从主体性到主体间性
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摘要
With the Cultural Turn and the Translator's Turn in translation studies, the long-neglected translator has gradually gained the due attention. Translation is such a complicated process that we can not turn a blind eye to the most active participant involved, namely the translator, who plays a very important role in the translating process, during which the translator makes various decisions. In this dynamic process, the translator is the translating subject, and his subjectivity can not be denied.
This paper will focus on the study of translator-subject, especially the translator's subjectivity. Translator is termed as the translating subject for it is the translator who DOES the translation. In the long history of human civilization, translator has experienced so much, from being invisible to being visible. There has been quite a lot of discussion on the translator and his subjectivity recently. What is the translator's subjectivity? I come up with my understanding of the translator's subjectivity as "passive" one and the "active" one. By "passive", I mean that the translator tries to overcome some difficulties brought by the pragmatic constraints, while, by "active", I mean that the translation serves to realize the translator's cultural agenda or political agenda. Examples, like the literary translation in the late Qing Dynasty and the feminist translation practice, will be given to support my argument.
Is the translator the only subject involved in the translating process? To answer this question, I first deconstruct and then reconstruct the translating process, so as to prove that the translating process is "a communicative process which takes place within a social context" (Hatim 2001:3). Through several rough graphs, this paper tries to find, besides the translator-subject, other subjects involved in the translating process. The discovery of other subjects involved is of
great significance, for it is conducive to a better understanding of the relationship between the translator-subject and other subjects involved. Then, the paper goes to detail the inter-subjective relationship among these subjects involved in literary translation, and such relationship can be well understood through their dialogue, which serves to be the means for mutual understanding or fusion of horizons in hermeneutic term among these subjects involved. Then, what does dialogue mean here? The paper answers this question by resorting to Bahktin's dialogism. Furthermore, the paper studies in detail what the dialogues among these subjects concerned cover, namely the cultural conflicts, ideological conflicts, and ethical conflicts.
Through the descriptive study, this paper tries to justify the translator's subjectivity, clarify the translating process and the subjects involved, and verify the intersubjective relationship among these subjects involved in the literary translation, for all these efforts will be conducive to our understanding of the translator-centered literary translation.
引文
1. Bassnett, Susan and Andr(?) Lefevere (eds). 1998. Constructing Cultures.Essays on Literary Translation. Clevedon et al.: Multilingual Matters.
2. Bell, Roger, T. 1991.Transaltion and Translating: Theory and Practice.Longman & New York: Longman.
3. Delisle, Jean and Woodsworth, Judith (eds.) 1995. Translators Through History. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
4. Gadamer, H. 1999. Truth and Method. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House.
5. Gentzler, Edwin 1993. Contemporary Translation Theories. London & New York: Routledge.
6. Hatim, Basil. 2001. Teaching and Researching Translation. England: Person Education Limited.
7. Hatim, Basil & Ian Mason. The Translator as Communicator. 1997. London and New York:Routledge.
8. Hermans, Theo (ed.). 1985. The Manipulation of Literature. Studies in Literary Translation. London and Sydney: Croom Helm.
9. Landers, Clifford (ed.). 2001. Literary Translation: A Practical Guide.Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto, Sydney: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
10. Lefevere, Andr(?) and Susan Bassnett. 1990. Translation, History and Culture, London: Pinter.
11. Luo Xuanmin. 2002. 'Elegance' in translation: a post-colonial mark.Perspective: 2002:3
12. Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London and New York: Routledge.
13. Pollard, David (ed.). 1998. Translation and Creation.
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
14. Robinson, Douglas 1991 The Translator's Turn, Baltimore & London: John Hopkins University Press.
15. Robinson, Douglas. 1997. Western Translation Theory From Herodotus to Nietzsche, Manchester, UK: St. Jerome Publishing
16. Robinson, Douglas 2001 Who Translates?: Translator Subjectivities Beyond Reason, Baltimore & London: John Hopkins University Press.
17. Simon, Sherry. 1996. Gender in Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission, London: Routledge
18. Toury, Gideon. 1995. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond.Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.
19. Venuti, Lawrence (ed.). 1992. Rethinking Translation. Discourse, Subjectivity,Ideology. London and New York: Routledge.
