对峨眉假俭草生长及绿期影响
摘要
峨眉假俭草是一种四川野生种质资源，经过多年栽培选育具有很高的坪用价值。一般扦插生根成活率低，生长、成坪较慢，颜色质地较差，青绿期短。本试验采用列区法，设叶施N、Fe、N+Fe三种处理，N肥用分析纯尿素，Fe肥用EDTA-Fe(7.45克，乙二胺四乙酸二钠加上5.57克Fe-7H2O溶于1升水)，N的梯度为0、2、4、6g/m~2，Fe的梯度为0、0.4、0.6、0.81/m~2，N+Fe按上述相应梯度结合进行同期喷施，在不同季节用不同浓度的不同肥料对峨眉假俭草草坪进行施肥，观测测定叶施N，施Fe对假俭草生长发育及青绿期的影响。结果表明：
1.用4％的尿素溶液处理插穗，提高了扦插成活率24％，促进了根系的形成，4％N+Fe溶液处理插穗成活率可提高32％，且使根系深化。
2.叶施N、施Fe都促进了假俭草的分蘖。叶施N使假俭草生长速度增加17—32％，成坪提前12—25d；叶施0.6l/m~2的Fe也可使草坪提前25d成坪，但浓度过高则延缓成坪。
3.在不同的季节叶施肥，草坪表现为不同的提高品质的方式：春季叶施6g/m~2N使草坪的盖度、密度、均一性增加；夏季叶施0.6l/m~2的Fe使草坪的密度、颜色、均一性提高；秋季叶施4g/m~2N+0.6l/m~2Fe使草坪的青绿期延长。
4.夏季叶施Fe使草坪叶片变短变窄变厚，草坪自然降低0.5—0.8cm,可用叶施Fe来提高草坪的景观效果；也使草坪的根系分布范围扩大，增加了假俭草草坪的抗旱性。
5.秋季叶施Fe、N+Fe可提高体内抗寒指标性物质的含量，叶施0.6l/m~2Fe或4g/m~2N+0.6l/m~2Fe，可使草坪草体内脯氨酸、可溶性糖类、过氧化氢酶的含量分别提声25％、310％、180％和41％、182％、160％。
6.秋季叶施Fe、N+Fe可延缓衰老、使枯黄期推迟2—6d，翌年草坪提前4—8d返青，尤其4g/m~2N+0.6l/m~2Fe可使假俭草草坪的青绿期达325d,比对照的310d延长了15d。
Abstract: E-mei centipedegrass is a wild idioplasm resource of Sichuan. It is a
kinds of warm season turf grass of leanness and low management tolerating . It having low survive rate, slow growth velocity , low turf quality , unpleasant color and short green stage at the prophase of turf establishment when stolon segment was used as the turf establishing material. In this study tier-divisor was used to design the examination. N, Fe,N+Fe as three treament of leaf fertilization. Pure urea and EDTA-Fe were used to supply N,Fe. The treatment degree of N is 0, 2 ,4, 6g/m2, of Fe is 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.81/m2, N+Fe was supply at the same stage using the correspond content of N and Fe. At different season, supplying the turf with different fertilization of different contents. The effects of supplying N,Fe at leaf to the development, and green period has been analyzed. Result show that:
1 .Treatting the stolon segment material with Urea solution of 4% concentration can improve suiviving rate by 24%, improve root development. Treating with N+Fe solution of 4% concentration can improve shoot segment survive rate by 32%, and gain deepen roots system.
2.Leaf fertilizer with N, Fe all can improve tillerring of centipedegrass. Supplying N on leaf improve growth velocity by 17-32%. Bring foreword establishment date 12-25 day; supplying Fe of 0.611/m concentration can bring establishment date 25 day. But if the concentration is too high, the supply will bring backword establishment date.
3.At different season, can improve turf quality at different style.: spring supplying with N of 6g/m2 makes turf improve at coverage, density, uniformity. Supplying at
41
summer with Fe of 0.611/m2 can improving density, color, uniformity of turf. When supplying autumn with N of 4g/m2 and 0.61/m2 of Fe together, the green periods can be prolong.
