农业面源污染实证分析与政策选择
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摘要
长期以来,我国农业生产为了提高产量,大量使用化肥、农药等投入品,引发了严重的农业面源污染,破坏了农业生态环境,制约了农业经济社会的可持续发展,引起了我国政府的高度重视,并在《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》明确提出要“防治农药、化肥和农膜等面源污染”,因此,研究农户行为,探讨农业面源污染控制对策与政策,对农村环境保护和农业可持续发展具有重要的理论和实际意义。
本研究在规范分析与实证研究方面,运用环境经济学理论、农业经济理论、农业技术经济理论和数量经济理论等方法,分析了鄱阳湖区农业面源污染的现状、农业投入品的非经济现象及其效率损失,模拟了研究区内的环境EKC曲线,揭示农业面源污染的严重性,实证研究了农户对农业面源污染的认知与行为,并运用利益相关者理论和博弈理论,研究各利益主体的行为,构建共同治理农业面源污染组织。在政策研究方面,借鉴国际经验,完善我国农业环境管理制度和农业面源污染治理政策,优化农业面源污染控制措施。最后,构建了农业面源污染的前馈与反馈复合控制系统,并提出了相应对策与建议。
本研究可能的主要创新性成果表现在:
一、运用利益相关者理论分析各利益主体的权利—利益矩阵,识别利益相关者的影响力与利益。
二、运用博弈理论分析各利益主体的行为特征。
三、构建了农业面源污染的前馈与反馈复合控制系统,并提出了相应对策与建议。
For a long time, the agriculture in China has large-scale inputs of fertilizer and pesticide to increase agricultural production, which caused serious Agricultural Non-point Pollution to destroy agriculture-ecological environment and to constrain the sustainable development of agricultural economy. Chinese government has attached great importance to these problems and proposed“prevention and control on pollutions caused by fertilizer, pesticide and plastic sheeting”in "the 11th five-year plan for the development of national economy and social ". Therefore, researches on farmer conducts and strategies controlling agricultural non-point pollution have important theoretical and practical significance for the rural environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.
With respect to normative analysis and empirical research, using environmental economics theory, agricultural economics theory, agricultural technological economics theory and quantitative economics theory, this research analyzed the present situation of agricultural non-point pollution and non-economic phenomenon and the efficiency loss of agricultural inputs in the Boyang lake agricultural production, simulated regional environment EKC curves, emphasized the importance of Agricultural Non-point Pollution, empirically researched farmers’cognition and behaviors of agriculture non-point pollution using stakeholder theory and game theory and constructed common management organization of agriculture non-point pollution. As for strategy study, this research, resorting to international experiences, perfected our agricultural environment management system and optimized agricultural non-point pollution controlling policy. Finally, it constructed multiple feedforward and feedback control system of agricultural non-point pollution, and proposed corresponding strategies and suggestions.
The main creative achievements are as following:
1. Used stakeholder theory to analyze the Stakeholder Mapping, and the effect and benefit of stakeholder.
2. Analyzed the behavioral characteristics of each stakeholder using game theory.
3. Constructed a multiple feed forward-feedback controlling system of Agricultural Non-point Pollution, and proposed the strategies and suggestions corresponding.
本研究在规范分析与实证研究方面,运用环境经济学理论、农业经济理论、农业技术经济理论和数量经济理论等方法,分析了鄱阳湖区农业面源污染的现状、农业投入品的非经济现象及其效率损失,模拟了研究区内的环境EKC曲线,揭示农业面源污染的严重性,实证研究了农户对农业面源污染的认知与行为,并运用利益相关者理论和博弈理论,研究各利益主体的行为,构建共同治理农业面源污染组织。在政策研究方面,借鉴国际经验,完善我国农业环境管理制度和农业面源污染治理政策,优化农业面源污染控制措施。最后,构建了农业面源污染的前馈与反馈复合控制系统,并提出了相应对策与建议。
本研究可能的主要创新性成果表现在:
一、运用利益相关者理论分析各利益主体的权利—利益矩阵,识别利益相关者的影响力与利益。
二、运用博弈理论分析各利益主体的行为特征。
三、构建了农业面源污染的前馈与反馈复合控制系统,并提出了相应对策与建议。
For a long time, the agriculture in China has large-scale inputs of fertilizer and pesticide to increase agricultural production, which caused serious Agricultural Non-point Pollution to destroy agriculture-ecological environment and to constrain the sustainable development of agricultural economy. Chinese government has attached great importance to these problems and proposed“prevention and control on pollutions caused by fertilizer, pesticide and plastic sheeting”in "the 11th five-year plan for the development of national economy and social ". Therefore, researches on farmer conducts and strategies controlling agricultural non-point pollution have important theoretical and practical significance for the rural environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.
With respect to normative analysis and empirical research, using environmental economics theory, agricultural economics theory, agricultural technological economics theory and quantitative economics theory, this research analyzed the present situation of agricultural non-point pollution and non-economic phenomenon and the efficiency loss of agricultural inputs in the Boyang lake agricultural production, simulated regional environment EKC curves, emphasized the importance of Agricultural Non-point Pollution, empirically researched farmers’cognition and behaviors of agriculture non-point pollution using stakeholder theory and game theory and constructed common management organization of agriculture non-point pollution. As for strategy study, this research, resorting to international experiences, perfected our agricultural environment management system and optimized agricultural non-point pollution controlling policy. Finally, it constructed multiple feedforward and feedback control system of agricultural non-point pollution, and proposed corresponding strategies and suggestions.
The main creative achievements are as following:
1. Used stakeholder theory to analyze the Stakeholder Mapping, and the effect and benefit of stakeholder.
2. Analyzed the behavioral characteristics of each stakeholder using game theory.
3. Constructed a multiple feed forward-feedback controlling system of Agricultural Non-point Pollution, and proposed the strategies and suggestions corresponding.
引文
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