20. Venuti, Lawrence. 1995. The Translator's Invisibility. A History of Translation. London and New York: Routledge.
21. Venuti, Lawrence (ed.). 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
22. Von Flotow, Luise. 1997. Translation and Gender:Translating in the "Era of Feminism ". Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
1．蔡新乐．文学翻译的艺术哲学[M]．开封：河南大学出版社．2001
2．陈大亮．谁是翻译主体[J]．中国翻译，2004(1)
3．陈德鸿、张南峰编．《西方翻译理论精选》，香港：城市大学出版社，2000
4．但冰若．关于翻译的哲学思考[J]．贵州师范大学学报，1996(3)
5．董小英．再登巴比塔：巴赫金与对话理论[M]．北京：生活读书新知三连书店，1994
6．方汉文．比较文学高等原理[M]．海口：南方出版社．2002
7．冯庆华．论译者的风格[A]．谢天振(主编)．翻译的理论建构与文化透视[C]．上海：上海外语教育出版社．2000
8．傅敬民．论译者的个性问题[J]．上海科技翻译．1997(4)
9．傅雷．傅雷经典作品选[C]．北京：当代世界出版社．2002
10．高宁．论译者的主体性地位[J]．上海科技翻译．1997(1)
11．高术．理性主义翻译观对译作的影响[J]．江苏外语教学研究．2003(1)
12．高玉．论翻译文学对中国现代文学发生的影响及其限度[J]．江汉论坛，2001(1)
13．辜正坤．中西诗比较鉴赏与翻译理论[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2003
14．郭建中．当代美国翻译理论[M]．武汉：湖北教育出版社．1999
15．郭湛．主体性哲学：人的存在及其意义[M]．昆明：云南人民出版社，2002
16．韩子满．翻译中的理性与对话性——罗宾逊的《译者的转变》评介[J]．广东外语外贸大学学报．2003(3)
17．洪汉鼎．理解的真理[M]．济南：山东人民出版社．2001
18．胡经之、王岳川．文艺美学方法论[M]．北京：北京大学出版社．2001
19．李静滢．论翻译中文本阐释与译者的取向作用[J]．深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2001(11)
20．黎舟．“只希望把别人的作品变成我的武器”——论巴金对外国文学作
品的接受与译介[J]．福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)．1998(1)
21．廖七一．硬币的另一面——论胡适诗歌翻译转型期中的译者主体性[J]．中国比较文学．2003(1)
22．刘宓庆．翻译与语言哲学[M]．北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
23．刘再复．论文学的主体性[J]．文艺评论．1985(6)、1986(1)
24．吕俊、侯向群．英汉翻译教程[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
25．穆雷、诗怡．翻译主体的“发现”与研究[J]．中国翻译，2003(1)
26．宋志平．论翻译过程中的主体意识[J]。东北师大学报(哲学社会版)，2000(6)
27．孙艺风．翻译规范与主体意识[J]．中国翻译，2003(3)
28．孙致礼．翻译与叛逆[J]．中国翻译，2001(4)
29．田德蓓．论译者的身份[J]．中国翻译．2000(6)
30．屠国元、朱献珑．译者主体性：阐释学的阐释[J]．中国翻译．2003(6)
31．王东风．一只看不见的手——论意识形态对翻译实践的操纵[J]．中国翻译，2003(5)
32．王宏印．英汉翻译综合教程[M]．西安：陕西师范大学出版社1988
33．谢天振．建立中国译学研究的文艺学派[J]．外国语，1995．4
34．谢天振．论文学翻译的创造性叛逆[J]．外国语，1992(1)
35．谢天振．译介学[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999
36．谢天振．作者本意和文本本意——解释学理论与翻译研究[A]．谢天振(主编)．翻译的理论建构与文化透视[C]．上海：上海外语教育出版社．2000
37．许宝强、袁伟(选编)．语言与翻译的政治．北京：中央编译出版社．2000
38．许钧(a)．“创造性叛逆”和翻译主体性的确立[J]．中国翻译，2003(1)
39．许钧(b)．翻译的主体间性与视界融合[J]．外语教学与研究，2003(7)
40．许钧．译者的追求与读者的审美期待及其它[J]．解放军外语学院学报，1996(5)
41．严绍盪．“文化语境”与“变异体”以及文学的发生学[A]．多变文化研究第一卷[C]．，北京大学比较文学与比较文化研究所编．北京：新世界出版社，2001
42．杨春时．文学理论：从主体性到主体间性[J]．厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)．2002(1)
43．杨恒达．作为交往行为的翻译[A]．谢天振(主编)．翻译的理论建构与文化透视[C]．上海：上海外语教育出版社．2000
44．杨联芬．林纾与中国文学现代性的发生[J]．中国现代文学研究丛刊．2002(4)
45．杨柳．交互主体性VS主体性：全球化语境下的译本整合形态[J]．外语与外语教学．2003(9)
46．杨武能．再谈文学翻译主体[J]．中国翻译，2003(3)
47．杨武能．翻译·解释·阐释[J]．外语与翻译，1998
48．殷鼎．理解的命运[M]．北京：生活读书新知三连书店．1988
49．袁莉．关于翻译主体研究的构想[A]．张柏然、许钧(主编)．面向21世纪的译学研究[C]．北京：商务印书馆，2002
50．查明建、田雨．论译者的主体性——从译者文化地位的边缘化谈起[J]．中国翻译，2003(1)
51．郑海凌．文学翻译学[M]．郑州：文心出版社2000
52．郑海凌．和谐与不隔[J]．外国文学动态，2003(1)
53．仲伟合、方开瑞．翻译就是征服——尼采的翻译哲学[J]．中国翻译，2001(1)