4.Turf leaf lamina comes shorter, narrower and thicker, if supplying Fe on leaf surface at summer. It makes Canopy height lower by 0.5-0.8cm, so we can improve sight effect of turf by supplying Fe. The distribution range of roots extended, so the drought tolerance improved.
5. Suppying Fe, N+Fe at autumn can improve the content of matter correlated with cold tolerance. Fe Fertilizing with concentration of 0.61/m2 or fertilize with 4g/m2 of N + 0.61/m2 of Fe can improve contents of proline, soluble carbohydrate and catalase by 25%, 310%, 180% and by 41%, 182%, 160%.
6.Fe, N+Fe fertilizing at autumn can delay caducity, put scorch date backward by 2-6 day. Bring Regreen date foreward by 4-8 day at second year. Especially treatment of 4g/m2 N+0.61/m2 Fe can makes green periods reach 325 day, excesses comparison 15 day
1.用4％的尿素溶液处理插穗，提高了扦插成活率24％，促进了根系的形成，4％N+Fe溶液处理插穗成活率可提高32％，且使根系深化。
2.叶施N、施Fe都促进了假俭草的分蘖。叶施N使假俭草生长速度增加17—32％，成坪提前12—25d；叶施0.6l/m~2的Fe也可使草坪提前25d成坪，但浓度过高则延缓成坪。
3.在不同的季节叶施肥，草坪表现为不同的提高品质的方式：春季叶施6g/m~2N使草坪的盖度、密度、均一性增加；夏季叶施0.6l/m~2的Fe使草坪的密度、颜色、均一性提高；秋季叶施4g/m~2N+0.6l/m~2Fe使草坪的青绿期延长。
4.夏季叶施Fe使草坪叶片变短变窄变厚，草坪自然降低0.5—0.8cm,可用叶施Fe来提高草坪的景观效果；也使草坪的根系分布范围扩大，增加了假俭草草坪的抗旱性。
5.秋季叶施Fe、N+Fe可提高体内抗寒指标性物质的含量，叶施0.6l/m~2Fe或4g/m~2N+0.6l/m~2Fe，可使草坪草体内脯氨酸、可溶性糖类、过氧化氢酶的含量分别提声25％、310％、180％和41％、182％、160％。
6.秋季叶施Fe、N+Fe可延缓衰老、使枯黄期推迟2—6d，翌年草坪提前4—8d返青，尤其4g/m~2N+0.6l/m~2Fe可使假俭草草坪的青绿期达325d,比对照的310d延长了15d。
Abstract: E-mei centipedegrass is a wild idioplasm resource of Sichuan. It is a
kinds of warm season turf grass of leanness and low management tolerating . It having low survive rate, slow growth velocity , low turf quality , unpleasant color and short green stage at the prophase of turf establishment when stolon segment was used as the turf establishing material. In this study tier-divisor was used to design the examination. N, Fe,N+Fe as three treament of leaf fertilization. Pure urea and EDTA-Fe were used to supply N,Fe. The treatment degree of N is 0, 2 ,4, 6g/m2, of Fe is 0, 0.4, 0.6, 0.81/m2, N+Fe was supply at the same stage using the correspond content of N and Fe. At different season, supplying the turf with different fertilization of different contents. The effects of supplying N,Fe at leaf to the development, and green period has been analyzed. Result show that:
1 .Treatting the stolon segment material with Urea solution of 4% concentration can improve suiviving rate by 24%, improve root development. Treating with N+Fe solution of 4% concentration can improve shoot segment survive rate by 32%, and gain deepen roots system.
2.Leaf fertilizer with N, Fe all can improve tillerring of centipedegrass. Supplying N on leaf improve growth velocity by 17-32%. Bring foreword establishment date 12-25 day; supplying Fe of 0.611/m concentration can bring establishment date 25 day. But if the concentration is too high, the supply will bring backword establishment date.
3.At different season, can improve turf quality at different style.: spring supplying with N of 6g/m2 makes turf improve at coverage, density, uniformity. Supplying at
41
summer with Fe of 0.611/m2 can improving density, color, uniformity of turf. When supplying autumn with N of 4g/m2 and 0.61/m2 of Fe together, the green periods can be prolong.
