龙门山地区山地旅游的可持续发展研究
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摘要
目前,资源短缺、环境污染和生态恶化,已成为摆在世界各国面前的一个重大问题;经济发展、资源利用及环境保护所构成的矛盾已成为当今世界各国所面临的重大挑战。旅游业是一个对资源和环境严重依赖的行业。在旅游业迅速发展但又出现众多矛盾和困境的今天,要遵循"天人合一"的哲学思想,重视旅游业的可持续发展,在保护自然环境、生态环境的前提下开发旅游资源,是旅游业健康发展的正确途径。
山地旅游又叫山地生态旅游(Mountain Ecotourism),是当今国际旅游发展最快的重要内容。龙门山作为世界第三种造山奇观与阿尔卑斯山齐名,但区内旅游资源富集、特色鲜明,生物多样性和文化多元性却明显优于阿尔卑斯山。虽然“5.12”大地震给龙门山带来了灾难性的破坏,但同时也增加了一项世界级旅游资源——“5.12地震遗址遗迹”,产生了巨大的国际影响力。
论文根据生态文明和可持续发展理念,在对比分析龙门山地区震前震后旅游资源基础上,评价龙门山山地旅游开发的适宜性,即龙门山资源本底评价和龙门山旅游资源开发评价,以突显其发展山地旅游的相对优势。
借助四川灾后重建和扩大内需机遇,对比分析国际山地旅游开发典型案例、科学的开发理念和在旅游管理、保护、开发和建设上的成功经验。针对震后龙门山地区的实际情况,同时借鉴国内外灾后旅游重建的几个典型,本文最终设计了三个适合龙门山地区山地旅游的可持续发展模式。即突出地质旅游资源,人文旅游资源,山岳型旅游资源。最后则从地震旅游资源的建设方面论述了通过建设地震博物馆等作为旅游资源的永久存在,保证旅游业的长久持续发展。
At present, the shortage of resources, environmental pollution and ecological deterioration are becoming the major problems for all the countries in the world. And the conflicts caused by the economic development, resource utilization and environmental protection are becoming a big issue that all the countries have to face. Tourism is the kind of industry that based on a huge amount of resources and environment sectors. Nowadays, with the rapid development of tourism, the conflicts and difficult situations have shoot up, the proper way to develop the tourism industry, is to obey the“Human combines to Nature”‘s philosophy idea, to put more emphasis on the sustainable development of tourism, and to develop tourism resources under the protection of the natural environment, the premise of the ecological environment principles
Mountain Tourism which is also called Mountain Ecotourism is the key part that is currently being developed most quickly in the world. Being the third type of orogenic spectacle, Longmen Mountain is as well known as the Alps, but it excels the Alps for its rich tourist resources, distinctive features, and biological and cultural diversity. Although the“5.12”earthquake has brought catastrophic damage to Longmen Mountain, it also provides a world-class tourism resource,“Ruins of“5.12”Earthquake”, which has made an international influence.
Following the ecological civilization and the idea of substantial development, the paper evaluates the adequacy of Longmen Mountain to develop mountain tourism based on the comparison and analyses between the tourist resources before and after the earthquake, to show its comparative advantages.
With the great opportunity to rebuilt and expand domestic demand in Sichuan after the disaster and learning from the successful cases abroad, the paper finally designs three modes for the substantial development of mountain tourism in Longmen Mountain, which is to highlight its geological tourism resources, cultural tourism resources and mountain tourism resources. At last, from the aspect of earthquake tourism recourses development, the paper suggests ensuring the long-term substantial development of tourism through building up earthquake museums as perpetuating tourism resources.
