重庆地区电网覆冰划分依据与冰区图编制研究
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摘要
随着全球气候的变暖,覆冰对电力系统的危害日益突出,2008年中国南方地区发生历史罕见的冰灾,造成电网大面积停电,给国民生活造成了严重的危害。重庆市在2008年也遭受到冰灾侵袭,电网安全运行遭受到极大损害,研究输电线路覆冰防护,保护输电线路安全迫在眉睫。
电网冰灾事故原因主要为输电线路上的抗冰设计远低于实际冰厚。目前在人工实验室进行试验或模拟仿真的输电线路覆冰厚度都与现场覆冰厚度有较大差别。覆冰测量传感器自身也存在限制,导致测量的影响因素存在误差,使在计算导线覆冰厚度时出现偏差,不能展开有效地输电线路防冰、抗冰工作。本文基于重庆市2008年输电线路覆冰数据,根据重庆特殊的气候、地形条件和覆冰特征,确定出该地区的覆冰划分依据,对重庆全市覆冰区域进行合理划分,得出覆冰区域划分图。本文对输电线路的覆冰防护、新线路的设计和路径选择、旧线路的改造工作起着重要的指导作用,对电网的合理规划和科学设计有非常重要的意义,因此本文的研究具有重要的学术意义和工程应用价值。
根据重庆地区2008年输电线路覆冰及事故数据,对2008年冰灾发生的背景、原因及覆冰事故进行统计和分析,总结出重庆电网覆冰的特征。结合导线覆冰特征及影响因素,可确定出四个覆冰区域划分依据:环境温度、空气相对湿度、风和海拔高度。环境温度、空气相对湿度、风对导线覆冰的形成有着决定性影响,而不同海拔高度下,覆冰的各影响因素又存在差异,进而影响到导线覆冰厚度分布。根据环境温度、空气相对湿度、风这三个依据可划分出重庆各区县的覆冰区,再通过海拔高度覆冰模型来对覆冰区域进行详细划分,得出各地覆冰区域划分图。
重庆市地形复杂,微地形、微气候地点较多,对导线覆冰的严重影响;重庆河流湖泊遍布全市,水汽对导线覆冰的影响也不能忽略。所以本文针对这两种地形处对覆冰区域进行了校正,得出了全市合理、准确的覆冰区域划分图。
As the global climate getting warm, electric power system is damaged by icing that become increasingly prominent. A history rare icing disaster has happened in 2008 in Southern China caused large area power cut, done serious harm to national life. This ice disaster also happened in Chongqing. The safe of power grid suffered great damage. From that on, the power system icing study was beginning to be taken great attention. It’s important to study the icing on the release of the transmission line protection.
The designed anti-ice thickness much less than the actual ice thickness on the transmission line is the mainly cause of the accident ice storm. Present it’s quite different on the on-site ice thickness and the ice thickness in the artifical laboratory testing or simulation. The ice measurement sensors have their limit. There have errors when measure icing factors. It will lead the deviation when calculated ice thickness.If we can not accurately determine the actual ice on transmission line during the design, it will caused serious accidents. This article is based on the ice data on transmission line in Chongqing, 2008. According to the special climate, terrain condition and ice characteristica in Chongqing, we can determined the classified foundation of ice. It can have the ice zoning map by use the foundation. In this paper, the map palys an important role to the ice protection on transmission line, devise the new circuit and choose route and the transformation of the old line. It’s important for the rational planning and scientific design of power grid. So the study of this paper of icing level map realizes important academic significance and engineering application value. Accoiding to the transmission lines and ice accident data of the Chongqing region in 2008, analysing the background and causes of the ice accident occurred in 2008. It can summarize the characteristics of ice in Chongqing Power Grid. Taking into account the characteristics of lead ice and influencing factors, it can identify four ice zoning authority: ambient temperature, relative humidity, speed of the wind and altitude.
Ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind are the formation of ice leads the decisive factors. At different altitudes, ice and various influencing factors are different. In turn, this affects distribution of the ice thickness on the wires.According to the environmental temperature, relative humidity and the speed of zhe wind; It carved out of ice districts and counties in Chongqing region. Analysised ice elevation model and detailed breakdown of the ice region, we can drawed the region ice zoning map.
The terrain is complex in Chongqing. There are many number of micro-topography and micro-climate locations in Chongqing. The ice is more severe on the location of micro-topography and micro-climate. The rivers and lakes are all over the city. It can not be ignored the affect of water vapor on the ice of wire. So in this paper, we should use the two affect to correct the ice zoning of Chongqing. After that we can obtained a reasonable and accurate ice zoning map.