4.Turf leaf lamina comes shorter, narrower and thicker, if supplying Fe on leaf surface at summer. It makes Canopy height lower by 0.5-0.8cm, so we can improve sight effect of turf by supplying Fe. The distribution range of roots extended, so the drought tolerance improved.
5. Suppying Fe, N+Fe at autumn can improve the content of matter correlated with cold tolerance. Fe Fertilizing with concentration of 0.61/m2 or fertilize with 4g/m2 of N + 0.61/m2 of Fe can improve contents of proline, soluble carbohydrate and catalase by 25%, 310%, 180% and by 41%, 182%, 160%.
6.Fe, N+Fe fertilizing at autumn can delay caducity, put scorch date backward by 2-6 day. Bring Regreen date foreward by 4-8 day at second year. Especially treatment of 4g/m2 N+0.61/m2 Fe can makes green periods reach 325 day, excesses comparison 15 day
引文
[1] 徐柱，中国禾草属志[M]。呼和浩特：内蒙古出版社，1997
[2] 谭继清，中国草坪与地被。重庆：重庆出版社，1999
[3] 吴家海等，优良天然草坪地被植物——假俭草的研究。中国园林，2000(3)
[4] 张志国，草坪建植与管理。济南：山东科学技术出版社，1998
[5] 刘建秀，贺善安，暖季型草坪草种种质资源的研究及利用。园林畜牧学——草原与牧草，1996(3)：12-20
[6] 胡中华，刘师汉，草坪与地被植物。北京： 中国林业出版社，1998
[7] Duedeck,A.E.Peacook,C.H. Companion grass and much influences on baniagrass,centipedegrass,and St. Augustion Grass Establishment. Journal of the American society for horticultural science, 1986,111 (6):844-848
[8]. Johnson,B.J.,Gayyow, R.W. Ferequency of frtilizer applications and centipedegrass performance,Agron.J.1988,(80): 925-929
[9] Johnson,B.J,Bums,R.N.,Carrow, R.N. Response of shade grown turfgrass to frticizer treatments. Research bulletin agricultural experiment station,University of Georgia, 1986,(35o): 16
[10] Evans,W.M.Sethoxydim for weed control in centipedegrass. Proceedings,southern weed science society, 39th annual meeting, 1986, 146
[11] Turner ,D.L. Miller, K.J. Dickens,R.Effcts of repeated atrazine applications on ceatipedegrass sod.1984,Proceedings,southern weed science society, 37th annual meeting, 14
[12] 余玲，王彦荣，温度、光照、发芽床对假俭草种子萌发的影响。草业科学，1994，11(6)：52-55
[13] 翁启勇等，假俭草的病害种类及症状。国外畜牧学——草原与牧草，1996，(1)：12-13
[14] 白史且等， 四川野生草坪草生物学特性概述。四川草原，1997，(1)：30-33
[15] 任健，毛凯，假俭草的抗性。草业科学，1998，(10)：62-65
[16] 任健，毛凯，四川野生假俭草引种栽培试验研究。四川草原，2002，(1)：28-29
[17] Johnson,J.B. Influence of plant growth regulator and moving on two bermuagass. Agron. J. 1994,86:805-810
[18] 毛凯，李西，蒋艳君，不同土壤基质对野生峨眉假俭草成坪初期生长的影响。草原与草坪，2002，(10)：44--46
[19] 周寿荣，草坪地被植物与人类环境。成都：四川科学技术出版社，1996，82
[20] 刘辉民等，草坪科学与研究。甘肃人民出版社 1998
[21] 李银等，草坪绿地规划设计与建植管理技术。甘肃民族出版社，1998
[22] 甘肃农业大学草原系，草原与牧草实习实验指导书。甘肃科学技术出版社，1998
[23] Johnson,B.J;Corrow, RN.Influence of frtilizer applications and centipedegrass performance.Agronomy Journal. 1988,80:6,925-929:7
