TZG216-110型铁钻工控制系统的研究
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摘要
铁钻工作为架设在钻井平台上的全自动旋扣装置,有着广阔的应用空间,因此铁钻工的自动化显得特别重要。
TZG216-110型铁钻工动作实现的动力全部来自液压系统。铁钻工控制系统采用全液压控制和PLC控制技术相结合的方式,具有成本低、可靠性高的特点。液压系统以其功率大、体积小、重量轻、性能高及易于远程操作等特点,广泛应用于工业生产领域,其规模与复杂性日益提高。而可编程序控制器(PLC)是较好地解决工业控制领域中普遍关心的可靠性、安全性等问题的一种有效手段。本课题在TZG216-110型铁钻工的结构基础上采用理论分析和数学计算相结合的方法对其控制系统进行研究设计。
确定铁钻工的控制方案。根据TZG216-110型铁钻工的结构、性能参数,分析出铁钻工具体的动作过程及对应的执行元件;设计出对应的液压回路;并对各个液压执行元件进行受力分析计算,选出合适的型号。
根据TZG216-110型铁钻工具体的动作要求、液压控制情况及PLC控制系统的特点,对其进行具体的PLC控制系统的设计,分析其I/O地址的分配,设计其PLC外部接线图和典型动作的T型图。
根据铁钻工的特殊工况,设计出合适的控制面板和人机界面,将传统的按钮控制面板和先进的触摸屏人机界面结合为一体,当采用普通按钮控制时,触摸屏可以用作显示;采用触摸屏控制时,触摸屏就是一个独立的个体,既能显示又能控制。
将自动控制技术应用于铁钻工上大大提高了铁钻工的工作效率,减轻了工人的劳动强度,适应了机械工业向机电一体化方向发展的要求。
Iron roughneck is the device of automatic rotating button erected on the drilling platform, which has extensive application space. Therefore, automatizing iron roughneck looks more important.
All motions of the TZG216-110-Type iron roughneck are driven by the system of hydraulic pressure. Adopting the mode of all hydraulic pressure control and PLC control technology, the auto control system of iron roughneck has the peculiarity of low cost and high dependability. The hydraulic system is widely applied in the industrial field because of its many characteristics such as great power, small volume,light weight,high tunction, easily being controlled in the long distance position and so on, and its scale and complexity increased with its application. We take the Programmable Logical Controller(PLC) to This article mainly adopt theoretical analysis and mathematical computing method to research and design the control system of the TZG216-110-Type iron roughneck based on the structure.
The control method of the iron roughneck are determined. According to the structure and the performance parameters of the TZG216-110-Type iron roughneck, the concrete action precess and corresponding actuator are analysed; The corresponding hydraulic circuit are designed; Every hydraulic actuator is force analysed and calculated to select suitable type.
According to the concrete action, the situation of Hydraulic control, the Characteristics of PLC Control System of the TZG216-110-Type iron roughneck, this article designes the corresponding PLC Control System, makes sure the input and output points of PLC, designes the I/O disposal line drawing and the ladder-shaped chart of PLC of the typical operation.
According to the special situation of the iron roughneck, this article designes the suitable Control Panel and Human-Computer Interface.That combines traditional button type Control Panel with advanced Human-Computer Interface touching screen, When using ordinary button control, touching screen can be used to display; When using touching screen control, touching screen is an independent unit that can display can control.
Applying the autocontrol technology to the iron roughneck will greatly enhance the work efficiency and decreased the labor intensity and meet the requirment of heading machine industry for mechatronics technology and applications.
TZG216-110型铁钻工动作实现的动力全部来自液压系统。铁钻工控制系统采用全液压控制和PLC控制技术相结合的方式,具有成本低、可靠性高的特点。液压系统以其功率大、体积小、重量轻、性能高及易于远程操作等特点,广泛应用于工业生产领域,其规模与复杂性日益提高。而可编程序控制器(PLC)是较好地解决工业控制领域中普遍关心的可靠性、安全性等问题的一种有效手段。本课题在TZG216-110型铁钻工的结构基础上采用理论分析和数学计算相结合的方法对其控制系统进行研究设计。
确定铁钻工的控制方案。根据TZG216-110型铁钻工的结构、性能参数,分析出铁钻工具体的动作过程及对应的执行元件;设计出对应的液压回路;并对各个液压执行元件进行受力分析计算,选出合适的型号。
根据TZG216-110型铁钻工具体的动作要求、液压控制情况及PLC控制系统的特点,对其进行具体的PLC控制系统的设计,分析其I/O地址的分配,设计其PLC外部接线图和典型动作的T型图。
根据铁钻工的特殊工况,设计出合适的控制面板和人机界面,将传统的按钮控制面板和先进的触摸屏人机界面结合为一体,当采用普通按钮控制时,触摸屏可以用作显示;采用触摸屏控制时,触摸屏就是一个独立的个体,既能显示又能控制。
将自动控制技术应用于铁钻工上大大提高了铁钻工的工作效率,减轻了工人的劳动强度,适应了机械工业向机电一体化方向发展的要求。
Iron roughneck is the device of automatic rotating button erected on the drilling platform, which has extensive application space. Therefore, automatizing iron roughneck looks more important.
