高油玉米秸秆青贮品质分析和营养价值评价
摘要
本实验(1)以151份青贮和风干玉米秸秆为材料，研究应用近红外反射光谱技术测定玉米秸秆品质性状的可行性和方法(2)以18个高油和12个普通玉米品种研究不同品种在不同成熟期的秸秆生物产量大小及青贮营养成分和消化率的变化规律，结果如下：
1．本研究根据偏最小二乘(Partial Least Square，PLS)分析法，在国内首次建立了近红外反射光谱测定玉米秸秆的纤维素、木质素、ADF(酸性洗涤纤维)和灰分含量的定量分析模型，上述性状的模型定标决定系数(R_(cal)~2)分别为96.68、89.49、94.73、92.1，模型的外部验证决定系数(R_(val)~2)可达80.77(灰分含量)～94.55(ADF含量)；预测均方差(RMSEP)为1.34g／kg(纤维素含量)～12.5g／kg(ADF含量)。此外，还利用15个玉米秸秆材料对上述4个模型的实际预测效果进行验证，预测值与化学值之间的相关系数(R)分别达0.99(纤维素含量)、0.99(ADF含量)、0.98(木质素含量)和0.93(灰分含量)，模型的测定值与化学测定值相当，表明近红外反射光谱技术测定玉米秸秆营养成分是可行的。
2．本研究大部分品种在收获期鲜秸杆DM含量均可达到青贮要求，单株秸杆鲜重389.31—1358.17g，单株秸杆干重146.28-362.75g。不同成熟期的平均秸秆鲜重有一定差异，其中M2的最高，M1次之，M3最低，高油玉米秸秆具有较高的含糖量。
3．本研究表明不同品种与成熟期对青贮秸秆的营养成分和消化率具有极显著的影响。其中消化率排在前15位的品种中高油玉米占2／3，且大都在M3具有高的消化率。
4．玉米青贮秸秆的ADF含量、木质素含量、木质化程度(g／gADF)、纤维素、灰分含量与消化率均呈显著负相关，其中ADF含量、木质化程度和灰分含量与消化率相关系数分别为-0.63，-0.60，-0.60。
The objectives of this study were:(1) to investigate the feasibility and methods of measuring quality of corn stalk with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) by using 151 powdery silage and air-dry stalk samples of maize hybrids(2) to study the yield, silage nutrition component and digestibility of different varieties and mature stage corn stalk with 18 high-oil and 12 normal varieties. The results were as follows:
1. The calibration equations for quantitative determination of cellulose,lignin,ADF and mineral concentration of corn stalk were developed in China by partial least square regression (PLS) of chemical values on NIRS data and tested through both cross and external validation. The calibration coefficients of determination (R2cal) between NIRS and chemical values are 96.68, 89.49, 94.73, 92.1 respectively,the external validation coefficients of determination (R2cval) ranged from 80.77 for mineral to 94.55 for ADF, while the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) from 1.34g/kg for cellulose to 12.5g/kg for ADF. In addition, 15 additional samples of com stalk excluded in calibration and validation sets were used to evaluate the calibration equations' performance. Coefficients of correlation(R) between NIRS predicted values and chemical values were 0.99(cellulose concentration), 0.99(ADF concentration), 0.98(lignin concentration) and 0.93(mineral concentration). So,this study showed that NIRS was feasible to determine nutrition component of corn stalk.
2.Dry matter(DM%) of all varieties ranged 25%~70%, single stalk fresh weight ranged 389.31~ 1358. 17g and single stalk dry weight ranged 146.28~362.75g. Average stalk fresh weights of different maturity were different and the highest at 3/4 milkline,next at 2/4 milkline ,the least at 4/4 milkline. High-oil corn stalk had higher water-solubility sugar concentration(WSC)compared with that of normal corn.
3. Hybrid, and maturity had obvious effects on the chemical ingredient and digestibility of stalk in this experement.And two-third of anterior fifteen high digestibility varieties were high-oil corn.