[24] Carrow, RN;Johnson,BJ;Landry, GW, Jr. Centipedegrass decline and recarey as affcted by frtilizer and cultural treatments. Agronomy Journal. 1988,80:3,479-486:10
[25] James B.Beard. Michigan state university, Turfgrass science and culture. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Englewood cliffs,N.J. 1973
[26] 白宝璋，史芝文，植物生理学。北京：中国科学技术出版社，1992
[27] Carrow, R.N.;Johnson,B.J.,Response of centipedegrass to plant grown regulator and iron treatment combination. Applied Agricultural research. 1990,(5):21-26
[28] Carrow, R.N.,Johnson,B.J.,Landry, GW.Jr.,Centipedegrass response to foliar application of iron and nitrogen.Agronomy Journal,1988,80:5,746-750:8
[29] 潘瑞枳，植物生理学。北京：高等教育出版社，1984
[30] A.J. Turgeen. Turfgrass Mangement.(fourth Edition).Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River,New Jersey 07458
[31] Beritenbeck,G.Weils,W.Thatch decompostition in Southern turfgrass,Louisiana Agriculture, 1988,32:1,6-723
[32] OERTLI,J.J. 1963,Nutrient disorders in turfgrass,California Turfgrass culture,3(3): 17-19
[33] Sartairi,J.B. Volk,B.G. Influence of selected white-rot fungi and topdressings on the composition of thatch components of four turfgrass.Agron. J.1984,76:3,359-362
[34]范彦，雅安地区三种野生草坪地被植物耐阴性及引种栽培的研究。毕业论文，1998
[35]阎隆飞，李明启，基础生物化学。北京：农业出版社，1983
[36]王海生，尿素及EDTA-Fe对高羊茅草坪草绿期的影响。中国园林，2000(4)：72-73
[37]甘肃农业大学草原系，草原生态化学实习实验指导书。内部发行，1985
[38]荣廷昭，田间试验与统计分析。北京：中国农业科技出版社，1998
[39]王荣富，植物抗寒性指标的种类及其应用。植物生理学报，1987(3)：49-55
[40]翁才浩，张国平，作物的营养施肥与诊断技术。江西科学技术出版社，1988
[41]张巨明，任继周，暖季型草坪草营养建坪方法研究。草业学报，1997，(3)：38-43
[42]熊庆娥，植物生理实验。四川农业大学植物生理课程组印，1998
[43]白宝璋，汤学军，植物生理学测试技术。北京：中国科学技术出版社，1993
[44]王小丽等，生化实验指导。四川农业大学生化教研室。1998
[45]孙吉雄，草坪技术指南。北京：科学技术文献出版社。1999
[46]魏臻武，范占炼，王槐三。不同类型草坪草的抗寒锻炼。草业科学，1997，14(3)：62-66
[47]周保鑫，孙吉雄，兰州地区常用冷地型草坪草绿期观测实验。甘肃农业大学学报，193，128~*2)：166-168
[48]潘瑞炽，董愚得。植物生理学。高等教育出版社，1979
[49]李科云，谭建雄。早熟禾与假俭苹间植草坪效果观察。草业科学，1994，11(1)：61-63
[50]韩烈保，田地等，草坪建植与管理手册。北京：中国林业出版社，1993
[2] 谭继清，中国草坪与地被。重庆：重庆出版社，1999
[3] 吴家海等，优良天然草坪地被植物——假俭草的研究。中国园林，2000(3)
[4] 张志国，草坪建植与管理。济南：山东科学技术出版社，1998
[5] 刘建秀，贺善安，暖季型草坪草种种质资源的研究及利用。园林畜牧学——草原与牧草，1996(3)：12-20
[6] 胡中华，刘师汉，草坪与地被植物。北京： 中国林业出版社，1998
[7] Duedeck,A.E.Peacook,C.H. Companion grass and much influences on baniagrass,centipedegrass,and St. Augustion Grass Establishment. Journal of the American society for horticultural science, 1986,111 (6):844-848
[8]. Johnson,B.J.,Gayyow, R.W. Ferequency of frtilizer applications and centipedegrass performance,Agron.J.1988,(80): 925-929
[9] Johnson,B.J,Bums,R.N.,Carrow, R.N. Response of shade grown turfgrass to frticizer treatments. Research bulletin agricultural experiment station,University of Georgia, 1986,(35o): 16
[10] Evans,W.M.Sethoxydim for weed control in centipedegrass. Proceedings,southern weed science society, 39th annual meeting, 1986, 146
