长江河口南支太仓段水动力及水质三维数值模拟研究
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摘要
本文在Coherens模型的基础上，建立了基于σ坐标的河口水域水动力和水质三维有限差分计算模式。
应用三维水动力模型对长江河口南支太仓段潮流场进行模拟计算，获得了该段水域潮流的三维分布，同时将流速和潮位的计算值与实测值进行对比，验证表明两者吻合良好，为该段水域污染物浓度场的数值模拟研究提供正确的水动力条件。
通过恒定状态下非保守物质在理想水槽中连续排放形成浓度场的解析解，与水质模型计算得出的数值解作对比分析，来检验水质模型的计算精度，结果表明该模型在水平和垂直方向精度较高。
在此基础上，应用三维水质模型对长江河口南支太仓段的水质进行数值模拟，求得长江河口太仓段COD浓度场的分布情况，分析了污染物在水体中的迁移规律，取得了较为满意的结果。研究工作为开展长江河口水环境的改善和治理提供了一种技术支持手段。
Based on Coherens model, a 3 dimensional hydrodynamical and water quality mathematical model is established in finite difference algorithm.
The hydrodynamical model is used to simulate the flow field of Taicang reach of the south branch in Changjiang esturay. The good agreement in the comparison of calculated results with observed values is obtained.
In order to validate the water quality model, the concentration distribution discharged continuously by non-conservative matter in a rectangular flume is simulated. The results indicate that the water quality model has high precision both in the horizontal and vertical direction.
The three dimensional water quality model is applied to analyze the water quality of Taicang reach of the south branch in Changjiang estuary. Based on the results of the hydrodynamical simulation, the chemical oxygen demand concentration is calculated, and the transportation and circulation of pollutant are analyzed.
应用三维水动力模型对长江河口南支太仓段潮流场进行模拟计算，获得了该段水域潮流的三维分布，同时将流速和潮位的计算值与实测值进行对比，验证表明两者吻合良好，为该段水域污染物浓度场的数值模拟研究提供正确的水动力条件。
通过恒定状态下非保守物质在理想水槽中连续排放形成浓度场的解析解，与水质模型计算得出的数值解作对比分析，来检验水质模型的计算精度，结果表明该模型在水平和垂直方向精度较高。
在此基础上，应用三维水质模型对长江河口南支太仓段的水质进行数值模拟，求得长江河口太仓段COD浓度场的分布情况，分析了污染物在水体中的迁移规律，取得了较为满意的结果。研究工作为开展长江河口水环境的改善和治理提供了一种技术支持手段。
Based on Coherens model, a 3 dimensional hydrodynamical and water quality mathematical model is established in finite difference algorithm.
The hydrodynamical model is used to simulate the flow field of Taicang reach of the south branch in Changjiang esturay. The good agreement in the comparison of calculated results with observed values is obtained.
In order to validate the water quality model, the concentration distribution discharged continuously by non-conservative matter in a rectangular flume is simulated. The results indicate that the water quality model has high precision both in the horizontal and vertical direction.
The three dimensional water quality model is applied to analyze the water quality of Taicang reach of the south branch in Changjiang estuary. Based on the results of the hydrodynamical simulation, the chemical oxygen demand concentration is calculated, and the transportation and circulation of pollutant are analyzed.
引文
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[9] 孙英兰，陈时俊，赵可胜．沿岸海域三维斜压场的数值模拟Ⅰ：渤海潮流数值计算[J]．青岛海洋大学学报，1990，20(3)11-24．
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[13] Thompsom, J. F. Numerical Grid Generation. Elesevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.1985
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[15] 周华君．长江口最大浑浊带特性研究和三维水流泥沙数值模拟[D]．河海大学博士论文．1992．
[16] 夏华水，殷忠斌，郭芝兰．北部湾三维潮流数值模拟[J]，海洋学报，1997，19(2)：21-31．
[17] 韩国其，汪德灌．取水池内三维流场的数值计算[J]．河海大学学报，1992，20(1)：23-29．
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[19] Lynch,D.R., Werner, F.E. Three-Dimensional Hydrodyna.mics on Finite Elements. Part2: Non-Linear Time-Stepping ModeI.J.Num. Methods in Fluids, 1991,12(6): 507-533.
