大黄堡湿地评价与景观修复技术研究
摘要
湿地是介于水生生态系统和陆生生态系统之间的一种特殊的生态系统,是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观和人类最重要的生存环境之一。随着环境演变,尤其是土地利用和土地覆盖等人类活动的影响,使得湿地面积缩小,生物多样性减少,功能也随之退化。因此开展湿地生态功能研究和动态监测对于湿地的保护、恢复和可持续利用具有重要意义。大黄堡湿地是北方地区原始地貌保存良好的湿地典型,植物区系组成比较丰富,具有鲜明的温带植物区系特点,优势种多,覆盖度大。具有丰富的盐生植物、纤维植物等资源。
本文以大黄堡湿地为例,对该湿地区域内的植物、浮游植物、鸟类、水生生物进行调查分析。在调查分析的基础上对大黄堡湿地的功能和价值进行评价,并确定了该湿地修复的方法。
研究表明,大黄堡湿地植物区系组成上以华北成分为主,有高等植物45科123属181种。其中,禾本科、菊科、豆科等为代表的草本植物占主要地位。该湿地的植物区系优势种多,典型的种类为芦苇、香蒲属以及沉水植物。其中芦苇的覆盖度可高达90%。
调查结果显示浮游植物共有6门25属40种,其中蓝藻门11种,隐藻门2种,甲藻门1种,裸藻门7种,硅藻门10种,绿藻门9种。优势种类为蓝藻门的小型色球藻;绿藻门的镰形纤维藻和四尾栅藻;硅藻门的短小舟行藻和尖头舟行藻;隐藻门的卵形隐藻。
保护区共有鸟类17目44科199种,占全国鸟类总种数的14.95%。其中国家保护鸟种多,共有38种。占天津保护鸟的55.67%。国家一级保护鸟类4种,国家保护二级鸟类34种。
水生生物调查显示,浮游动物生物量平均值为9.008mg/L,主要为桡足类、枝角类、无节幼体、轮虫类。底栖动物全年总平均密度为3060个/m~2,其中寡毛类1720个/m~2,摇蚊幼虫1207个/m~2,其他底栖动物126个/m~2。
根据调查结果,本文对大黄堡湿地的总价值进行了统计,其中直接使用价值40291.88万元,间接使用价值55147.1万元,非使用类价值1026000万元,大黄堡湿地总价值约为1121438.98万元。
根据水文、植被、动物及景观等要素条件,确定了大黄堡湿地退化区域及退化原因,通过芦苇复壮、水文修复等措施提高了大黄堡湿地经济效益,使湿地典型景观再现,提高了湿地观赏效果,改善了生态环境。
Wetlands are between aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems in a special eco-system is the most natural landscape and biological diversity, the ecological environment for the survival of mankind, one of the most important. With environmental evolution, particularly land use and land cover such as the impact of human activity, making the wet area of narrowing, loss of biodiversity, also will feature degradation. Thereby, ecological functions of wetlands and dynamic monitoring for wetlands protection, restoration and sustainable use of great significance. Dahuangpu northern wetlands are well-preserved original landscape typical of wetlands, rich in flora composition, with distinct characteristics of the temperate flora, dominant species and more, covering degree.Rich in salt plants, fiber plants, and other resources.
This paper Dahuangpu wetland, for example, within the wet area plants, phytoplankton, birds, aquatic organisms, investigation and analysis. Based on the analysis in the investigation of the Dahuangpu wetland functions and values assessment, and identified the wetland restoration methods.
The results show that Dahuangpu wetland flora composition mainly composed of North China, with 45 families 123 genera of higher plants 181. Among them, the Gramineae, Compositae, Leguminosae, represented by herbaceous plants such as dominant. The wetland flora of the dominant species more typical of the species are reed, Typha, and submerged plants. One reed coverage up to 90%.
Survey results show that phytoplankton Total 6 25 40 species, of which 11 species of Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta 2, 1 species of dinoflagellates, Euglenophyta 7, Bacillariophyta, 10 species of Chlorophyta 9. Cyanophyta were dominant species of small color sp; Chlorophyta sickle fiber and 4 algae Scenedesmus; diatom algae door and pointed a short boat trip boat trip algae; Cryptophyta oval hidden algae.
17 birds in protected areas, a total of 44 families and 199 species present, accounting for total number of species of birds of 14.95%. Protection of bird species of which many countries, a total of 38 species. Accounted for 55.67% of Tianjin to protect birds. 4 Protection of Birds at the national level, two birds, 34 species of national protection.
Aquatic biological survey, the average zooplankton biomass was 9.008mg / L, mainly copepods, cladocerans, nauplii, rotifer class. The average annual total benthic density of 3,060 / m~2, which oligochaetes 1720 / m~2, Chironomidae larvae 1207 / m~2, other benthic animals, 126 / m~2.
According to the survey results, the paper Dahuangpu the total value of wetlands, the statistics, which direct use value 402,918,800 yuan, indirect use value of 551.471 million yuan, 10.26 billion yuan worth of non-use category, the total value of wetlands Dahuangpu about 11,214,389,800 yuan.
