地震搜救行动手机主动探测方法的研究
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摘要
我国是一个地震多发国家,也是世界上蒙受地震灾害最为深重的国家之一。在重大地震灾害发生后,许多被压埋人员都是因为没有得到及时、有效的救助而死亡,因此震灾后及时展开紧急救援,是减少人员伤亡最有效的方法。而紧急救援中最核心的任务就是搜救被压埋在废墟中的群众,合理分配救援的人力、物力是实施高效救援的前提,这些部署依赖于地震灾害现场被压埋群众的位置、数量分布情况。随着社会的进步,信息技术的飞速发展,目前我国的移动电话用户已达77687.2万户,而在日常生活中,人们也已经习惯了随身携带手机。鉴于此,本文提出了一种新的搜救方法即通过探测被压埋者随身携带的手机发射的信号从而间接获得被掩埋者的位置信息。
首先,本文对现代蜂窝移动通信系统进行调研,了解网络端与手机的工作特点和规律。基于目前我国移动通信事业发展现状及趋势,本文分别谈论了GSM和CDMA两种制式。
由于地震后当地的通信网络被破坏、许多被废墟压埋的人员根本无法动弹等因素,所以被压埋者随身携带的手机应该都处于待机状态,为了实时、有效的探测到手机的信号就必须要采用诱发技术使手机主动的发出信号。利用伪基站诱发目标手机进入伪网络,通过广播不同的位置区号,当手机发现自己存储的位置区识别号与伪基站广播的不同时以为进入了新的位置区,于是向网络发送位置更新请求信息。搜救系统捕获该信息就可以知道手机的身份识别号,从而可以知道目标区内的手机数量。
其次,为了实现对手机的定位,结合地震灾害现场的实际情况,提出了一种适合地震搜救的定位方法。即搜救系统的发射端采用了电调下倾角天线,接收端采用了智能阵列天线。通过调整电调天线的下倾角度可以改变伪基站的覆盖范围,在不同的覆盖范围内触发位置更新可以获得不同范围内的手机数量,通过比较排查可以把手机确定在一定半径的圆环内,再由自适应智能天线系统测出手机信号的到达角度。由手机到基站的距离和信号的到达角度,就可以计算出手机的位置。它即保证了定位精度,又克服了传统DOA定位方法需要多个基站对信号进行测量操作复杂的缺点。
最后,对整个系统进行了系统设计,给出了设计原理框图,并对相关细节进行了详细描述。
本设计有别于传统的搜救定位方法,它是通过探测被压埋人员随身携带的手机从而间接获取被掩埋人员的位置信息。该搜救系统能解决目前搜救方式的单一性和不灵活性,特别是用在大面积灾区的搜救行动中,能体现出该系统的高效率。能迅速获取地震灾区被压埋人员数量及位置分布情况,从而为救援力量的部署和搜救行动提供指导。
China is an earthquake-prone country and is one of the countries which suffered the earthquake-ridden most. After the fatal earthquake disaster, many people buried beneath the ruins died because they did not receive timely and effective rescue, so to start emergency rescue in time after the earthquake, is the most effective way to reduce the casualties. The core task of emergency rescue is to search and rescue people buried beneath the rubble, the rational allocation of rescuer and material aid is the prerequisite for the implementation of effective rescue, this allocation depend on the location and number of local distribution of victims. With the progress of the society and the rapid development of information technology, at present, China’s mobile phone users reached 776.87 million, and in daily life, people have been used to carry mobile phones. In view of this, this paper presents a new search method that obtain the location of the buried by detecting signals from the carried mobile phones.
In this paper, we first, do research on modern cellular mobile communication systems to understand the features and laws of network side and mobile phone .Based on the development status and trends of China’s mobile communications business, GSM and CDMA standard are discussed in this paper respectively.
After the earthquake, the local communications network was destroyed, many buried staffs could not move and other factors, mobile phones are in standby mode. For real-time, effective to detect in standby mode phone’s signals, in this paper , induced technology is used to, make the phone transmit actively. Pseudo base station triggers target cell phone into the pseudo-network by broadcasting a different LA, when the phone finds its storage LA is different from the pseudo base station’s ,thinking to a new location area, they will send the location update request to the network. System captured this information can tell the phone identification number, and then can get the number of phones in the target area.
