预应力混凝土槽型梁在公路桥梁中的应用
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摘要
桥梁是公路和城市道路建设中的重要组成部分，特别是大、中型桥梁对国家的政治、经济，国防都具有重要意义。近年来，我国公路建设事业迅猛发展，尤其是国内高速公路建设的发展，作为公路建设的重要组成部分，桥梁建设也得到了相应发展，出现了多种多样的桥梁形式。预应力混凝土槽形梁结构是一种具有特殊结构形式的新型桥梁结构，与传统的预应力混凝土桥梁结构相比，如箱形梁、T形梁等，它具有高度低、引桥长度短、节省土地资源占用、工程投资少以及建设工程量少等优势，特别适合在平原地区，可利用土地资源稀少以及对桥梁净高要求有限制的条件下进行建造。
该领域的许多研究表明预应力混凝土槽形梁与其他形式桥梁结构相比，具有明显的缺点，如抗扭转能力差、剪力滞后效应大等。影响了预应力混凝土槽型梁在桥梁建设中的应用。国内在理论上对槽型梁结构的扭转，剪力滞后效应的研究尚不充分，目前预应力混凝土槽形梁在国内公路桥梁中尚未推广。
本文中首先以E. Reissner在箱形梁的剪滞效应提出能量变分法作为基础，对槽型梁的剪滞效应问题提出了一套理论分析方法，对整个梁在不同载荷作用下的剪滞效应进行计算分析，并考虑了槽型梁截面几何特性及材料参数对剪滞效应的影响；文中同时建立了槽型梁扭转分析理论，在考虑槽型梁几何参数的情况下，对简支槽型梁的抗扭性能及其整体稳定性进行分析和计算。
文中还结合预应力槽型梁结构的邓洲桥工程实例，在考虑邓洲桥的梁自重、预应力以及车载在不同组合情况下，采用有限元分析软件ANSYS6.0版对其进行有限元数值分析。并对数值模拟分析计算结果与理论计算结果进行比较，获得非常好的一致性；这就证明了文中建立的理论方法对槽型梁的剪滞效应和扭转分析是可行的，为今后的预应力混凝土槽形梁结构形式的推广应用打下了坚实的理论基础。
Bridge was an important part in the construction of highway and city road, especially, the great and fit- size bridges had an important meaning to a country's politics, economy and national defense. Recent years, the construction project of domestic highroad, especially the highway had been developed quickly. As an important part of the highroad, the construction of the bridges had also been developed, emerging many types of bridges structure. The Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam was a newly type bridge structure, it had many merits compared with the traditional pre-stress concrete bridge structure like box-shape and T-shape beam, including low height, short length of the bridge approach, saving soil resource, lower project investment and shorten engineering structure period and so on, it also fitted to be applied to plain region and the places which limited the utilized soil resource and the bridge required net-height.
Many research indicated that the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure had many disadvantage compared with other type bridges, such as poor torsion resisting ability, the big lag effect of shearing force etc, affecting the application of the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure in bridges. In our country, the research about the torsion and the shear-lag of the U-Shaped Beam structure was insufficient so that the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam hadn't been popularized in domestic roadrbridges.
In this paper, firstly a set of analysis theory method based on the energy Variational Method brought forward by E. Reissners about the shear-lag effect of box-beam was applied to the shear-lag effect problems to calculate and analyse the shear-lag effect of the full beam under different load. The influence of the geometry of the U-shape section and the material parameter on the shear-lag effect was also taken into account. At the same time, a set of torsion analysis theory was set up to calculate and analyse the torsion resisting ability and its whole stabilities.
The project of DengZhou bridge using Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure was considered in this paper, using finite element analysis software ANSYS6.0 to make numerical analysis under different combined loads such as the self-weight of the beam, pre-stress and the weight of the trucks. Well agreement was obtained between the result of numerical analysis and the result of theory research, these results proved that the theory method built in this paper to analyse the shear-lag effect and the torsion of the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure was feasible, which builts a stability theory for the popularization of the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure for the future.
