从哲学阐释学角度看翻译中的文本解读
摘要
本文以哲学阐释学理论与翻译理论相结合作为立论基础，旨在从哲学角度为翻译中的文本解读提供全新的视点。
文章首先以文献学、语言学、对比文学以及符号学等不同学科为主线对西方译学文本解读理论进行了回顾，此后以历史发展时期为主线，对中国古代译学理论、晚清明初译学理论、民国时期译学理论以及新中国成立后的译学理论进行了回顾，并在此基础上引入德国哲学家、阐释学派著名代表人物伽达莫尔的哲学阐释学基本理论，从偏见及前理解的形成、读者以文本为媒介与作者进行的对话、视域融合、效果历史等不同角度将其与翻译领域自身的理论相结合，从全新的角度就翻译中的文本解读提出具体的可行性操作方案。
但由伽达莫尔提出的哲学阐释学理论体系自身并不是完美无暇的，某些论点尚存在许多争议，本文特别指出哲学阐释学自身理论体系中存在的缺陷，并与具体的翻译实践相结合，以指出译者在应用阐释学理论进行文本解读的过程中应特别注意的问题及应力避的错误。
The theoretical framework of this thesis paper is based on the combination of theories developed from both translation studies and philosophical hermeneutics. The aim lies in providing original perspectives for the process of text interpretation in translation studies.
After a brief review of theories of text interpretation developed in the west based on philology, linguistics, comparative literature and those developed in China in different historical periods, including the theories developed in ancient China, in the Semi-colonial, Semi-feudal Society, during the Republic period of China and those developed after the foundation of the PRC, the paper introduces philosophical hermeneutics put forward by the famous German philosopher Hans Gadamer. The basic concepts of his theoretical framework include: the formation of pre-understanding, the interpretation process which is dialogue in essence, fusion of horizons and effective history, all of which are discussed in combination with the translation theories with a view to put forward practicable outline for text interpretation in translation studies.
Yet, philosophical hermeneutic theories proposed by Hans Gadamer are by no means flawless. There's still much controversy as to some propositions he put forward. The paper also makes clear the underlying defects of it and on which basis points out the traps posed by it a translator should be aware of.
文章首先以文献学、语言学、对比文学以及符号学等不同学科为主线对西方译学文本解读理论进行了回顾，此后以历史发展时期为主线，对中国古代译学理论、晚清明初译学理论、民国时期译学理论以及新中国成立后的译学理论进行了回顾，并在此基础上引入德国哲学家、阐释学派著名代表人物伽达莫尔的哲学阐释学基本理论，从偏见及前理解的形成、读者以文本为媒介与作者进行的对话、视域融合、效果历史等不同角度将其与翻译领域自身的理论相结合，从全新的角度就翻译中的文本解读提出具体的可行性操作方案。
但由伽达莫尔提出的哲学阐释学理论体系自身并不是完美无暇的，某些论点尚存在许多争议，本文特别指出哲学阐释学自身理论体系中存在的缺陷，并与具体的翻译实践相结合，以指出译者在应用阐释学理论进行文本解读的过程中应特别注意的问题及应力避的错误。
The theoretical framework of this thesis paper is based on the combination of theories developed from both translation studies and philosophical hermeneutics. The aim lies in providing original perspectives for the process of text interpretation in translation studies.
After a brief review of theories of text interpretation developed in the west based on philology, linguistics, comparative literature and those developed in China in different historical periods, including the theories developed in ancient China, in the Semi-colonial, Semi-feudal Society, during the Republic period of China and those developed after the foundation of the PRC, the paper introduces philosophical hermeneutics put forward by the famous German philosopher Hans Gadamer. The basic concepts of his theoretical framework include: the formation of pre-understanding, the interpretation process which is dialogue in essence, fusion of horizons and effective history, all of which are discussed in combination with the translation theories with a view to put forward practicable outline for text interpretation in translation studies.
Yet, philosophical hermeneutic theories proposed by Hans Gadamer are by no means flawless. There's still much controversy as to some propositions he put forward. The paper also makes clear the underlying defects of it and on which basis points out the traps posed by it a translator should be aware of.
引文
1 Theories of Translation, An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida ed. R. Schulte and J. Biguenet, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London(1992) p.12.
2 Theories of Translation, An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida ed. R. Schulte and J. Biguenet, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London(1992) p.12.
3 Theories of Translation, An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida ed. R. Schulte and J. Biguenet, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London(1992) p.15
4 Yanfu put it as“达旨”．See陈福康(2000)《中国译学理论史稿》，上海外语教育出版社，p．115
5 As Yanfu put it“文学繁复而无关宏旨，则概括要义译之”，“所言多当时琐节，则删置之”．See陈福康(2000)《中国译学理论史稿》，上海外语教育出版社，p．116
6 According to Heidagger, "Da" means "like this" and "sein" means "existence". "Dasein" refers to the state of "appearing" and "unfolding" of "existence".