All motions of the TZG216-110-Type iron roughneck are driven by the system of hydraulic pressure. Adopting the mode of all hydraulic pressure control and PLC control technology, the auto control system of iron roughneck has the peculiarity of low cost and high dependability. The hydraulic system is widely applied in the industrial field because of its many characteristics such as great power, small volume,light weight,high tunction, easily being controlled in the long distance position and so on, and its scale and complexity increased with its application. We take the Programmable Logical Controller(PLC) to This article mainly adopt theoretical analysis and mathematical computing method to research and design the control system of the TZG216-110-Type iron roughneck based on the structure.
The control method of the iron roughneck are determined. According to the structure and the performance parameters of the TZG216-110-Type iron roughneck, the concrete action precess and corresponding actuator are analysed; The corresponding hydraulic circuit are designed; Every hydraulic actuator is force analysed and calculated to select suitable type.
According to the concrete action, the situation of Hydraulic control, the Characteristics of PLC Control System of the TZG216-110-Type iron roughneck, this article designes the corresponding PLC Control System, makes sure the input and output points of PLC, designes the I/O disposal line drawing and the ladder-shaped chart of PLC of the typical operation.
According to the special situation of the iron roughneck, this article designes the suitable Control Panel and Human-Computer Interface.That combines traditional button type Control Panel with advanced Human-Computer Interface touching screen, When using ordinary button control, touching screen can be used to display; When using touching screen control, touching screen is an independent unit that can display can control.
Applying the autocontrol technology to the iron roughneck will greatly enhance the work efficiency and decreased the labor intensity and meet the requirment of heading machine industry for mechatronics technology and applications.
引文
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[24]Gordon,N.Automated Power Tongs Provide Safer,More Efficient Operation[J].World Oil,2001,222(7):81-83.
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[28]孙伟,张丽萍.液压系统中换向阀的合理使用[J].机床与液压,2006,4:224-225.
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[41]高饮和.可编程控制器应用技术与设计实例[M].人民邮电出版社,2004.7.
[42]李中年.控制电器及应用[M].清华大学出版社,2006.6.
[43]胡学林.可编程控制器教程(基础篇)[M].电子工业出版社,2003.11.
[44]柴瑞娟,陈海霞.西门子PLC编程技术及工程应用[M].机械工业出版社,2006.8.
[45]Liverud.A.The Future Automated Drilling Rig[M].2004.
[46]Lucy Suchman.The Social and Interactional Dimensions of Human-Computer Interfaces[J].American Anthropologist,1997,99(3):660-661
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[2]胡辛禾.遥控套管入扣系统[J].石油机械,2001,29(6):58.
[3]李明谦,黄继庆.石油钻具扭矩旋扣机的开发与应用[J].石油机械,2005,33(12):27-28.
[4]仲建军,刘志刚,陈杰.行走式动力大钳的研制及应用[J].石油机械,2007,35(3):31-33.
[5]李世彬.自动辊锻机械手的研究与设计[D].吉林:吉林大学.2004.5.
[6]刘辉.干冰制冰机液压控制系统的设计与研究[D].西安:西北工业大学.2007.3.
[7]朱兴龙,陈健,周骥平.国内液压控制技术现状及发展策略[J].机械科学与技术,1997,26(3)10-12.
[8]王胜.新型液压打桩锤机电液一体化设计与PLC控制[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学.2005.6.
[9]周冬生.机械手肋骨冷弯机PLC控制系统的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学.2004.10.
[10]Brugman.Automated Pipe Handling:A Fresh Approach[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME,1987,(9):129-137.
[11]Kinzel,Holger,Lorenz etal.New Approach to Mechanized Tubular Handling and Running as a Safe and Cost Effective Alternative[J].Proceedings of Drilling Conference,1997,(51):239-248.
[12]杨学海,张兆文,张强.液压技术在钻机上的应用现状及发展建议[J].石油机械,2004,32(8):72-74.
[13]A Hibi,T Ito.Fundamental test results of a hydraulic free piston internal combustion engine[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,2004,218(10):1149-1157.