[11] Turner ,D.L. Miller, K.J. Dickens,R.Effcts of repeated atrazine applications on ceatipedegrass sod.1984,Proceedings,southern weed science society, 37th annual meeting, 14
[12] 余玲，王彦荣，温度、光照、发芽床对假俭草种子萌发的影响。草业科学，1994，11(6)：52-55
[13] 翁启勇等，假俭草的病害种类及症状。国外畜牧学——草原与牧草，1996，(1)：12-13
[14] 白史且等， 四川野生草坪草生物学特性概述。四川草原，1997，(1)：30-33
[15] 任健，毛凯，假俭草的抗性。草业科学，1998，(10)：62-65
[16] 任健，毛凯，四川野生假俭草引种栽培试验研究。四川草原，2002，(1)：28-29
[17] Johnson,J.B. Influence of plant growth regulator and moving on two bermuagass. Agron. J. 1994,86:805-810
[18] 毛凯，李西，蒋艳君，不同土壤基质对野生峨眉假俭草成坪初期生长的影响。草原与草坪，2002，(10)：44--46
[19] 周寿荣，草坪地被植物与人类环境。成都：四川科学技术出版社，1996，82
[20] 刘辉民等，草坪科学与研究。甘肃人民出版社 1998
[21] 李银等，草坪绿地规划设计与建植管理技术。甘肃民族出版社，1998
[22] 甘肃农业大学草原系，草原与牧草实习实验指导书。甘肃科学技术出版社，1998
[23] Johnson,B.J;Corrow, RN.Influence of frtilizer applications and centipedegrass performance.Agronomy Journal. 1988,80:6,925-929:7
[24] Carrow, RN;Johnson,BJ;Landry, GW, Jr. Centipedegrass decline and recarey as affcted by frtilizer and cultural treatments. Agronomy Journal. 1988,80:3,479-486:10
[25] James B.Beard. Michigan state university, Turfgrass science and culture. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,Englewood cliffs,N.J. 1973
[26] 白宝璋，史芝文，植物生理学。北京：中国科学技术出版社，1992
[27] Carrow, R.N.;Johnson,B.J.,Response of centipedegrass to plant grown regulator and iron treatment combination. Applied Agricultural research. 1990,(5):21-26
[28] Carrow, R.N.,Johnson,B.J.,Landry, GW.Jr.,Centipedegrass response to foliar application of iron and nitrogen.Agronomy Journal,1988,80:5,746-750:8
[29] 潘瑞枳，植物生理学。北京：高等教育出版社，1984
[30] A.J. Turgeen. Turfgrass Mangement.(fourth Edition).Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River,New Jersey 07458
[31] Beritenbeck,G.Weils,W.Thatch decompostition in Southern turfgrass,Louisiana Agriculture, 1988,32:1,6-723
[32] OERTLI,J.J. 1963,Nutrient disorders in turfgrass,California Turfgrass culture,3(3): 17-19
[33] Sartairi,J.B. Volk,B.G. Influence of selected white-rot fungi and topdressings on the composition of thatch components of four turfgrass.Agron. J.1984,76:3,359-362
[34]范彦，雅安地区三种野生草坪地被植物耐阴性及引种栽培的研究。毕业论文，1998
[35]阎隆飞，李明启，基础生物化学。北京：农业出版社，1983
[36]王海生，尿素及EDTA-Fe对高羊茅草坪草绿期的影响。中国园林，2000(4)：72-73
[37]甘肃农业大学草原系，草原生态化学实习实验指导书。内部发行，1985
[38]荣廷昭，田间试验与统计分析。北京：中国农业科技出版社，1998
[39]王荣富，植物抗寒性指标的种类及其应用。植物生理学报，1987(3)：49-55
[40]翁才浩，张国平，作物的营养施肥与诊断技术。江西科学技术出版社，1988
[41]张巨明，任继周，暖季型草坪草营养建坪方法研究。草业学报，1997，(3)：38-43
[42]熊庆娥，植物生理实验。四川农业大学植物生理课程组印，1998
[43]白宝璋，汤学军，植物生理学测试技术。北京：中国科学技术出版社，1993
[44]王小丽等，生化实验指导。四川农业大学生化教研室。1998
[45]孙吉雄，草坪技术指南。北京：科学技术文献出版社。1999
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