山地旅游又叫山地生态旅游(Mountain Ecotourism),是当今国际旅游发展最快的重要内容。龙门山作为世界第三种造山奇观与阿尔卑斯山齐名,但区内旅游资源富集、特色鲜明,生物多样性和文化多元性却明显优于阿尔卑斯山。虽然“5.12”大地震给龙门山带来了灾难性的破坏,但同时也增加了一项世界级旅游资源——“5.12地震遗址遗迹”,产生了巨大的国际影响力。
论文根据生态文明和可持续发展理念,在对比分析龙门山地区震前震后旅游资源基础上,评价龙门山山地旅游开发的适宜性,即龙门山资源本底评价和龙门山旅游资源开发评价,以突显其发展山地旅游的相对优势。
借助四川灾后重建和扩大内需机遇,对比分析国际山地旅游开发典型案例、科学的开发理念和在旅游管理、保护、开发和建设上的成功经验。针对震后龙门山地区的实际情况,同时借鉴国内外灾后旅游重建的几个典型,本文最终设计了三个适合龙门山地区山地旅游的可持续发展模式。即突出地质旅游资源,人文旅游资源,山岳型旅游资源。最后则从地震旅游资源的建设方面论述了通过建设地震博物馆等作为旅游资源的永久存在,保证旅游业的长久持续发展。
At present, the shortage of resources, environmental pollution and ecological deterioration are becoming the major problems for all the countries in the world. And the conflicts caused by the economic development, resource utilization and environmental protection are becoming a big issue that all the countries have to face. Tourism is the kind of industry that based on a huge amount of resources and environment sectors. Nowadays, with the rapid development of tourism, the conflicts and difficult situations have shoot up, the proper way to develop the tourism industry, is to obey the“Human combines to Nature”‘s philosophy idea, to put more emphasis on the sustainable development of tourism, and to develop tourism resources under the protection of the natural environment, the premise of the ecological environment principles
Mountain Tourism which is also called Mountain Ecotourism is the key part that is currently being developed most quickly in the world. Being the third type of orogenic spectacle, Longmen Mountain is as well known as the Alps, but it excels the Alps for its rich tourist resources, distinctive features, and biological and cultural diversity. Although the“5.12”earthquake has brought catastrophic damage to Longmen Mountain, it also provides a world-class tourism resource,“Ruins of“5.12”Earthquake”, which has made an international influence.
Following the ecological civilization and the idea of substantial development, the paper evaluates the adequacy of Longmen Mountain to develop mountain tourism based on the comparison and analyses between the tourist resources before and after the earthquake, to show its comparative advantages.
With the great opportunity to rebuilt and expand domestic demand in Sichuan after the disaster and learning from the successful cases abroad, the paper finally designs three modes for the substantial development of mountain tourism in Longmen Mountain, which is to highlight its geological tourism resources, cultural tourism resources and mountain tourism resources. At last, from the aspect of earthquake tourism recourses development, the paper suggests ensuring the long-term substantial development of tourism through building up earthquake museums as perpetuating tourism resources.
引文
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[22]徐淑升,吴舜泽等.国内外灾后重建经验与启示[J].环境保护.2008.13
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[25]解文波.飓风袭击之后美国如何开展灾后重建工作[J].现代职业安全.2008.7
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[27]印开蒲.沿威逊之路,重返中国西部花园[J].中国西部.2004.6
[28]姚辉.文化旅游:震后四川旅游业发展的方向[J].经济研究导刊.2008.15
[29]岳培宇.国内城镇灾后重建经验梳理[J].西部广播电视.2008.6
[30]李晓琴.龙门山国家地质公园保护与开发整合研究(D).成都理工大学,2003,7
[31]刘海洋.国家重点公园保护与控制研究(D).上海.同济大学,2008,3
[32]马吉山.从国外国家公园制度看我国风景名胜区的保护[D].中国海洋大学.2006,6
[33]陈瑾.论我国风景资源管理体制——国家公园体系的建立[D].四川大学.2003,5
[34] Richard Forbes.American National Parks[M].China light Industry Press,2003
[35] Shafer C L. National Park and reserve planning to protect biological diversity:some basic elements[J].Landscape and Urban Planning.1999.44
[36] ZhaoTing,ZhaoXun.Geoscience for the public:Geotopes and National GeoParks in Germany [J].地质学报:英文版.2004.3
[37] YangZhao LuLin.Analysis of Social Integration Models of Tourism Labor Migrants --A Case Study of Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province, China[J].中国地理科学:英文版2008.2
[38] R.B.Singh D.K.Mishra.Green Tourism in Mountain Regions - Reducing Vulnerability and Promoting People and Place Centric Development in the Himalayas[J].山地科学学报:英文版2004.1
[39] ChenLiang,ZhaoChun,HuangWeiping.Relationship between Tourism Development and Ecological Protection in Songshan National Nature Reserve, Beijing City[J].中国林业科技:英文版.2008.2
[2]安培浚,张志强,高峰等.世界部分地区重大地震灾后重建经验[J].科学新闻.2008.11
[3]陈宇琳.阿尔卑斯山地区的政策演变及瑞士经验评述与启示.