Secondly, combined with the actual situation of the earthquake disaster area, a location method is proposed to locate the mobile phone for earthquake search and rescue. The method is that the transmitter uses electrically tunable declinational angle antenna, the receiver uses a smart antenna array. By adjusting the electrical tilt angle of tunable antenna can change the pseudo-base station coverage area. Different numbers of phones are triggered in different coverage areas. By comparing the investigation, can determine the phone within a certain radius of the circle, then detect the cell phone signal’s arrival angle by adaptive smart antenna system. Though the distance from the phone to the base station and the signal arrival angle, we can calculate the location of the phone. This method not only ensures the positioning precision, but also overcome the disadvantage of the traditional DOA positioning method which requires couple base stations to measure the signal.
Finally, present the main structure of the system, given the design block diagram, and described the system design in detail.
首先,本文对现代蜂窝移动通信系统进行调研,了解网络端与手机的工作特点和规律。基于目前我国移动通信事业发展现状及趋势,本文分别谈论了GSM和CDMA两种制式。
由于地震后当地的通信网络被破坏、许多被废墟压埋的人员根本无法动弹等因素,所以被压埋者随身携带的手机应该都处于待机状态,为了实时、有效的探测到手机的信号就必须要采用诱发技术使手机主动的发出信号。利用伪基站诱发目标手机进入伪网络,通过广播不同的位置区号,当手机发现自己存储的位置区识别号与伪基站广播的不同时以为进入了新的位置区,于是向网络发送位置更新请求信息。搜救系统捕获该信息就可以知道手机的身份识别号,从而可以知道目标区内的手机数量。
其次,为了实现对手机的定位,结合地震灾害现场的实际情况,提出了一种适合地震搜救的定位方法。即搜救系统的发射端采用了电调下倾角天线,接收端采用了智能阵列天线。通过调整电调天线的下倾角度可以改变伪基站的覆盖范围,在不同的覆盖范围内触发位置更新可以获得不同范围内的手机数量,通过比较排查可以把手机确定在一定半径的圆环内,再由自适应智能天线系统测出手机信号的到达角度。由手机到基站的距离和信号的到达角度,就可以计算出手机的位置。它即保证了定位精度,又克服了传统DOA定位方法需要多个基站对信号进行测量操作复杂的缺点。
最后,对整个系统进行了系统设计,给出了设计原理框图,并对相关细节进行了详细描述。
本设计有别于传统的搜救定位方法,它是通过探测被压埋人员随身携带的手机从而间接获取被掩埋人员的位置信息。该搜救系统能解决目前搜救方式的单一性和不灵活性,特别是用在大面积灾区的搜救行动中,能体现出该系统的高效率。能迅速获取地震灾区被压埋人员数量及位置分布情况,从而为救援力量的部署和搜救行动提供指导。
China is an earthquake-prone country and is one of the countries which suffered the earthquake-ridden most. After the fatal earthquake disaster, many people buried beneath the ruins died because they did not receive timely and effective rescue, so to start emergency rescue in time after the earthquake, is the most effective way to reduce the casualties. The core task of emergency rescue is to search and rescue people buried beneath the rubble, the rational allocation of rescuer and material aid is the prerequisite for the implementation of effective rescue, this allocation depend on the location and number of local distribution of victims. With the progress of the society and the rapid development of information technology, at present, China’s mobile phone users reached 776.87 million, and in daily life, people have been used to carry mobile phones. In view of this, this paper presents a new search method that obtain the location of the buried by detecting signals from the carried mobile phones.
In this paper, we first, do research on modern cellular mobile communication systems to understand the features and laws of network side and mobile phone .Based on the development status and trends of China’s mobile communications business, GSM and CDMA standard are discussed in this paper respectively.
After the earthquake, the local communications network was destroyed, many buried staffs could not move and other factors, mobile phones are in standby mode. For real-time, effective to detect in standby mode phone’s signals, in this paper , induced technology is used to, make the phone transmit actively. Pseudo base station triggers target cell phone into the pseudo-network by broadcasting a different LA, when the phone finds its storage LA is different from the pseudo base station’s ,thinking to a new location area, they will send the location update request to the network. System captured this information can tell the phone identification number, and then can get the number of phones in the target area.
