电袋复合除尘器原理及系统设计
摘要
在空气污染控制领域中，静电除尘器和布袋除尘器是应用广泛的颗粒污染物净化设备。随着人类社会在环境保护方面的要求不断提高，单独使用静电除尘器和布袋除尘器都将难以适应新的形势和新的要求。静电除尘器由于受到粉尘性质、设备状况等因素的影响，为达到10mg／m~3的排放要求非常困难，且将大大增加静电除尘器的结构体积，同时将增加本体重量、设备投资和运行费用。布袋除尘器虽然具有很高的除尘效率(可到99.99％)，但当入口粉尘浓度很高的情况下(如大于150g／m~3～200g／m~3)，其出口浓度仍不能低于国家新的粉尘浓度排放100g／m~3以下的要求(此时为15～20mg／m~3)，同时会大大增加滤袋数目或增加滤袋长度，而由于入口粉尘浓度较高，系统运行阻力较大，从而增加运行费用。因此，研究和开发适合需要的新型除尘设备不仅是电力生产的需要，也是国家对环境保护的要求，本课题正是针对这种情况提出的。
考虑到静电除尘器具有处理气体量大、阻力小、运行费用低，而袋式除尘器在较低粉尘浓度下，阻力小，除尘效率高、能耗低，从而运行费用低的特点，本文对电除尘和袋除尘进行结合，研究电袋复合除尘关键技术，对电袋除尘其进行了结构设计。首先使含尘气体进入电袋除尘器的电除尘部分，在电场的作用下，使粉尘的浓度大大降低；而后气体进入袋除尘部分，这时由于粉尘浓度已经很低，使得滤袋的阻力很低，同时对滤袋的清灰时间也可大大延长。本文设计的电除尘部分电场风速可达1m／s，从而增加气体处理量；电除尘部分在粉尘入口浓度为50g／m~3和除尘效率为85％的情况下，粉尘出口浓度为7.5g／m~3；在袋除尘部分，由于粉尘入口浓度较低，使得袋除尘部分压力将仅为175～1200Pa，除尘效率为99.87％，粉尘出口浓度仅为9.98mg／m~3。
Electrostatic precipitation (ESP) and bag fitler are air cleaning equipmentwidely used in collecting contamination. While, separately using ESP or bagfilter will be very hard to comply with the new requitemens in theenvironmental protection from international society. ESP collection efficiency isaffected by dust character character and equipment condition, which will makeits structure increased. In the same way, its body weight, running cost andinvestment will be increased a lot. Bag filter also have high de-dustingeffect(reaching to 99.99%). But the outlet emission density of filter is15～20mg/m~3 which still can not meet the requirement of new State rules ofless than 10mg/m~3, if the inlet dust density is very high such as150g/m~3～200g/m~3. And in this way bags numbers and bags length will beincreased much more, and inlet density is much high which will increase therunning cost and make more running resistance. Therefore, it's not only the needfor power production to study and develop new-type dust collecting equipmentthat adapts to the coal-fired power plant, but also the need for environmentprotection. So in order to use their advantages and overcome their disadvantage,we will have a comprehensive consideration of EP and bag filter. So it is veryimportant to study the comprehensive de-dusting technology with EP and bagfilter.
EP advantages are that air processing quantity is very large, its resistanceis low, and running cost is small. Bag filter have more advantages such as lowenergy consumption besides of EP advantages. Inthis thesis we will considerboth advantages of EP and filter to study the EP-Bagfilter Technology andmake structure design. At first the dust gas will go into theelectrostatic-dedusting part of EP-Bagfilter, under the electro field action, thedust density will be decreased greatly. And then the gas will go into thebag-dedusting part of EP-bagfilter, and then the dust contents will be lower, so the bag resistance will be lower, and the bag cleaning time will be prolongedgreatly. In this thesis, the electro field airspeed in the electrostatic-dedustingpart will reach to 1m/s, so the gas processing quantity will be increased.Under the condition of inlet density is 50g/m~3 and dedusting effect is 85% inthe electro-dedusting part, its outlet dust density will be 7.5g/m~3. In the bagdedusting part, the inlet dust density is very low, so some pressure of them willonly be 175～1200Pa, its dedusting effect will be 99.87%, the outlet dust densitywill be 9.98mg/m~3.