[4]林龙飞.环境哲学与旅游可持续发展综述.求索.2006.10
[5]杜受枯.用科学发展观指导四川灾后重建[J].四川省情,2008.6
[6]方一平.试论汶川地震灾后重建的9大关系[J].山地学报.2008.7
[7]高建国.丽江地震的启示[J].防灾博览.2002.6
[8]国发2008121号.国务院关于支持汶川地震灾后恢复重建政策措施的意见[z].国务院公报,2008.19
[9]丁晓蕾.我国生态旅游可持续发展问题研究[D].南京农业大学, 2001 .
[10]贾燕.地震灾区恢复重建研究——以农村地震为例[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所.2006
[11]贾二凤.从国外抗灾教训看汶川灾后重建[J].中国减灾.2008. 8
[12]刘志.灾后重建规划国际经验漫谈[J].城市交通.2008.3
[13]丽江市建设局.“三步”走出丽江震后的废墟——记丽江“2.3”地震恢复重建工作[J].中国建设信息.2008.11
[14]李丽清.丽江7.0级地震后的思考与启示[J].四川地震.1999.3
[15]莫言锋.灾后重建应多借鉴海外经验[J].中国社会导刊.2008.17
[16]马耀峰,宋保平,赵振斌等.旅游资源开发[M].北京:科学出版社.2005.1
[17]彭真怀.灾后重建的几点思考[J].宏观经济管理,2008.7
[18]仇保兴.借鉴日本经验求解四川灾后规划重建的若干难题[J].城市规划学刊.2008.6
[19]孙克勤.四川汶川地震灾后世界遗产保护与旅游重建[J].北京第二外国语学院学报.2008.9
[20]台湾云林科技大学设计学研究所专项课题组.台湾9·21地震灾后重建启示[J].商界:中国商业评论.2008.7
[21]王兰军.借鉴丽江经验搞好汶川大地震的灾后重建[J].中国金融.2008.16
[22]徐淑升,吴舜泽等.国内外灾后重建经验与启示[J].环境保护.2008.13
[23]徐百柯.台湾灾后重建的启示[J].中国减灾.2008.8
[24]肖晋,张建忠.论国际抗震救灾的管理体系与我国灾后重建的主要抓手[J].中国住宅设施.2008.8
[25]解文波.飓风袭击之后美国如何开展灾后重建工作[J].现代职业安全.2008.7
[26]袁力,董蕾,韩玉姬.论地震灾后复兴山地运动旅游[J].成都大学学报(自然科学版).2008.12
[27]印开蒲.沿威逊之路,重返中国西部花园[J].中国西部.2004.6
[28]姚辉.文化旅游:震后四川旅游业发展的方向[J].经济研究导刊.2008.15
[29]岳培宇.国内城镇灾后重建经验梳理[J].西部广播电视.2008.6
[30]李晓琴.龙门山国家地质公园保护与开发整合研究(D).成都理工大学,2003,7
[31]刘海洋.国家重点公园保护与控制研究(D).上海.同济大学,2008,3
[32]马吉山.从国外国家公园制度看我国风景名胜区的保护[D].中国海洋大学.2006,6
[33]陈瑾.论我国风景资源管理体制——国家公园体系的建立[D].四川大学.2003,5
[34] Richard Forbes.American National Parks[M].China light Industry Press,2003
[35] Shafer C L. National Park and reserve planning to protect biological diversity:some basic elements[J].Landscape and Urban Planning.1999.44
[36] ZhaoTing,ZhaoXun.Geoscience for the public:Geotopes and National GeoParks in Germany [J].地质学报:英文版.2004.3
[37] YangZhao LuLin.Analysis of Social Integration Models of Tourism Labor Migrants --A Case Study of Jiuhua Mountain of Anhui Province, China[J].中国地理科学:英文版2008.2
[38] R.B.Singh D.K.Mishra.Green Tourism in Mountain Regions - Reducing Vulnerability and Promoting People and Place Centric Development in the Himalayas[J].山地科学学报:英文版2004.1
[39] ChenLiang,ZhaoChun,HuangWeiping.Relationship between Tourism Development and Ecological Protection in Songshan National Nature Reserve, Beijing City[J].中国林业科技:英文版.2008.2