Secondly, combined with the actual situation of the earthquake disaster area, a location method is proposed to locate the mobile phone for earthquake search and rescue. The method is that the transmitter uses electrically tunable declinational angle antenna, the receiver uses a smart antenna array. By adjusting the electrical tilt angle of tunable antenna can change the pseudo-base station coverage area. Different numbers of phones are triggered in different coverage areas. By comparing the investigation, can determine the phone within a certain radius of the circle, then detect the cell phone signal’s arrival angle by adaptive smart antenna system. Though the distance from the phone to the base station and the signal arrival angle, we can calculate the location of the phone. This method not only ensures the positioning precision, but also overcome the disadvantage of the traditional DOA positioning method which requires couple base stations to measure the signal.
Finally, present the main structure of the system, given the design block diagram, and described the system design in detail.
引文
[1]陈维锋,王云基,顾建华,彭晋川.地震灾害搜索救援理论与方法[M].北京:地震出版社,2008.
[2]于山.唐山大地震震后救援与恢复重建[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[3] Ajay R Mishra.蜂窝网络高级规划与优化2G/2.5G/3G向4G的演进[M].胡建村,韦再雪,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[4]李方伟.移动通信系统认证协议与密码技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[5]韩斌杰.GSM原理及其网络优化[M].北京:机械工业出版社。
[6]张威.GSM网络优化——原理与工程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010.
[7]摩托罗拉工程学院,常永宇等.CDMA2000-1X网络技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[8]李万英.CDMA蜂窝移动通信与网络安全[M].袁超伟,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[9] John B.Groe, Lawrence E.Larson.CDMA移动无线电设计[M].杨家玮,刘勤,刘静,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[10]宋俊德,战晓苏.3G原理、系统与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[11]高鹏,赵培,陈庆涛.3G技术问答[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
[12]中兴通讯股份有限公司.TD-SCDMA无线系统原理与实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007
[13]北京中网华通设计咨询有限公司.CDMA网络工程设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[14] John B.Groe, Lawrence E.Larson.CDMA移动无线电设计[M].杨家玮,刘勤,刘静,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[15]刘鸣,袁超伟,贾宁,黄韬.智能天线技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[16] JOSEPHC.LIBERTI,JR.,THEODORE S.RAPPAPORT无线通信中的智能天线[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[17]宋俊德,战晓苏.3G原理、系统与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[18]苏华鸿,孙儒石,杨孜勤,王秉钧.蜂窝移动通信射频工程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[19] Mischa Schwartz..移动无线通信[M].许希斌,李云洲,译北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[20]李文峰,韩晓冰,汪仁,张登福.现代应急通信技术[M]..陕西,西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[21] Warren L.Stutzman ,Gary A.Thiele.天线理论与设计[M].朱守正,安同一,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[22]蔡涛,李旭,杜振民.无线通信原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[23]钱善华,葛世荣,王永胜,王勇,柳昌庆.救灾机器人的研究现状及煤矿救灾的应用[J] .机器人,2006(3):350一354.
[24]胥飞燕,郭大江,高嵩,郭勇.基于伪基站诱发技术的震区被压埋生命体分布和搜救系统研究[J].电子元器件应用,2009,8(11):34-36.
[25]朱大立.一种基于诱发技术的移动电话主动探测方案[J].移动通信,2006,1:107-109.
[26]郑裕峰.定位GSM用户的一种方法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2008.6(6):1066-1069.
[27]丁有志.基于伪基站的CDMA移动通信系统对抗技术研究[J].通信对抗,2008,2:41-43.
[28]郭榕.16单元蜂窝移动通信双频基站天线设计[J].微波学报,2007,12(6):48-51.
[29]宋书祥.基站天线的下倾角研究及工具开发[J].山东通信技术,2007,12(4):39-41.
[30]顾建华,陈维锋,郝清源.地震灾害现场救援搜索策略与搜索方法有关问题的讨论.国际地震动态.2003(6).
[31]中华人民共和国通信行业标准.YD/T855.21-1996 900MHz TDMA数字蜂窝移动通信网无线接口:信令部分[S].