考虑到静电除尘器具有处理气体量大、阻力小、运行费用低，而袋式除尘器在较低粉尘浓度下，阻力小，除尘效率高、能耗低，从而运行费用低的特点，本文对电除尘和袋除尘进行结合，研究电袋复合除尘关键技术，对电袋除尘其进行了结构设计。首先使含尘气体进入电袋除尘器的电除尘部分，在电场的作用下，使粉尘的浓度大大降低；而后气体进入袋除尘部分，这时由于粉尘浓度已经很低，使得滤袋的阻力很低，同时对滤袋的清灰时间也可大大延长。本文设计的电除尘部分电场风速可达1m／s，从而增加气体处理量；电除尘部分在粉尘入口浓度为50g／m~3和除尘效率为85％的情况下，粉尘出口浓度为7.5g／m~3；在袋除尘部分，由于粉尘入口浓度较低，使得袋除尘部分压力将仅为175～1200Pa，除尘效率为99.87％，粉尘出口浓度仅为9.98mg／m~3。
Electrostatic precipitation (ESP) and bag fitler are air cleaning equipmentwidely used in collecting contamination. While, separately using ESP or bagfilter will be very hard to comply with the new requitemens in theenvironmental protection from international society. ESP collection efficiency isaffected by dust character character and equipment condition, which will makeits structure increased. In the same way, its body weight, running cost andinvestment will be increased a lot. Bag filter also have high de-dustingeffect(reaching to 99.99%). But the outlet emission density of filter is15～20mg/m~3 which still can not meet the requirement of new State rules ofless than 10mg/m~3, if the inlet dust density is very high such as150g/m~3～200g/m~3. And in this way bags numbers and bags length will beincreased much more, and inlet density is much high which will increase therunning cost and make more running resistance. Therefore, it's not only the needfor power production to study and develop new-type dust collecting equipmentthat adapts to the coal-fired power plant, but also the need for environmentprotection. So in order to use their advantages and overcome their disadvantage,we will have a comprehensive consideration of EP and bag filter. So it is veryimportant to study the comprehensive de-dusting technology with EP and bagfilter.
EP advantages are that air processing quantity is very large, its resistanceis low, and running cost is small. Bag filter have more advantages such as lowenergy consumption besides of EP advantages. Inthis thesis we will considerboth advantages of EP and filter to study the EP-Bagfilter Technology andmake structure design. At first the dust gas will go into theelectrostatic-dedusting part of EP-Bagfilter, under the electro field action, thedust density will be decreased greatly. And then the gas will go into thebag-dedusting part of EP-bagfilter, and then the dust contents will be lower, so the bag resistance will be lower, and the bag cleaning time will be prolongedgreatly. In this thesis, the electro field airspeed in the electrostatic-dedustingpart will reach to 1m/s, so the gas processing quantity will be increased.Under the condition of inlet density is 50g/m~3 and dedusting effect is 85% inthe electro-dedusting part, its outlet dust density will be 7.5g/m~3. In the bagdedusting part, the inlet dust density is very low, so some pressure of them willonly be 175～1200Pa, its dedusting effect will be 99.87%, the outlet dust densitywill be 9.98mg/m~3.
引文
[1] 张殿印，王纯．除尘工程设计手册．北京：化学工业出版社，2003
[2] 向晓东．现代除尘理论与技术．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002
[3] 吴善淦，沈玉祥．除尘脱硫一体化袋式除尘器．中国环保产业，2001．6，34～35
[4] 钟琴．燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝技术及工程实例．北京：化学工业出版社，2002
[5] 林宏．电—袋复合除尘器的开发与应用．水泥CEMENT，2005年2月
[6] 曾攀．有限元分析及应用．北京，清华大学出版社，2004
[7] 王勖成．有限单元法．北京，清华大学出版社，2003
[8] 石隐龙．电袋复合除尘器关键技术研究：[学位论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学机电工程学院，2005
[9] 任慧巧．大型电除尘器钢结构立柱部件有限元优化分析：[学位论文]．太原：太原理工大学，2005
[10] 杨英雄．变截面门式钢架平面内稳定的有限元分析：[学位论文]．成都：四川大学，2005
[11] 程凯．汽车电动助力转向器CAD／CAE技术研究：[学位论文]．成都：四川大学，2005
[12] 武可力，王绍华，程东育．塔机钢结构的节点和单元编码方案及其应用[J]．沈阳建筑工程学院学报，1996年7月第12卷第3期
[13] 徐立熊，李悦钦，等．现代设计方法在机电产品中的应用．机电产品开发与创新，2005年1月
[14] 黄丽霞．296m~2电除尘器的结构分析及改进：[学位论文]．重庆：重庆大学，2003
[15] 石莹．车体钢结构组合优化设计系统：[学位论文]．大连：大连交通大学，2004
[16] 马广大．大气污染控制工程．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2004
[17] [日]大野长太朗．除尘、收尘理论与实践．单文昌译．北京：科学技术文献出版社，1982
[18] 张殿印，张学义．除尘技术手册．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002
[19] Rao S S. The Finite Element Method in Engineering. Oxford, Pergamon, 1982
[20] Taylor, Robert L. The finite element method for solid and structural mechanics. Oxford; Burlington:Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann,c2005.