54．邹振环．影响中国近代社会的一百种译作[M]．北京：中国对外翻译出版公司．1994
2. Bell, Roger, T. 1991.Transaltion and Translating: Theory and Practice.Longman & New York: Longman.
3. Delisle, Jean and Woodsworth, Judith (eds.) 1995. Translators Through History. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
4. Gadamer, H. 1999. Truth and Method. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House.
5. Gentzler, Edwin 1993. Contemporary Translation Theories. London & New York: Routledge.
6. Hatim, Basil. 2001. Teaching and Researching Translation. England: Person Education Limited.
7. Hatim, Basil & Ian Mason. The Translator as Communicator. 1997. London and New York:Routledge.
8. Hermans, Theo (ed.). 1985. The Manipulation of Literature. Studies in Literary Translation. London and Sydney: Croom Helm.
9. Landers, Clifford (ed.). 2001. Literary Translation: A Practical Guide.Clevedon, Buffalo, Toronto, Sydney: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
10. Lefevere, Andr(?) and Susan Bassnett. 1990. Translation, History and Culture, London: Pinter.
11. Luo Xuanmin. 2002. 'Elegance' in translation: a post-colonial mark.Perspective: 2002:3
12. Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London and New York: Routledge.
13. Pollard, David (ed.). 1998. Translation and Creation.
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
14. Robinson, Douglas 1991 The Translator's Turn, Baltimore & London: John Hopkins University Press.
15. Robinson, Douglas. 1997. Western Translation Theory From Herodotus to Nietzsche, Manchester, UK: St. Jerome Publishing
16. Robinson, Douglas 2001 Who Translates?: Translator Subjectivities Beyond Reason, Baltimore & London: John Hopkins University Press.
17. Simon, Sherry. 1996. Gender in Translation: Cultural Identity and the Politics of Transmission, London: Routledge
18. Toury, Gideon. 1995. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond.Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins.
19. Venuti, Lawrence (ed.). 1992. Rethinking Translation. Discourse, Subjectivity,Ideology. London and New York: Routledge.