[32]中华人民共和国通信行业标准.YDC CDMA2000数字蜂窝移动通信网基站子系统与核心网间接口技术规范(第三部分)[S]
[33]陈川.利用手机信号进行生命探测的研究与系统设计[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[34]侯远超.地震灾害搜救系统的搜索行动能力评价研究[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[35]吴骏涛.CDMA蜂窝网无线定位关键技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2004.
[36]荆巍.基于TDOA和AOA的无线通信系统[D].电子科技大学,2004.
[37]刘雪梅.基于第三代移动通信的蜂窝网无线定位技术的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2004.
[2]于山.唐山大地震震后救援与恢复重建[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[3] Ajay R Mishra.蜂窝网络高级规划与优化2G/2.5G/3G向4G的演进[M].胡建村,韦再雪,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[4]李方伟.移动通信系统认证协议与密码技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[5]韩斌杰.GSM原理及其网络优化[M].北京:机械工业出版社。
[6]张威.GSM网络优化——原理与工程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2010.
[7]摩托罗拉工程学院,常永宇等.CDMA2000-1X网络技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[8]李万英.CDMA蜂窝移动通信与网络安全[M].袁超伟,译.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[9] John B.Groe, Lawrence E.Larson.CDMA移动无线电设计[M].杨家玮,刘勤,刘静,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[10]宋俊德,战晓苏.3G原理、系统与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[11]高鹏,赵培,陈庆涛.3G技术问答[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2009.
[12]中兴通讯股份有限公司.TD-SCDMA无线系统原理与实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007
[13]北京中网华通设计咨询有限公司.CDMA网络工程设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[14] John B.Groe, Lawrence E.Larson.CDMA移动无线电设计[M].杨家玮,刘勤,刘静,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[15]刘鸣,袁超伟,贾宁,黄韬.智能天线技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[16] JOSEPHC.LIBERTI,JR.,THEODORE S.RAPPAPORT无线通信中的智能天线[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[17]宋俊德,战晓苏.3G原理、系统与应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008.
[18]苏华鸿,孙儒石,杨孜勤,王秉钧.蜂窝移动通信射频工程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[19] Mischa Schwartz..移动无线通信[M].许希斌,李云洲,译北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[20]李文峰,韩晓冰,汪仁,张登福.现代应急通信技术[M]..陕西,西安电子科技大学出版社,2007.
[21] Warren L.Stutzman ,Gary A.Thiele.天线理论与设计[M].朱守正,安同一,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[22]蔡涛,李旭,杜振民.无线通信原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999.
[23]钱善华,葛世荣,王永胜,王勇,柳昌庆.救灾机器人的研究现状及煤矿救灾的应用[J] .机器人,2006(3):350一354.
[24]胥飞燕,郭大江,高嵩,郭勇.基于伪基站诱发技术的震区被压埋生命体分布和搜救系统研究[J].电子元器件应用,2009,8(11):34-36.
[25]朱大立.一种基于诱发技术的移动电话主动探测方案[J].移动通信,2006,1:107-109.
[26]郑裕峰.定位GSM用户的一种方法[J].小型微型计算机系统,2008.6(6):1066-1069.
[27]丁有志.基于伪基站的CDMA移动通信系统对抗技术研究[J].通信对抗,2008,2:41-43.
[28]郭榕.16单元蜂窝移动通信双频基站天线设计[J].微波学报,2007,12(6):48-51.
[29]宋书祥.基站天线的下倾角研究及工具开发[J].山东通信技术,2007,12(4):39-41.
[30]顾建华,陈维锋,郝清源.地震灾害现场救援搜索策略与搜索方法有关问题的讨论.国际地震动态.2003(6).
[31]中华人民共和国通信行业标准.YD/T855.21-1996 900MHz TDMA数字蜂窝移动通信网无线接口:信令部分[S].
[32]中华人民共和国通信行业标准.YDC CDMA2000数字蜂窝移动通信网基站子系统与核心网间接口技术规范(第三部分)[S]
[33]陈川.利用手机信号进行生命探测的研究与系统设计[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[34]侯远超.地震灾害搜救系统的搜索行动能力评价研究[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[35]吴骏涛.CDMA蜂窝网无线定位关键技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2004.
[36]荆巍.基于TDOA和AOA的无线通信系统[D].电子科技大学,2004.
[37]刘雪梅.基于第三代移动通信的蜂窝网无线定位技术的研究[D].哈尔滨工程大学,2004.