该领域的许多研究表明预应力混凝土槽形梁与其他形式桥梁结构相比，具有明显的缺点，如抗扭转能力差、剪力滞后效应大等。影响了预应力混凝土槽型梁在桥梁建设中的应用。国内在理论上对槽型梁结构的扭转，剪力滞后效应的研究尚不充分，目前预应力混凝土槽形梁在国内公路桥梁中尚未推广。
本文中首先以E. Reissner在箱形梁的剪滞效应提出能量变分法作为基础，对槽型梁的剪滞效应问题提出了一套理论分析方法，对整个梁在不同载荷作用下的剪滞效应进行计算分析，并考虑了槽型梁截面几何特性及材料参数对剪滞效应的影响；文中同时建立了槽型梁扭转分析理论，在考虑槽型梁几何参数的情况下，对简支槽型梁的抗扭性能及其整体稳定性进行分析和计算。
文中还结合预应力槽型梁结构的邓洲桥工程实例，在考虑邓洲桥的梁自重、预应力以及车载在不同组合情况下，采用有限元分析软件ANSYS6.0版对其进行有限元数值分析。并对数值模拟分析计算结果与理论计算结果进行比较，获得非常好的一致性；这就证明了文中建立的理论方法对槽型梁的剪滞效应和扭转分析是可行的，为今后的预应力混凝土槽形梁结构形式的推广应用打下了坚实的理论基础。
Bridge was an important part in the construction of highway and city road, especially, the great and fit- size bridges had an important meaning to a country's politics, economy and national defense. Recent years, the construction project of domestic highroad, especially the highway had been developed quickly. As an important part of the highroad, the construction of the bridges had also been developed, emerging many types of bridges structure. The Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam was a newly type bridge structure, it had many merits compared with the traditional pre-stress concrete bridge structure like box-shape and T-shape beam, including low height, short length of the bridge approach, saving soil resource, lower project investment and shorten engineering structure period and so on, it also fitted to be applied to plain region and the places which limited the utilized soil resource and the bridge required net-height.
Many research indicated that the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure had many disadvantage compared with other type bridges, such as poor torsion resisting ability, the big lag effect of shearing force etc, affecting the application of the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure in bridges. In our country, the research about the torsion and the shear-lag of the U-Shaped Beam structure was insufficient so that the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam hadn't been popularized in domestic roadrbridges.
In this paper, firstly a set of analysis theory method based on the energy Variational Method brought forward by E. Reissners about the shear-lag effect of box-beam was applied to the shear-lag effect problems to calculate and analyse the shear-lag effect of the full beam under different load. The influence of the geometry of the U-shape section and the material parameter on the shear-lag effect was also taken into account. At the same time, a set of torsion analysis theory was set up to calculate and analyse the torsion resisting ability and its whole stabilities.
The project of DengZhou bridge using Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure was considered in this paper, using finite element analysis software ANSYS6.0 to make numerical analysis under different combined loads such as the self-weight of the beam, pre-stress and the weight of the trucks. Well agreement was obtained between the result of numerical analysis and the result of theory research, these results proved that the theory method built in this paper to analyse the shear-lag effect and the torsion of the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure was feasible, which builts a stability theory for the popularization of the Pre-stress Concrete U-Shaped Beam structure for the future.