[21] ANSYS 7.0. ANSYS On Line Help, ANSYS Inc, 2002.
[22] K.R.Parker.Effective Capture of Respirable-Sized Particulates Using Electrostatic Precipitator Technology.Engineering Science and Education Journal,2000,33～40
[23] G.Mainelis,S.A.Grinshpun,K.Willed E.Collection of Airborne Microorganisms by Electrostatic Precipitation,Aerosol Science and Technology, 1999,30(2): 127～144
[24] Roark,R.J.,Formulas for Stress and Strain,3d ed,New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1954
[25] Folery J,Dam A V, Feiner S,Phillips R. Computer Graphics. Principles and Practice, 1990
[26] Moaveni, Saeed. Finite element analysis:theory and application with Ansys. Upper Saddle River, N.J.:Pearson Education,c2003
[27] Barthelemy, B.M. Finite element analysis of Bonded Joints. Virginia :Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, 1984
[28] Chapelle,D. The finite element analysis of shells:fundamentals. New York:Springer, c2003.
[29] Champion, Edward R., Finite element analysis with personal computers. New York, N.Y.: M. Dekker,c1988
[30] 王贤坤，陈淑梅，陈亮．机械CAD／CAM技术、应用与开发．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[31] 任荣华．袋式除尘技术的发展与应用．机械管理开发，2002年12月
[32] 邹纪林．袋式除尘器在锅炉干法脱硫系统上的应用．工业安全与环保，2002年28卷第四期
[33] 贾照远．多棱插接式钢管塔风振反应分析及振动控制：[学位论文]．南京：南京工业大学，2005
[34] 文福安．参数化设计和基于特征的实体造型：parametric and feature-based solid modeling．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[35] 童秉枢 尚凤武．参数化计算机绘图与设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[36] 张滢．Pro／E Wildfire数控加工及二次开发技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2006
[37] 林清安．Pro／ENGINEER 2000i2零件设计高级篇(上)．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[38] 林清安．Pro／ENGINEER 2000i2零件设计高级篇(下)．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[39] 罗浩．基于约束的参数化设计技术发展现状及前景冲国机械工程．1995，6，(5)：21～24．
[40] 张峰，李兆前，黄传真．参数化设计的研究现状与发展趋势．机械工程师．2002，(1)：13～15
[41] 宋曼华，武人岱．包头钢铁设计研究院．钢结构设计与计算[M]．机械工业出版社．2004年6月
[42] 徐灏，蔡春源，严隽琪．机械设计手册第二版第一卷3—157——3—166[M]．机械工业出版社．2003年6月
[43] 徐立熊，等．现代设计方法在机电产品中的应用．机电产品开发与创新，2005年1月
[44] Huebnex K H et al. The Finite Element Method fox Engineexs(2nd Edition).John Wiley and Sons, 1982
[45] Walter. Durst, The main steps in the development of bucket wheel excavaters, Bravnkohle English August 1982(34)
[2] 向晓东．现代除尘理论与技术．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002
[3] 吴善淦，沈玉祥．除尘脱硫一体化袋式除尘器．中国环保产业，2001．6，34～35
[4] 钟琴．燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝技术及工程实例．北京：化学工业出版社，2002
[5] 林宏．电—袋复合除尘器的开发与应用．水泥CEMENT，2005年2月
[6] 曾攀．有限元分析及应用．北京，清华大学出版社，2004
[7] 王勖成．有限单元法．北京，清华大学出版社，2003
[8] 石隐龙．电袋复合除尘器关键技术研究：[学位论文]．武汉：武汉理工大学机电工程学院，2005
[9] 任慧巧．大型电除尘器钢结构立柱部件有限元优化分析：[学位论文]．太原：太原理工大学，2005
[10] 杨英雄．变截面门式钢架平面内稳定的有限元分析：[学位论文]．成都：四川大学，2005
[11] 程凯．汽车电动助力转向器CAD／CAE技术研究：[学位论文]．成都：四川大学，2005
[12] 武可力，王绍华，程东育．塔机钢结构的节点和单元编码方案及其应用[J]．沈阳建筑工程学院学报，1996年7月第12卷第3期