电网冰灾事故原因主要为输电线路上的抗冰设计远低于实际冰厚。目前在人工实验室进行试验或模拟仿真的输电线路覆冰厚度都与现场覆冰厚度有较大差别。覆冰测量传感器自身也存在限制,导致测量的影响因素存在误差,使在计算导线覆冰厚度时出现偏差,不能展开有效地输电线路防冰、抗冰工作。本文基于重庆市2008年输电线路覆冰数据,根据重庆特殊的气候、地形条件和覆冰特征,确定出该地区的覆冰划分依据,对重庆全市覆冰区域进行合理划分,得出覆冰区域划分图。本文对输电线路的覆冰防护、新线路的设计和路径选择、旧线路的改造工作起着重要的指导作用,对电网的合理规划和科学设计有非常重要的意义,因此本文的研究具有重要的学术意义和工程应用价值。
根据重庆地区2008年输电线路覆冰及事故数据,对2008年冰灾发生的背景、原因及覆冰事故进行统计和分析,总结出重庆电网覆冰的特征。结合导线覆冰特征及影响因素,可确定出四个覆冰区域划分依据:环境温度、空气相对湿度、风和海拔高度。环境温度、空气相对湿度、风对导线覆冰的形成有着决定性影响,而不同海拔高度下,覆冰的各影响因素又存在差异,进而影响到导线覆冰厚度分布。根据环境温度、空气相对湿度、风这三个依据可划分出重庆各区县的覆冰区,再通过海拔高度覆冰模型来对覆冰区域进行详细划分,得出各地覆冰区域划分图。
重庆市地形复杂,微地形、微气候地点较多,对导线覆冰的严重影响;重庆河流湖泊遍布全市,水汽对导线覆冰的影响也不能忽略。所以本文针对这两种地形处对覆冰区域进行了校正,得出了全市合理、准确的覆冰区域划分图。
As the global climate getting warm, electric power system is damaged by icing that become increasingly prominent. A history rare icing disaster has happened in 2008 in Southern China caused large area power cut, done serious harm to national life. This ice disaster also happened in Chongqing. The safe of power grid suffered great damage. From that on, the power system icing study was beginning to be taken great attention. It’s important to study the icing on the release of the transmission line protection.
The designed anti-ice thickness much less than the actual ice thickness on the transmission line is the mainly cause of the accident ice storm. Present it’s quite different on the on-site ice thickness and the ice thickness in the artifical laboratory testing or simulation. The ice measurement sensors have their limit. There have errors when measure icing factors. It will lead the deviation when calculated ice thickness.If we can not accurately determine the actual ice on transmission line during the design, it will caused serious accidents. This article is based on the ice data on transmission line in Chongqing, 2008. According to the special climate, terrain condition and ice characteristica in Chongqing, we can determined the classified foundation of ice. It can have the ice zoning map by use the foundation. In this paper, the map palys an important role to the ice protection on transmission line, devise the new circuit and choose route and the transformation of the old line. It’s important for the rational planning and scientific design of power grid. So the study of this paper of icing level map realizes important academic significance and engineering application value. Accoiding to the transmission lines and ice accident data of the Chongqing region in 2008, analysing the background and causes of the ice accident occurred in 2008. It can summarize the characteristics of ice in Chongqing Power Grid. Taking into account the characteristics of lead ice and influencing factors, it can identify four ice zoning authority: ambient temperature, relative humidity, speed of the wind and altitude.
Ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind are the formation of ice leads the decisive factors. At different altitudes, ice and various influencing factors are different. In turn, this affects distribution of the ice thickness on the wires.According to the environmental temperature, relative humidity and the speed of zhe wind; It carved out of ice districts and counties in Chongqing region. Analysised ice elevation model and detailed breakdown of the ice region, we can drawed the region ice zoning map.
The terrain is complex in Chongqing. There are many number of micro-topography and micro-climate locations in Chongqing. The ice is more severe on the location of micro-topography and micro-climate. The rivers and lakes are all over the city. It can not be ignored the affect of water vapor on the ice of wire. So in this paper, we should use the two affect to correct the ice zoning of Chongqing. After that we can obtained a reasonable and accurate ice zoning map.
引文
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[2] Imai I. Studies of Ice Accretion[J]. Snow Ice. 1953(1): 35-44.
[3] Kuroiwa D. Icing and Snow Accretion[J]. Monograph series of the Research Institute of Applied Electricity. 1958, 6.
[4]丁杰,刘倪,刘甜甜,等. 2008年南方冰灾及其成因分析[J].安徽农业科学. 2009, 37(09): 4162-4166.
[5]邵德军,侯慧,尹项根,等.从2008年南方地区雪灾看电力系统设备缺陷[J].高电压技术. 2009, 35(03): 584-590.
[6]徐焜耀,况军,吴彬.重庆输电线路覆冰的实时监测方案[J].中国电力教育. 2008(S3): 619-621.
[7]黄新波,刘家兵,蔡伟,等.电力架空线路覆冰雪的国内外研究现状[J].电网技术. 2008, 32(04): 23-28.
[8]蒋兴良,马俊,王少华,等.输电线路冰害事故及原因分析[J].中国电力. 2005, 38(11): 27-30.
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[15]邢毅,曾奕,盛戈皞.基于力学测量的架空输电线路覆冰监测系统[J].电力系统自动化. 2008, 32(23): 81-85.