引文
[1] 邵旭东，钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土桥梁承载能力的系统识别和计算．1997．3
[2] 胡永志，陈丹阳，汪涪钦．运营铁路桥梁承载力和稳定安全度仿真分析方法的研究．河南交通科技．1999．6
[3] 刘自明．桥梁结构模型试验研究．桥梁建设．1999．4
[4] 姚玲森，桥梁工程．人民交通出版社
[5] 刘自明．桥梁结构模型试验研究．桥梁建设．1999．4
[6] 彭大文，王忠．连续弯箱梁剪滞效应分析和实用计算法研究．中国公路学报．1998．7
[7] 吴维导，陈光辉．50m 预应力槽型梁预制工作平台的施工工艺．广西交通科技．2001．3
[8] 李坚．我国预应力混凝土连续梁桥的发展与工程实践．中国市政工程．1999．4
[9] 张志刚．预应力混凝土槽型梁产生裂缝的原因浅析．铁道建筑．1998．5
[10] Ommitte Euro- International Du Beton. Fatigue of concrete structures. Bulletin D'INFORMATION, CEB, Dubrovnik, 1988. (188)
[11] Petro SH, Chen Shen-En. Damage Detection Using Vibration Measurement. In. Proc. of1 5th Intel Moda Analys is Conference, USA. 1997:113～119
[12] Liang Z, Lee G C. On Detection of Damage Location of Bridge. In Proc. of 15th Inte] Moda Analys is Conference, USA. 1997:308～3132
[13] Adeli H, Zhang J. Fully Nonlinear Analysis of Composite Girder Cable-Stayed Bridges[J]. Computer &Structures. 1995,54(2):267—277
[14] Aly S Nazmy, Ahmed M, Abdel- Ghaffar. Three-dimension Nonlinear Static Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges[J]. Computer &Structures. 1990.34(2)
[15] Chen Z Q, Agar T JA. Geomletric Nonlinear Analysis of Flexible Spatial Beam Structures [J]. Computer&Structures, 1993,49(6)
[16] 杨允表．曲线箱梁剪滞效应及有效宽度的理论分析[J]．东南大学学报．1994．24(3)：20～27
[17] 刘小燕．槽型宽翼压弯构建的剪滞效应分析[J]．长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版)．1999．14(2)：167～170
[18] 张士铎．箱型薄壁梁剪力滞效应[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．1998
[19] 李阳初．浅谈预应力剪滞力对桥梁的影响．湖南交通科技．2000．9
[20] 张方银，汤京朋．大跨度桥梁弯扭耦合抖振响应分析．中国铁道科学．1998．2
[21] 李阳初．浅谈预应力剪力滞对桥梁的影响．湖南交通科技．2000．9
[22] 贺拴海，宋一凡，黎宝松，杨炳成．海珠大桥静动力分析与荷载实验研究．西安公路交通大学学报．1997．9
[23] 保石才．预应力混凝土简支梁的反拱度计算．云南交通科技．1999．4
[24] 宋一凡，周彦军，贺拴海．钢筋混凝土梁的动刚度分析．西安公路交通大学学报．1998．10
[25] 徐艳秋，许克宾，王岚．预应力混凝土箱梁抗扭强度理论计算方法．内蒙古工业大学学报．1999 1
[26] 徐秀丽 宗曙东 预应力混凝土结构设计中几个问题的探讨 南京建筑工程学院学报 1999年第1期
[27] 潘晓民．预应力曲线梁的实用计算方法．宁波大学学报．1997．2
[28] 郑海荣．预应力混凝土空心板梁的温度应力分析．力学与实践．1999．21
[29] 陈振富，綦春明．预应力钢筋张拉力检测新方法．建筑技术开发．1998．2
[30] 郭咏辉，贺国京．桥梁结构非线性静力分析．铁道学报．2000．4
[31] 单炜．预应力度控制部分预应力混凝土桥梁设计的研究．东北林业大学学报．1998．3
[32] 龚尧南，王寿梅．结构分析中的非线性有限元素法[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1986
[33] 保石才．预应力混凝土简支梁的反拱度计算．1999．4
[34] 陈振富，綦春明．预应力钢筋张拉力检测新方法．建筑技术开发．1998．1
[35] 王彦明，董新梅，王永征．桥梁结构中主梁绝对最大弯矩的计算．山东交通科技．1999 2
[36] 谭志勇，吴素春．桥梁结构的力学特性测试与分析计算．强度与环境．2000．3
[37] 洪宏兴．移动贝雷支架逐孔分段现浇在桥梁施工中的应用．中国港湾建设．2000．1
[38] 曹曼红，刘光明．预应力混凝土桥梁裂缝的成因分析及维修加固．国外公路．1999．2