7 Gadamer (1975) Truth and Method Translated by Garrett Barden and John Cunning, London: Sheed and Ward p.5
8 Gadamer (1975) Truth and Method Translated by Garrett Barden and John Cunning, London: Sheed and Ward p.401
9 Jeremy Munday (2001), Introducing Translation Studies Theories &Practices
10 Mary Snell-Hornby (2001) Translation Studies An integrated Approach, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
11 艾略特《拉姆伯斯断想》
12 Gordon, L. (1977) Eliot's Early Years, Athens: Ohio University Press p.89
13 《欧美现代学派文学三十讲》贵州人民出版社编p．22
14 Peter Newmark (2001), Approaches to Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
15 Eugene A. Nida (2001) Language and Culture Contexts in Translation p.103-104 Shanghai Foreign Language Press
16 章启群(2002)《意义的本体论》，上海译文出版社p．144
Baker, M. (2000) In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation, Foreign Language Education and Research Press.
Bassnett, S. and Andre Lefevere (2001) Constructing Cultures Essays on Literary Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Catford J.C. (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation London: Oxford University Press.
Chomsky, Noam (1965)A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Cambridge MA: M1T Press.
Gadamer (1975) Truth and Method Translated by Garrett Barden and John Cunning, London: Sheed and Ward.
Gile, Daniel (1995) Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company.
Gordon, L. (1977) Eliot's Early Years, Athens: Ohio University Press.
Hickey, L. (2001) The Pragmatics of Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Joos, Martin Semiology: A Linguistic Theory of Meaning, Studies in Linguistics 53-67.
Munday, J. (2001) Introducing Translation Studies Theories & Practice.
Newmark, P. (2001)Approaches to Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark, P.(2001)A Textbook of Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, Eugene A. (2001) Language and Culture Contexts in Translating, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Ricoeur, Paul (1969) Le Conflit des interpr(?)tations:essays d'herm(?)neutique Paris: Editions de Seuil.
Snell-Homby, M. (2001) Translation Studies An Integrated Approach, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Steiner, George (1975) After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation London: Oxford University Press.
北冈诚司(日)《对话与狂欢—巴赫金》魏炫译 河北教育出版社，2002
曹山柯《翻译：文本意义的实现》 《外国语》1999年第3期
陈福康《中国译学理论史稿》上海外语教育出版社，2000
程爱华《当代美语的嬗变与翻译》《中国翻译》2000年第6期
蒂费纳·萨莫瓦约(法) 《互文性研究》邵炜译 天津人民出版社，2003
冯国华 吴群《英译汉别裁》外文出版社，2001
冯庆华《英汉互译实用翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社，1997
辜正坤《中西诗比较鉴赏与翻译理论》清华大学出版社，2003
郭建中编《文化与翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司，2000
韩子满《文化失衡与文学翻译》《中国翻译》2000年第2期
贺微《翻译：文本与译者的对话》《外国语》1999年第1期
洪汉鼎《诠释学—它的历史和当代发展》人民出版社，2002
洪汉鼎《理解的真理—解读伽达默尔〈真理与方法〉》山东人民出版社，2001
胡清平《音意兼译—外来语中译之首选》《中国翻译》2001年第6期
黄必康《试论西方文学理论中的文本与社会历史语境》《外国语》1998年第4期
李建盛《理解事件与文本意义—文学诠释学》上海译文出版社，2001
刘放桐等《现代西方哲学》人民出版社，1989
刘宓庆《翻译与最声哲学》中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
吕俊 候向群《英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社，2001
吕俊《哲学的语言论转向对翻译研究的启示》《外国语》2000年第5期
玛丽雅娜·勒代雷(法)《释意学派口笔译理论》刘和平译 中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
司马云杰《价值实现论》陕西人民出版社，2003
宋天锡 袁江 袁冬鹅《翻译新概念 英汉互译实用教程》国防工业出版社，2000
丸山高司(日)《伽达默尔 视野融合》刘文柱 赵玉婷 孙彬 刁榴译 河北教育出版社，2002
王佐良，“翻译中的文化比较”《翻译：思考与试笔》外研社，1989
吴钧陶主编《唐诗三百首》湖南出版社，1992
吴友富编《国俗语义研究(论文集)》上海外语教育出版社，2001
杨自俭主编《英汉语比较与翻译3》上海外语教育出版社，2000
袁澍涓《现代西方著名哲学家评传》四川人民出版社1988
张德让《伽达默尔哲学解释学与翻译研究》《中国翻译》2001年第4期
章启群《意义的本体论—哲学诠释学》上海译文出版社，2002
张维为 《英汉同声传译》 中国对外翻译出版公司，1999
郑海凌《译语的异化与优化》《中国翻译》2001年第3期
2 Theories of Translation, An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida ed. R. Schulte and J. Biguenet, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London(1992) p.12.
3 Theories of Translation, An Anthology of Essays from Dryden to Derrida ed. R. Schulte and J. Biguenet, University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London(1992) p.15
4 Yanfu put it as“达旨”．See陈福康(2000)《中国译学理论史稿》，上海外语教育出版社，p．115
5 As Yanfu put it“文学繁复而无关宏旨，则概括要义译之”，“所言多当时琐节，则删置之”．See陈福康(2000)《中国译学理论史稿》，上海外语教育出版社，p．116
6 According to Heidagger, "Da" means "like this" and "sein" means "existence". "Dasein" refers to the state of "appearing" and "unfolding" of "existence".
