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深水海底管道套筒连接器密封接触特性研究
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摘要
随着海洋油气资源开发向深海发展的必然性,水下生产系统成为必须掌握的技术。采用水下生产系统完成深水油气资源的开采、输送是该领域的主要方向。海底管道是水下生产系统的重要组成部分,水下回接技术是将新开发的、边际和卫星油气田的海底管道接入已建海底设施,使海洋油气开发变得经济有效。目前深水海底管道连接技术都掌握在国外海洋石油工程公司,负责设计安装,不能满足我国自主开发深海油气资源的需求。套筒连接器用于深水海底管道末端连接,采用远程操作工具遥控安装,需要解决高压密封和安装的问题。针对这些问题,论文对套筒连接器系统整体方案和密封接触特性进行了研究。
     从水下回接技术所需连接器的结构组成和工作原理入手,给出了非整体式套筒连接器系统的整体方案。非整体式连接系统由安装工具和套筒连接器组成,通过遥控操作潜水器控制安装工具动作实现套筒连接器的安装,安装完成后,安装工具可从海底回收,重复使用。
     提出了套筒连接器的整体密封结构,采用套筒、卡爪、高颈和透镜垫组合的连接结构,利用套筒的轴向直线运动驱动卡爪径向预紧高颈,实现透镜垫与高颈的高压密封。金属透镜垫与高颈的锥形密封面相互配合,自动对中性好,有效接触面积小,可以实现高压密封,并减小套筒连接器的整体尺寸。套筒与卡爪的锥面配合具有自锁功能,可以增加连接器抵抗压力波动的能力,简化结构组成。利用液压缸直线运动完成连接器的安装和卸载,操作可靠快速。
     建立了套筒连接器的力学模型,分析了预紧状态和操作状态时,套筒、卡爪、高颈和透镜垫之间的力学接触,提出了基于管道设计压力的套筒连接器预紧载荷和安装载荷计算公式,在此基础上推导了强度设计公式,为套筒连接器的工程应用奠定了理论基础。
     对由卡爪、高颈、透镜垫组成的密封结构进行接触分析,得到了密封接触特性和应力分布规律。研究表明卡爪和高颈相配合的连接结构比直接轴向预紧可以获得更大的轴向预紧力,具有放大轴向预紧载荷的特性。研究表明透镜垫在流体压力作用下具有自紧特性,压力自紧特性与垫片的结构型式、几何尺寸和材料有关。应用分析设计原理,采用最大变形能理论对高颈失效模式进行应力评定,结果表明根据论文提出的载荷计算公式及在此基础上推导的强度设计公式所确定的高颈结构安全可靠,不会发生塑性垮塌和局部失效。
     对套筒连接器的临界状态进行分析,研究表明密封状态在50Mpa内安全可靠,说明论文推导的强度设计校核公式正确有效,能反映出套筒连接器的临界失效状态。
     对高颈和透镜垫进行密封液压试验,最高可以实现65MPa密封。套筒连接器样机的液压试验,在50MPa时安全稳定,表明套筒连接器的密封性能安全可靠,结构设计合理,验证了套筒连接器载荷计算及强度设计公式的正确有效性。
With the inevitability of development of offshore oil and gas resources exploitation todeep sea, subsea production system becomes a necessary technology, using it to achieve theexploitation and transportation is the main direction. Subsea pipeline is an important part ofsubsea production system. Tie-in is a technology that connects the subsea pipeline of thenewly developed, marginal and satellite oil or gas fields with the built subsea facilities, whichmakes offshore oil and gas exploitation cost-effective. Now, the design and installationtechnology of subsea pipeline connection are fully mastered by foreign offshore oilengineering company, which can not satisfy the domestic demand of self-exploited subsea oiland gas resources. Collet connector is used for end connection of deepwater subsea pipelineand installed by remotely operated tool, which needs to solve the problems of high-pressuresealing and installation. To solve these problems, this paper is to study the whole scheme andsealing and contact characteristics of collet connector system.
     From the structural composition and working principle required for offshore tie-intechnology, the paper presented the whole scheme of non-integral collet connector system.The system consists of installation tool and collet connector, which realizes the installation ofcollet connector through remotely operated vehicle controlling installation tool. Afterinstalling, installation tool can be retrieved from the seabed for reuse.
     The paper proposed the whole seal structure of collet connector, adopting connectingstructure with the combination of collet, claw, hub and lens ring, using the axial linearmovement of collet to drive claw to pre-tight hub radially, achieving high-pressure sealingbetween lens ring and hub. The surface of metal lens ring is spherical to work with the conicalsealing surface of hub, automatic self-aligning performance is good, the effective contact areais small, high-pressure sealing function can be realized, which is favorable to decrease theoverall size of collet connector. The conical fitting of collet and claw have mechanicalself-locking function, which increases resistant ability of pressure fluctuation and is favorableto simplify the structure of collet connector. Collet connector completes the installation andunloading through the linear motion of hydraulic cylinder, the operation is reliable and quick.
     The paper established the mechanical model of collet connector, through analysis ofcontact load between collet, claw, hub and lens ring in preloading and operating condition,proposed the calculation formula of pre-tightening load and assemble load for collet connector,which was based on pipeline design pressure. The strength design formulas of the parts were deduced, established the theoretical basis for engineering application of collet connector.
     Through contact analysis of sealing structure made of claw, hub and lens ring, contactcharacter and stress distribution law were obtained. The results show that connection structurebased on coordination of hub with claw can get bigger axial pre-tightening load than directaxial pre-tightening connecting structure, and has the characteristic of amplifying axialpre-tightening load. The results show that lens ring has the characteristic of self-tightening,which is related to structural type, geometrical dimension and material of lens ring.
     Adopting design by analysis theory and maximum deformation energy theory to evaluatehub failure stress, the results show, based on the strength design formula deduced fromcontact load formula established in the paper, the hub structure is safe and reliable, plasticcollapse and local failure will not happen.
     Through the analysis of critical state of collet connector, the results show sealing state issafe and reliable under50Mpa. It shows the strength design and check formulas are correctand valid, reflects the critical failure state of collet connector.
     Hydraulic pressure experiment on lens ring with hub achieves the highest sealing state of65MPa. Hydraulic pressure experiment on prototype of collet connector is safe and steady in50Mpa. The above results show the sealing performance of collet connector is safe andreliable, the structure design is reasonable, confirming the correctness and effectiveness ofload calculation and strength design formulas.
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