[13] 徐立熊，李悦钦，等．现代设计方法在机电产品中的应用．机电产品开发与创新，2005年1月
[14] 黄丽霞．296m~2电除尘器的结构分析及改进：[学位论文]．重庆：重庆大学，2003
[15] 石莹．车体钢结构组合优化设计系统：[学位论文]．大连：大连交通大学，2004
[16] 马广大．大气污染控制工程．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2004
[17] [日]大野长太朗．除尘、收尘理论与实践．单文昌译．北京：科学技术文献出版社，1982
[18] 张殿印，张学义．除尘技术手册．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002
[19] Rao S S. The Finite Element Method in Engineering. Oxford, Pergamon, 1982
[20] Taylor, Robert L. The finite element method for solid and structural mechanics. Oxford; Burlington:Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann,c2005.
[21] ANSYS 7.0. ANSYS On Line Help, ANSYS Inc, 2002.
[22] K.R.Parker.Effective Capture of Respirable-Sized Particulates Using Electrostatic Precipitator Technology.Engineering Science and Education Journal,2000,33～40
[23] G.Mainelis,S.A.Grinshpun,K.Willed E.Collection of Airborne Microorganisms by Electrostatic Precipitation,Aerosol Science and Technology, 1999,30(2): 127～144
[24] Roark,R.J.,Formulas for Stress and Strain,3d ed,New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1954
[25] Folery J,Dam A V, Feiner S,Phillips R. Computer Graphics. Principles and Practice, 1990
[26] Moaveni, Saeed. Finite element analysis:theory and application with Ansys. Upper Saddle River, N.J.:Pearson Education,c2003
[27] Barthelemy, B.M. Finite element analysis of Bonded Joints. Virginia :Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, 1984
[28] Chapelle,D. The finite element analysis of shells:fundamentals. New York:Springer, c2003.
[29] Champion, Edward R., Finite element analysis with personal computers. New York, N.Y.: M. Dekker,c1988
[30] 王贤坤，陈淑梅，陈亮．机械CAD／CAM技术、应用与开发．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[31] 任荣华．袋式除尘技术的发展与应用．机械管理开发，2002年12月
[32] 邹纪林．袋式除尘器在锅炉干法脱硫系统上的应用．工业安全与环保，2002年28卷第四期
[33] 贾照远．多棱插接式钢管塔风振反应分析及振动控制：[学位论文]．南京：南京工业大学，2005
[34] 文福安．参数化设计和基于特征的实体造型：parametric and feature-based solid modeling．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[35] 童秉枢 尚凤武．参数化计算机绘图与设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[36] 张滢．Pro／E Wildfire数控加工及二次开发技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2006
[37] 林清安．Pro／ENGINEER 2000i2零件设计高级篇(上)．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[38] 林清安．Pro／ENGINEER 2000i2零件设计高级篇(下)．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[39] 罗浩．基于约束的参数化设计技术发展现状及前景冲国机械工程．1995，6，(5)：21～24．
[40] 张峰，李兆前，黄传真．参数化设计的研究现状与发展趋势．机械工程师．2002，(1)：13～15
[41] 宋曼华，武人岱．包头钢铁设计研究院．钢结构设计与计算[M]．机械工业出版社．2004年6月
[42] 徐灏，蔡春源，严隽琪．机械设计手册第二版第一卷3—157——3—166[M]．机械工业出版社．2003年6月
[43] 徐立熊，等．现代设计方法在机电产品中的应用．机电产品开发与创新，2005年1月
[44] Huebnex K H et al. The Finite Element Method fox Engineexs(2nd Edition).John Wiley and Sons, 1982
[45] Walter. Durst, The main steps in the development of bucket wheel excavaters, Bravnkohle English August 1982(34)