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[19] Makkonen L. Comments on A Method for Rescaling Humidity Sensors at Temperatures Well below Freezing[J]. Notes and Correspondence. 1995, 13: 911-912.
[20] Drage M A, Hauge G. Atmospheric icing in a coastal mountainous terrain. Measurements and numerical simulations, a case study[J]. COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2008, 53(2): 150-161.
[21] Makkonen L. Estimating Intensity of Atmospheric Ice Accretion on Stationary Structures[J]. Journal OF Applied Meteorology. 1981(20): 595-600.
[22]黄新波,孙钦东,张冠军,等.线路覆冰与局部气象因素的关系[J].高压电器. 2008, 44(04): 289-294.
[23]陈家瑂.导、地线覆冰成因及影响因素的分析与思考[J].江西电力职业技术学院学报. 2008, 21(02): 7-9.
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[25]吴文辉.湖南电网覆冰输电线路跳闸事故分析及措施[J].高电压技术. 2006, 32(02): 110-111.
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[2] Imai I. Studies of Ice Accretion[J]. Snow Ice. 1953(1): 35-44.
[3] Kuroiwa D. Icing and Snow Accretion[J]. Monograph series of the Research Institute of Applied Electricity. 1958, 6.
[4]丁杰,刘倪,刘甜甜,等. 2008年南方冰灾及其成因分析[J].安徽农业科学. 2009, 37(09): 4162-4166.
[5]邵德军,侯慧,尹项根,等.从2008年南方地区雪灾看电力系统设备缺陷[J].高电压技术. 2009, 35(03): 584-590.
[6]徐焜耀,况军,吴彬.重庆输电线路覆冰的实时监测方案[J].中国电力教育. 2008(S3): 619-621.
[7]黄新波,刘家兵,蔡伟,等.电力架空线路覆冰雪的国内外研究现状[J].电网技术. 2008, 32(04): 23-28.
[8]蒋兴良,马俊,王少华,等.输电线路冰害事故及原因分析[J].中国电力. 2005, 38(11): 27-30.
[9] Goodwin E J, Mozer J D, Gioia A M D. Predicting Ice and Snow Loads for Transmission Line[Z]. 1983.
[10] Maeno N, Makkonen L, Nishimura K, et al. Growth rates of icicles[J]. Glaciol. 1994, 40: 319-326.
[11] Makkonen L. modeling of ice accretion on wires[J]. JOURNAL OF CLIMATE AND APPLIED METEOROLOGY. 1984, 23(6): 929-939.
[12]刘云迪,周迪,付俊萍.导线雨淞覆冰预测简单模型的研究[J].中国电机工程学报. 2001, 21(4): 44-47.
[13] Pruppacher H R, Klett J D. Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation[M]. Holland: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1996.
[14]黄新波,孙钦东,程荣贵.导线覆冰的力学分析与覆冰在线监测系统[J].电力系统自动化. 2007, 31(14): 89-101.
[15]邢毅,曾奕,盛戈皞.基于力学测量的架空输电线路覆冰监测系统[J].电力系统自动化. 2008, 32(23): 81-85.
[16] Ramsay B H. The interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system[J]. Hydrological Processes. 1998(12): 1537-1546.
[17]舒立春,王晓峰,蒋兴良.输电线路冰区划分方法分析[J].电力建设. 2009, 30(01): 44-46.
[18]潘晓春.中轻冰区输电线路设计冰厚分析计算[J].电力建设. 2008, 27(12): 31-33.
[19] Makkonen L. Comments on A Method for Rescaling Humidity Sensors at Temperatures Well below Freezing[J]. Notes and Correspondence. 1995, 13: 911-912.
[20] Drage M A, Hauge G. Atmospheric icing in a coastal mountainous terrain. Measurements and numerical simulations, a case study[J]. COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2008, 53(2): 150-161.
[21] Makkonen L. Estimating Intensity of Atmospheric Ice Accretion on Stationary Structures[J]. Journal OF Applied Meteorology. 1981(20): 595-600.
[22]黄新波,孙钦东,张冠军,等.线路覆冰与局部气象因素的关系[J].高压电器. 2008, 44(04): 289-294.
[23]陈家瑂.导、地线覆冰成因及影响因素的分析与思考[J].江西电力职业技术学院学报. 2008, 21(02): 7-9.
[24]周宏.庐山地区配电线路的覆冰特点及防御措施[J].电网技术. 2008, 32(06): 106-108.
[25]吴文辉.湖南电网覆冰输电线路跳闸事故分析及措施[J].高电压技术. 2006, 32(02): 110-111.
[26]刘常青王新军.青海高海拔地区高压输电线路覆冰特点分析及防范措施[J].青海电力. 2005, 24(04): 4-9.
[27]苑吉河,蒋兴良,易辉,等.输电线路导线覆冰的国内外研究现状[J].高电压技术. 2004, 30(01): 6-9.
[28]蒋兴良,张丽华.输电线路除冰防冰技术综述[J].高电压技术. 1997, 23(01): 73-76.
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