[39] 肖长礼，周冬久，魏道平．桥梁上部结构承载能力评定．河南交通科技．1999．5
[2] 胡永志，陈丹阳，汪涪钦．运营铁路桥梁承载力和稳定安全度仿真分析方法的研究．河南交通科技．1999．6
[3] 刘自明．桥梁结构模型试验研究．桥梁建设．1999．4
[4] 姚玲森，桥梁工程．人民交通出版社
[5] 刘自明．桥梁结构模型试验研究．桥梁建设．1999．4
[6] 彭大文，王忠．连续弯箱梁剪滞效应分析和实用计算法研究．中国公路学报．1998．7
[7] 吴维导，陈光辉．50m 预应力槽型梁预制工作平台的施工工艺．广西交通科技．2001．3
[8] 李坚．我国预应力混凝土连续梁桥的发展与工程实践．中国市政工程．1999．4
[9] 张志刚．预应力混凝土槽型梁产生裂缝的原因浅析．铁道建筑．1998．5
[10] Ommitte Euro- International Du Beton. Fatigue of concrete structures. Bulletin D'INFORMATION, CEB, Dubrovnik, 1988. (188)
[11] Petro SH, Chen Shen-En. Damage Detection Using Vibration Measurement. In. Proc. of1 5th Intel Moda Analys is Conference, USA. 1997:113～119
[12] Liang Z, Lee G C. On Detection of Damage Location of Bridge. In Proc. of 15th Inte] Moda Analys is Conference, USA. 1997:308～3132
[13] Adeli H, Zhang J. Fully Nonlinear Analysis of Composite Girder Cable-Stayed Bridges[J]. Computer &Structures. 1995,54(2):267—277
[14] Aly S Nazmy, Ahmed M, Abdel- Ghaffar. Three-dimension Nonlinear Static Analysis of Cable-Stayed Bridges[J]. Computer &Structures. 1990.34(2)
[15] Chen Z Q, Agar T JA. Geomletric Nonlinear Analysis of Flexible Spatial Beam Structures [J]. Computer&Structures, 1993,49(6)
[16] 杨允表．曲线箱梁剪滞效应及有效宽度的理论分析[J]．东南大学学报．1994．24(3)：20～27
[17] 刘小燕．槽型宽翼压弯构建的剪滞效应分析[J]．长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版)．1999．14(2)：167～170
[18] 张士铎．箱型薄壁梁剪力滞效应[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．1998
[19] 李阳初．浅谈预应力剪滞力对桥梁的影响．湖南交通科技．2000．9
[20] 张方银，汤京朋．大跨度桥梁弯扭耦合抖振响应分析．中国铁道科学．1998．2
[21] 李阳初．浅谈预应力剪力滞对桥梁的影响．湖南交通科技．2000．9
[22] 贺拴海，宋一凡，黎宝松，杨炳成．海珠大桥静动力分析与荷载实验研究．西安公路交通大学学报．1997．9
[23] 保石才．预应力混凝土简支梁的反拱度计算．云南交通科技．1999．4
[24] 宋一凡，周彦军，贺拴海．钢筋混凝土梁的动刚度分析．西安公路交通大学学报．1998．10
[25] 徐艳秋，许克宾，王岚．预应力混凝土箱梁抗扭强度理论计算方法．内蒙古工业大学学报．1999 1
[26] 徐秀丽 宗曙东 预应力混凝土结构设计中几个问题的探讨 南京建筑工程学院学报 1999年第1期
[27] 潘晓民．预应力曲线梁的实用计算方法．宁波大学学报．1997．2
[28] 郑海荣．预应力混凝土空心板梁的温度应力分析．力学与实践．1999．21
[29] 陈振富，綦春明．预应力钢筋张拉力检测新方法．建筑技术开发．1998．2
[30] 郭咏辉，贺国京．桥梁结构非线性静力分析．铁道学报．2000．4
[31] 单炜．预应力度控制部分预应力混凝土桥梁设计的研究．东北林业大学学报．1998．3
[32] 龚尧南，王寿梅．结构分析中的非线性有限元素法[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．1986
[33] 保石才．预应力混凝土简支梁的反拱度计算．1999．4
[34] 陈振富，綦春明．预应力钢筋张拉力检测新方法．建筑技术开发．1998．1
[35] 王彦明，董新梅，王永征．桥梁结构中主梁绝对最大弯矩的计算．山东交通科技．1999 2
[36] 谭志勇，吴素春．桥梁结构的力学特性测试与分析计算．强度与环境．2000．3
[37] 洪宏兴．移动贝雷支架逐孔分段现浇在桥梁施工中的应用．中国港湾建设．2000．1
[38] 曹曼红，刘光明．预应力混凝土桥梁裂缝的成因分析及维修加固．国外公路．1999．2
[39] 肖长礼，周冬久，魏道平．桥梁上部结构承载能力评定．河南交通科技．1999．5
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