P>0.05)和16%(P>0.05)。试验C组血清中T>4含量最高,比对照A组和试验B、D组分别提高了18.75%(P>0.05)和34.43%(P<0.05)、19.25(P>0.05)。
     肠道状况:超微中草药处理组盲肠、结肠PH值均出现低于对照组的趋势。试验B组和试验C组盲肠PH值与对照A组差异显著(P<0.05),试验B、C、D三组结肠PH值与对照A组差异显著(P<0.05);试验组盲肠结肠中的丙酸浓度明显高于对照A组,其中试验C组盲肠中的丙酸丁酸和结肠中的丁酸浓度与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),分别提高了同时试验C组结肠中丁酸的含量也比对照组高出了32.65%(P>0.05);三个试验组的绒毛高度均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组大肠杆菌浓度均低于添加抗生素的对照A组,但差异不显著,其中以试验C组的大肠杆菌含量最低,比对照组降低13.30%(P>0.05);而添加超微中草药的试验B、C、D三组中盲肠结肠的乳酸杆菌含量均显著高于对照A组(P<0.05),盲肠中乳酸杆菌的含量分别比对照A组提高24.89%(P<0.05)、30.19%(P<0.05)、26.80%(P<0.05),结肠中乳酸杆菌的含量分别比对照A组提高23.38%(P<0.05)、30.14%(P<0.05)、25.11%(P<0.05)。
     粪氨含量:添加中草药的试验组粪氨含量相对抗生素组的有下降趋势。0.5%的UFCH试验C组粪氨显著低于对照A组降低了20.09%;试验B、D组比对照A组粪氨含量分别降低了11.21%(P>0.05)、13.55%(P>0.05)。
     结果表明,在仔猪日粮中添加不同剂量的本中草药复方,能提高仔猪生长性能,减轻因断奶应激导致的肠道损伤,降低腹泻率,其中添加0.5%剂量的效果较好。
The objective of this experiment was evaluating the effects and adjustabilityof Ultra-fine Chinese herbal feedstuff additives(UFCH) on growth andintestines performance on early weaning piglets. The Ultra-fine Chinese herbaladditives(UFCH) were made of PeriIla Frutes, Radix codonpsispillosulae, Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, and so on. Ninety -sixcrossbred early weaned piglets (Large Yorkshire X Landrace) of 21 days oldwere assigned into 4 groups (A, B, C, D)with 3 repetitions by weight and sex,every repletion had 8 piglets, then to carry on feeding trial. The four groupsdiets respectively were 0.05% antibiotics(include Colistin Sulfate SolublePowder and Maxus, 0.25% UFCH, 0.5% UFCH and 1.0% UFCH supplementation inthe basal diet. The trial results were as follow:
     Growth performance: Average daily gain(ADG) of group C wassignificantly (P<0.05) higher than that of control group A, no significantelect(P>0.05) was observed between group B, D,these three experiment groupsincreased respectively by-0.15%(P>0.05), 21.65% (P<0.05) and 11.96%(P>0.05). Average daily teed intake(ADFD)of all groups had no significantlydifference(P>0.05),but the ADFD of group C, D increased 16.92%(P>0.05),6.1%(P>0.05)respectively compared with control group A; feed to gain ratio(F/G) of all groups had no significantly difference(P>0.05), while effects of thethree experiment groups were better than that of control group,the F/G of threeexperiment group decreased by 4.58%(P>0.05), 5.34%(P>0.05), 5.34%(P>0.05)respectively when compared with the control of group A; Diarrhea frequency ofgroup B, C, D were significantly (P<0.05) lower than control,and decreased by 84.50%(P<0.05), 92.25%(P<0.05),和69.38%(P<0.05).
     Serum bio-chemical parameters: no significant effects existed in totalprotein(TP),albumin(ALB), globulin(GLO), urinary nitrogen(BUN),glutamicoxalocetic transaminase(AST) of serum in (P>0.05);but UFCH can increasedGLU in Serum,the highest one among those groups was the group C;theconcentration of BUN could be decreased by 0.5% UFCH group C and theconcentration of cholesterol TC could be decreased by 1.0% UFCH groupD.ALT of group C was significantly(P<0.05) higher than the control,nosignificant effect (P>0.05) was observed between group B, C and control groupA.The concentration of AMY in group B, C, D increased by 17.15%, 6.55% and20.61% respectively, but no significant differences(P>0.05). The highestconcentration of ALP was the group C, increased by 20.22%(P>0.05),66.37(P<0.05) and 44.80%(P>0.05) respectively when compared with controland group B, D.The concentration of three- thyroid hormone(T3) in thoseexperiment groups were higher than that control of group A,increased by12%(P>0.05), 34%(P>0.05) and 16%(P>0.05) respectively. The highestconcentration of four-thyroid hormone(FT4) was the group C, increased by18.75%(P>0.05) and 34.43%(P<0.05). 19.25(P>0.05) respectively whencompared with control and group B, D.
     Status of intestines:pH of those three experiment groups in cecum andcolon were lower than control, pH of groups B, C in cecum was significantly(P<0.05) lower than control,pH of three groups in colon was significantly(P<0.05) lower than control; the concentration of Propanoic Acid in cecum andcolon of groups B, C, D were higher than control; Group C had higher(P<0.05)n-Butyric acid and Propanoic Acid in cecum and n-Butyric acid in colon thancontrol,increased by 49.59%(P<0.05), 55.75%(P<0.05), 34.86%(P<0.05)respectively;The colonic villu length of three experiment groups were longer than control,but the difference were not significant(P>0.05);cecum and colonE.coli concentration of experiment groups were lower than control,but nosignificantly differece (P>0.05);group C had the lowest E.coli number thanother groups,descreased by 13.30% when compared with control, cecum andcolon Lactoacilli number of experiment groups were higher (P<0.05) thancontrol, cecum Lactoacilli number increased by 24.89%(P<0.05).30.19%(P<0.05),26.80%(P<0.05) respectively when compared with control,andcolon Lactoacilli number increased by 23.38%(P<0.05), 30.14%(P<0.05),25.11%(P<0.05) respectively when compared with control.
     The density of ammonia in excrement:compared with group A,the densityof ammonia in excrement in three experiment groups decreased by11.21%(P>0.05). 20.09%(P<0.05), 13.55%(P>0.05) respectively.
     The results suggested that feeding early weaning piglets with differ dosageUltra-fine Chinese Herbal feedstuff additive improved piglets growth andintestines performance,decreased the harm of intestines which because ofweaning hyperirritability,and decreased diarrhea frequcy.The best dosage ofUltra-fine Chinese Herbal feedstuff additive was 0.5%.
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