4.Significant negative correlation were found between digestibility and ADF, lignin, cellulose, mineral concentration and lignification degree(g/gADF) of silage stalk, and coefficients of correlation between ADF, lignification degree, mineral concentration and digestibility were -0.63,-0.60,-0.60 respectively.
1．本研究根据偏最小二乘(Partial Least Square，PLS)分析法，在国内首次建立了近红外反射光谱测定玉米秸秆的纤维素、木质素、ADF(酸性洗涤纤维)和灰分含量的定量分析模型，上述性状的模型定标决定系数(R_(cal)~2)分别为96.68、89.49、94.73、92.1，模型的外部验证决定系数(R_(val)~2)可达80.77(灰分含量)～94.55(ADF含量)；预测均方差(RMSEP)为1.34g／kg(纤维素含量)～12.5g／kg(ADF含量)。此外，还利用15个玉米秸秆材料对上述4个模型的实际预测效果进行验证，预测值与化学值之间的相关系数(R)分别达0.99(纤维素含量)、0.99(ADF含量)、0.98(木质素含量)和0.93(灰分含量)，模型的测定值与化学测定值相当，表明近红外反射光谱技术测定玉米秸秆营养成分是可行的。
2．本研究大部分品种在收获期鲜秸杆DM含量均可达到青贮要求，单株秸杆鲜重389.31—1358.17g，单株秸杆干重146.28-362.75g。不同成熟期的平均秸秆鲜重有一定差异，其中M2的最高，M1次之，M3最低，高油玉米秸秆具有较高的含糖量。
3．本研究表明不同品种与成熟期对青贮秸秆的营养成分和消化率具有极显著的影响。其中消化率排在前15位的品种中高油玉米占2／3，且大都在M3具有高的消化率。
4．玉米青贮秸秆的ADF含量、木质素含量、木质化程度(g／gADF)、纤维素、灰分含量与消化率均呈显著负相关，其中ADF含量、木质化程度和灰分含量与消化率相关系数分别为-0.63，-0.60，-0.60。
The objectives of this study were:(1) to investigate the feasibility and methods of measuring quality of corn stalk with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) by using 151 powdery silage and air-dry stalk samples of maize hybrids(2) to study the yield, silage nutrition component and digestibility of different varieties and mature stage corn stalk with 18 high-oil and 12 normal varieties. The results were as follows:
1. The calibration equations for quantitative determination of cellulose,lignin,ADF and mineral concentration of corn stalk were developed in China by partial least square regression (PLS) of chemical values on NIRS data and tested through both cross and external validation. The calibration coefficients of determination (R2cal) between NIRS and chemical values are 96.68, 89.49, 94.73, 92.1 respectively,the external validation coefficients of determination (R2cval) ranged from 80.77 for mineral to 94.55 for ADF, while the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) from 1.34g/kg for cellulose to 12.5g/kg for ADF. In addition, 15 additional samples of com stalk excluded in calibration and validation sets were used to evaluate the calibration equations' performance. Coefficients of correlation(R) between NIRS predicted values and chemical values were 0.99(cellulose concentration), 0.99(ADF concentration), 0.98(lignin concentration) and 0.93(mineral concentration). So,this study showed that NIRS was feasible to determine nutrition component of corn stalk.
2.Dry matter(DM%) of all varieties ranged 25%~70%, single stalk fresh weight ranged 389.31~ 1358. 17g and single stalk dry weight ranged 146.28~362.75g. Average stalk fresh weights of different maturity were different and the highest at 3/4 milkline,next at 2/4 milkline ,the least at 4/4 milkline. High-oil corn stalk had higher water-solubility sugar concentration(WSC)compared with that of normal corn.
3. Hybrid, and maturity had obvious effects on the chemical ingredient and digestibility of stalk in this experement.And two-third of anterior fifteen high digestibility varieties were high-oil corn.
4.Significant negative correlation were found between digestibility and ADF, lignin, cellulose, mineral concentration and lignification degree(g/gADF) of silage stalk, and coefficients of correlation between ADF, lignification degree, mineral concentration and digestibility were -0.63,-0.60,-0.60 respectively.
引文
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