According to hydrology, vegetation, animals and landscape elements of the conditions identified Dahuangpu wetland degradation, regional and degradation causes, through the reed rejuvenation, hydrological restoration measures such as improved Dahuangpu wetlands cost, so typical wetland landscape reproduction, improved wetland viewing to improve the ecological environment.
本文以大黄堡湿地为例,对该湿地区域内的植物、浮游植物、鸟类、水生生物进行调查分析。在调查分析的基础上对大黄堡湿地的功能和价值进行评价,并确定了该湿地修复的方法。
研究表明,大黄堡湿地植物区系组成上以华北成分为主,有高等植物45科123属181种。其中,禾本科、菊科、豆科等为代表的草本植物占主要地位。该湿地的植物区系优势种多,典型的种类为芦苇、香蒲属以及沉水植物。其中芦苇的覆盖度可高达90%。
调查结果显示浮游植物共有6门25属40种,其中蓝藻门11种,隐藻门2种,甲藻门1种,裸藻门7种,硅藻门10种,绿藻门9种。优势种类为蓝藻门的小型色球藻;绿藻门的镰形纤维藻和四尾栅藻;硅藻门的短小舟行藻和尖头舟行藻;隐藻门的卵形隐藻。
保护区共有鸟类17目44科199种,占全国鸟类总种数的14.95%。其中国家保护鸟种多,共有38种。占天津保护鸟的55.67%。国家一级保护鸟类4种,国家保护二级鸟类34种。
水生生物调查显示,浮游动物生物量平均值为9.008mg/L,主要为桡足类、枝角类、无节幼体、轮虫类。底栖动物全年总平均密度为3060个/m~2,其中寡毛类1720个/m~2,摇蚊幼虫1207个/m~2,其他底栖动物126个/m~2。
根据调查结果,本文对大黄堡湿地的总价值进行了统计,其中直接使用价值40291.88万元,间接使用价值55147.1万元,非使用类价值1026000万元,大黄堡湿地总价值约为1121438.98万元。
根据水文、植被、动物及景观等要素条件,确定了大黄堡湿地退化区域及退化原因,通过芦苇复壮、水文修复等措施提高了大黄堡湿地经济效益,使湿地典型景观再现,提高了湿地观赏效果,改善了生态环境。
Wetlands are between aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems in a special eco-system is the most natural landscape and biological diversity, the ecological environment for the survival of mankind, one of the most important. With environmental evolution, particularly land use and land cover such as the impact of human activity, making the wet area of narrowing, loss of biodiversity, also will feature degradation. Thereby, ecological functions of wetlands and dynamic monitoring for wetlands protection, restoration and sustainable use of great significance. Dahuangpu northern wetlands are well-preserved original landscape typical of wetlands, rich in flora composition, with distinct characteristics of the temperate flora, dominant species and more, covering degree.Rich in salt plants, fiber plants, and other resources.
This paper Dahuangpu wetland, for example, within the wet area plants, phytoplankton, birds, aquatic organisms, investigation and analysis. Based on the analysis in the investigation of the Dahuangpu wetland functions and values assessment, and identified the wetland restoration methods.
The results show that Dahuangpu wetland flora composition mainly composed of North China, with 45 families 123 genera of higher plants 181. Among them, the Gramineae, Compositae, Leguminosae, represented by herbaceous plants such as dominant. The wetland flora of the dominant species more typical of the species are reed, Typha, and submerged plants. One reed coverage up to 90%.
Survey results show that phytoplankton Total 6 25 40 species, of which 11 species of Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta 2, 1 species of dinoflagellates, Euglenophyta 7, Bacillariophyta, 10 species of Chlorophyta 9. Cyanophyta were dominant species of small color sp; Chlorophyta sickle fiber and 4 algae Scenedesmus; diatom algae door and pointed a short boat trip boat trip algae; Cryptophyta oval hidden algae.
17 birds in protected areas, a total of 44 families and 199 species present, accounting for total number of species of birds of 14.95%. Protection of bird species of which many countries, a total of 38 species. Accounted for 55.67% of Tianjin to protect birds. 4 Protection of Birds at the national level, two birds, 34 species of national protection.
Aquatic biological survey, the average zooplankton biomass was 9.008mg / L, mainly copepods, cladocerans, nauplii, rotifer class. The average annual total benthic density of 3,060 / m~2, which oligochaetes 1720 / m~2, Chironomidae larvae 1207 / m~2, other benthic animals, 126 / m~2.
According to the survey results, the paper Dahuangpu the total value of wetlands, the statistics, which direct use value 402,918,800 yuan, indirect use value of 551.471 million yuan, 10.26 billion yuan worth of non-use category, the total value of wetlands Dahuangpu about 11,214,389,800 yuan.
According to hydrology, vegetation, animals and landscape elements of the conditions identified Dahuangpu wetland degradation, regional and degradation causes, through the reed rejuvenation, hydrological restoration measures such as improved Dahuangpu wetlands cost, so typical wetland landscape reproduction, improved wetland viewing to improve the ecological environment.
引文
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