[20] 钱作勋，郑雪晴，张谢东．有限体积法在求解传热学中温度场的应用初探[J]，武汉交通科技大学学报，1998，6：7-10．
[21] Versteeg H K, Malalasekera W. An introduction to Comutational Fluid Dynamics. The Finite Volume Method. Longman:Prentice Hall Press. 1995, 85-154.
[22] 邱兆山，有限体积法及其在近岸潮流计算中的应用研究[D]．中国海洋大学研究生学位论文．北京：中国海洋大学，2003．
[23] 金忠青，N-S方程的数值解和紊流模型[M]．南京：河海大学出版社，1989．
[24] 李绍武，卢丽锋，时钟．河口准三维涌潮数学模型研究[M]．水动力学研究与进展，2004，19(4)：408-415．
[25] Chen, C. S., Liu, H. D., Bearksley, R. C. An Unsturctured Grid, Finite-Volume, Three-Dimensional Primitive Equation Ocean Model: Application to Coastal Ocean and Estuaries. Journal of Atmosphric and Ocean Technology, 2003, 20:159-186.
[26] Blumberg A. F., Numerical tidal model of Chesapeake Bay, Hydraulics Div., ASCE,1977,103(1):1-10.
[27] Leendertse J.J., A water-quality simulation model for well-mixed estuaries and coastal seas, Principles of Computation, California, 1973.
[28] Nichol,B. D., Hirt, C.W, Calculating Three Dimensional Free Surface Flow in the Vicinity of Submerged and Exposed Structures. Journal of Computational Physics, 1973.
[29] Harlow, F.H., Welch, J E., Numerical calculation of time-dependentviscous incompressible flow of fluid with free surface, Phys Fluids, 1964, 8(12): 2182-2189.
[30] Hirt C.W. Nichols B. D., Volume of Fluids(VOF) method or the dvnamics of free boundaries. J Comput Phvs, 1981,39:201-225.
[31] Bryan, K., A Numerical Method for the Study of the Circulation of the World Ocean. Journal of Computational Physics, 1969,4:347-376.
[32] Backhous J.O., A Three-Dimensional Model for the Simulation of Shelf Sea Dynamics. Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrifi, 1985, 38:165-187.
[33] 孙文心，江文胜，李磊．近海环境流体动力学[M]，北京：科学出版社，2004：266-269．
[34] Phillips, N. A., A Coordinate System Having Some Special Advantages for Numerical Forecasting. Journal of Meteorology, 1957,14:184-185.
[35] Bleck, R., Rooth,C., Hu,D., and Smith,L. Salinity-driven thermocline transients in a wind and thermohaline-forced isopycnic coordinate model of the North Atlantic. Journal of Physics Oceanography, 1992,22:1486-1505.
[36] Hallberg, R. W. Time integration of diapycnal diffusion and Richardson number dependent mixing in isopycnal coordinate ocean models. Monthly Weather Review, 2000, 128:1402-1419.
[37] 王晖，王东晓，杜岩．2002年国外物理海洋学研究主要进展[J]．地球科学进展，2003，18(5)：797-805．
[38] Bleck, R., An oceanic general circulation model framed in hybrid isopycnic Cartesian coordinates. Ocean Modeling, 2000(4):55-88.
[39] Yarenko, N. N. On the Implicit Difference Computing Method for Solving the Multidimensional Heat Conduction Equations (Russian), Izv.Vyssh.Uchebn. Zaved. Mathematiika,23, No 4,1961.
[40] Yanenko: N. N. Method Apas Fractionnaires. Armand Colin, 1968: 63-77.
[41] Marchuk, G. I. Methods of Numerical Mathematics. Springer, 1975: 146-174.
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