20. Venuti, Lawrence. 1995. The Translator's Invisibility. A History of Translation. London and New York: Routledge.
21. Venuti, Lawrence (ed.). 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London and New York: Routledge.
22. Von Flotow, Luise. 1997. Translation and Gender:Translating in the "Era of Feminism ". Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
1．蔡新乐．文学翻译的艺术哲学[M]．开封：河南大学出版社．2001
2．陈大亮．谁是翻译主体[J]．中国翻译，2004(1)
3．陈德鸿、张南峰编．《西方翻译理论精选》，香港：城市大学出版社，2000
4．但冰若．关于翻译的哲学思考[J]．贵州师范大学学报，1996(3)
5．董小英．再登巴比塔：巴赫金与对话理论[M]．北京：生活读书新知三连书店，1994
6．方汉文．比较文学高等原理[M]．海口：南方出版社．2002
7．冯庆华．论译者的风格[A]．谢天振(主编)．翻译的理论建构与文化透视[C]．上海：上海外语教育出版社．2000
8．傅敬民．论译者的个性问题[J]．上海科技翻译．1997(4)
9．傅雷．傅雷经典作品选[C]．北京：当代世界出版社．2002
10．高宁．论译者的主体性地位[J]．上海科技翻译．1997(1)
11．高术．理性主义翻译观对译作的影响[J]．江苏外语教学研究．2003(1)
12．高玉．论翻译文学对中国现代文学发生的影响及其限度[J]．江汉论坛，2001(1)
13．辜正坤．中西诗比较鉴赏与翻译理论[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2003
14．郭建中．当代美国翻译理论[M]．武汉：湖北教育出版社．1999
15．郭湛．主体性哲学：人的存在及其意义[M]．昆明：云南人民出版社，2002
16．韩子满．翻译中的理性与对话性——罗宾逊的《译者的转变》评介[J]．广东外语外贸大学学报．2003(3)
17．洪汉鼎．理解的真理[M]．济南：山东人民出版社．2001
18．胡经之、王岳川．文艺美学方法论[M]．北京：北京大学出版社．2001
19．李静滢．论翻译中文本阐释与译者的取向作用[J]．深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2001(11)
20．黎舟．“只希望把别人的作品变成我的武器”——论巴金对外国文学作
品的接受与译介[J]．福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)．1998(1)
21．廖七一．硬币的另一面——论胡适诗歌翻译转型期中的译者主体性[J]．中国比较文学．2003(1)
22．刘宓庆．翻译与语言哲学[M]．北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
23．刘再复．论文学的主体性[J]．文艺评论．1985(6)、1986(1)
24．吕俊、侯向群．英汉翻译教程[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001
25．穆雷、诗怡．翻译主体的“发现”与研究[J]．中国翻译，2003(1)
26．宋志平．论翻译过程中的主体意识[J]。东北师大学报(哲学社会版)，2000(6)
27．孙艺风．翻译规范与主体意识[J]．中国翻译，2003(3)
28．孙致礼．翻译与叛逆[J]．中国翻译，2001(4)
29．田德蓓．论译者的身份[J]．中国翻译．2000(6)
30．屠国元、朱献珑．译者主体性：阐释学的阐释[J]．中国翻译．2003(6)
31．王东风．一只看不见的手——论意识形态对翻译实践的操纵[J]．中国翻译，2003(5)
32．王宏印．英汉翻译综合教程[M]．西安：陕西师范大学出版社1988
33．谢天振．建立中国译学研究的文艺学派[J]．外国语，1995．4
34．谢天振．论文学翻译的创造性叛逆[J]．外国语，1992(1)
35．谢天振．译介学[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999
36．谢天振．作者本意和文本本意——解释学理论与翻译研究[A]．谢天振(主编)．翻译的理论建构与文化透视[C]．上海：上海外语教育出版社．2000
37．许宝强、袁伟(选编)．语言与翻译的政治．北京：中央编译出版社．2000
38．许钧(a)．“创造性叛逆”和翻译主体性的确立[J]．中国翻译，2003(1)
39．许钧(b)．翻译的主体间性与视界融合[J]．外语教学与研究，2003(7)
40．许钧．译者的追求与读者的审美期待及其它[J]．解放军外语学院学报，1996(5)
41．严绍盪．“文化语境”与“变异体”以及文学的发生学[A]．多变文化研究第一卷[C]．，北京大学比较文学与比较文化研究所编．北京：新世界出版社，2001
42．杨春时．文学理论：从主体性到主体间性[J]．厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版)．2002(1)
43．杨恒达．作为交往行为的翻译[A]．谢天振(主编)．翻译的理论建构与文化透视[C]．上海：上海外语教育出版社．2000
44．杨联芬．林纾与中国文学现代性的发生[J]．中国现代文学研究丛刊．2002(4)
45．杨柳．交互主体性VS主体性：全球化语境下的译本整合形态[J]．外语与外语教学．2003(9)
46．杨武能．再谈文学翻译主体[J]．中国翻译，2003(3)
47．杨武能．翻译·解释·阐释[J]．外语与翻译，1998
48．殷鼎．理解的命运[M]．北京：生活读书新知三连书店．1988
49．袁莉．关于翻译主体研究的构想[A]．张柏然、许钧(主编)．面向21世纪的译学研究[C]．北京：商务印书馆，2002
50．查明建、田雨．论译者的主体性——从译者文化地位的边缘化谈起[J]．中国翻译，2003(1)
51．郑海凌．文学翻译学[M]．郑州：文心出版社2000
52．郑海凌．和谐与不隔[J]．外国文学动态，2003(1)
53．仲伟合、方开瑞．翻译就是征服——尼采的翻译哲学[J]．中国翻译，2001(1)
54．邹振环．影响中国近代社会的一百种译作[M]．北京：中国对外翻译出版公司．1994