[14]胡辛禾.美国机械采油装备发展[J].石油机械,1999,10(6):53-55.
[15]王文智,张根旺,党兰焕等.钻杆动力钳的设计缺陷及使用中存在的问题[J].石油矿场机械,2005,34(1):95-96.
[16]Neil Gord0n,赵胜英,李俊波.自动动力大钳保证施工作业更加安全高效[J].国外油田工程,2003,19(5):37-38.
[17]陈刚.ZQ100钻杆动力钳的使用及改造[J].中国设备工程,1999,(10):28-29.
[18]刘先刚.国外采油机械现状及进展[J].钻采工艺,1996,19(3):44-49.
[19]窦宏恩.当今世界最新石油技术[J].石油矿场机械,2003,32(2):1-4.
[20]窦宏恩.国外石油工程技术的最新进展(一)[J].石油机械,2003,31(6):65-67.
[21]张之奇,陈甦.石油钻杆生产的回顾与展望[J].钢管,1994,(4):1-9.
[22]周学才.一种新的机器人手臂控制方法[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1999,31(5):30-32.
[23]Massimo Ponti,Marco Abbiati,Victor Ugo Ceccherelli.Drilling Platforms as Artificial Reefs:Distribution of Macrobenthic Assemblages of The "Paguro"Wreck(Northern Adriatic Sea)[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59(10):316-323.
[24]Gordon,N.Automated Power Tongs Provide Safer,More Efficient Operation[J].World Oil,2001,222(7):81-83.
[25]Cummins,T.New Tool Makes Casing Drilling Faster[J].Hart's E and P,2006,9:23-24.
[26]朱新才.液压传动与控制[M].重庆大学出版社,2003.8.
[27]赵庆梅,周国强,韩东颖.井架动态安全承载力动态参数评定方法[J].石油矿场机械,2005,34(6):36-38.
[28]孙伟,张丽萍.液压系统中换向阀的合理使用[J].机床与液压,2006,4:224-225.
[29]Peter Nachtwey.Closed-loop control simplifies cyclical testing[J].Hydraulics & Pneumatics,2008,(4):55-57
[30]Anonymous.Hydraulic power tong system improves efficiency and safety[J].Petroleum Engineer International,1999,72(2):15
[31]胡军科,王清标,王华兵.液压系统的卸荷方式及应用探讨[J].机床与液压,2006,1:173-174.
[32]Dobson,D.Rig Mechanization[J].Offshore Research Focus,1998,123:4-5.
[33]陈榕林,张磊.液压技术与应用[M].电子工业出版社,2002.3.
[34]张利平.液压传动系统及设计[M].化学工业出版社,2005.8.
[35]郭艳清,郭光荣,张宝玲.冷拔机夹钳小车受力分析[J].重型机械,2006,49(4):49-50,54.
[36]Jeffery K.Cochran,Arvindh Murugan,Vijayalakshmi Krishnamyrthy.Generic Markov Models for Availability Estimation and Failure Characterization in Petroleum Refineris[J].Department of Industrial and Management Systems Engineering,1999,(1):1-12.
[37]Boyadjieff,G.I,Merit etalExperiences in Automating Pipe-handling Functions[J].SPE DRILLING ENGINEERING,1992,7(3):175-180.
[38]Lloyd,Michael J.Selecting Micro-PLCs For Machine Control[J].Machine Design,1989,61(14):93-98
[39]Jack Smith.Should PLCs be networked?[J].Plant Engineering,2004,58(10):42-44.
[40]于庆广.可编程控制器原理及系统设计[M].清华大学出版社,2004.4.
[41]高饮和.可编程控制器应用技术与设计实例[M].人民邮电出版社,2004.7.
[42]李中年.控制电器及应用[M].清华大学出版社,2006.6.
[43]胡学林.可编程控制器教程(基础篇)[M].电子工业出版社,2003.11.
[44]柴瑞娟,陈海霞.西门子PLC编程技术及工程应用[M].机械工业出版社,2006.8.
[45]Liverud.A.The Future Automated Drilling Rig[M].2004.
[46]Lucy Suchman.The Social and Interactional Dimensions of Human-Computer Interfaces[J].American Anthropologist,1997,99(3):660-661
[47]王舟如.ZY-Ⅱ型动力大钳扭矩显示记录装置[J].工程机械,1995,4:4-6.
[48]鲁旭涛,黄铮,孙运强.动态扭矩测试仪的研制[J].现代电子技术,2006,231(16):37-39.
[49]孙永兴,林元华,施太和等.扭矩测试方法研究[J].录井工程,2005,16(4):10-13,18.
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