7 Gadamer (1975) Truth and Method Translated by Garrett Barden and John Cunning, London: Sheed and Ward p.5
8 Gadamer (1975) Truth and Method Translated by Garrett Barden and John Cunning, London: Sheed and Ward p.401
9 Jeremy Munday (2001), Introducing Translation Studies Theories &Practices
10 Mary Snell-Hornby (2001) Translation Studies An integrated Approach, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
11 艾略特《拉姆伯斯断想》
12 Gordon, L. (1977) Eliot's Early Years, Athens: Ohio University Press p.89
13 《欧美现代学派文学三十讲》贵州人民出版社编p．22
14 Peter Newmark (2001), Approaches to Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
15 Eugene A. Nida (2001) Language and Culture Contexts in Translation p.103-104 Shanghai Foreign Language Press
16 章启群(2002)《意义的本体论》，上海译文出版社p．144
Baker, M. (2000) In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation, Foreign Language Education and Research Press.
Bassnett, S. and Andre Lefevere (2001) Constructing Cultures Essays on Literary Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Catford J.C. (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation London: Oxford University Press.
Chomsky, Noam (1965)A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Cambridge MA: M1T Press.
Gadamer (1975) Truth and Method Translated by Garrett Barden and John Cunning, London: Sheed and Ward.
Gile, Daniel (1995) Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing Company.
Gordon, L. (1977) Eliot's Early Years, Athens: Ohio University Press.
Hickey, L. (2001) The Pragmatics of Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Joos, Martin Semiology: A Linguistic Theory of Meaning, Studies in Linguistics 53-67.
Munday, J. (2001) Introducing Translation Studies Theories & Practice.
Newmark, P. (2001)Approaches to Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark, P.(2001)A Textbook of Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, Eugene A. (2001) Language and Culture Contexts in Translating, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Ricoeur, Paul (1969) Le Conflit des interpr(?)tations:essays d'herm(?)neutique Paris: Editions de Seuil.
Snell-Homby, M. (2001) Translation Studies An Integrated Approach, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Steiner, George (1975) After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation London: Oxford University Press.
北冈诚司(日)《对话与狂欢—巴赫金》魏炫译 河北教育出版社，2002
曹山柯《翻译：文本意义的实现》 《外国语》1999年第3期
陈福康《中国译学理论史稿》上海外语教育出版社，2000
程爱华《当代美语的嬗变与翻译》《中国翻译》2000年第6期
蒂费纳·萨莫瓦约(法) 《互文性研究》邵炜译 天津人民出版社，2003
冯国华 吴群《英译汉别裁》外文出版社，2001
冯庆华《英汉互译实用翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社，1997
辜正坤《中西诗比较鉴赏与翻译理论》清华大学出版社，2003
郭建中编《文化与翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司，2000
韩子满《文化失衡与文学翻译》《中国翻译》2000年第2期
贺微《翻译：文本与译者的对话》《外国语》1999年第1期
洪汉鼎《诠释学—它的历史和当代发展》人民出版社，2002
洪汉鼎《理解的真理—解读伽达默尔〈真理与方法〉》山东人民出版社，2001
胡清平《音意兼译—外来语中译之首选》《中国翻译》2001年第6期
黄必康《试论西方文学理论中的文本与社会历史语境》《外国语》1998年第4期
李建盛《理解事件与文本意义—文学诠释学》上海译文出版社，2001
刘放桐等《现代西方哲学》人民出版社，1989
刘宓庆《翻译与最声哲学》中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
吕俊 候向群《英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社，2001
吕俊《哲学的语言论转向对翻译研究的启示》《外国语》2000年第5期
玛丽雅娜·勒代雷(法)《释意学派口笔译理论》刘和平译 中国对外翻译出版公司，2001
司马云杰《价值实现论》陕西人民出版社，2003
宋天锡 袁江 袁冬鹅《翻译新概念 英汉互译实用教程》国防工业出版社，2000
丸山高司(日)《伽达默尔 视野融合》刘文柱 赵玉婷 孙彬 刁榴译 河北教育出版社，2002
王佐良，“翻译中的文化比较”《翻译：思考与试笔》外研社，1989
吴钧陶主编《唐诗三百首》湖南出版社，1992
吴友富编《国俗语义研究(论文集)》上海外语教育出版社，2001
杨自俭主编《英汉语比较与翻译3》上海外语教育出版社，2000
袁澍涓《现代西方著名哲学家评传》四川人民出版社1988
张德让《伽达默尔哲学解释学与翻译研究》《中国翻译》2001年第4期
章启群《意义的本体论—哲学诠释学》上海译文出版社，2002
张维为 《英汉同声传译》 中国对外翻译出版公司，1999
郑海凌《译语的异化与优化》《中国翻译》2001年第3期