超长水池结构预应力技术应用与分析
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摘要
本文以哈尔滨文昌污水处理厂二期工程曝气池为工程实例,探讨了预应力技术在超长矩形水池结构中的应用。通过对超长矩形水池池壁的内力分析和结构设计,讨论了预应力筋在超长矩形水池中的施工工艺的方法,研究了预应力技术在水池结构设计中的适用性与可行性。主要研究内容如下：
(1)通过对无粘结预应力技术在超长结构中的应用研究,讨论了超长水池结构设计中的关键问题。对于超长水池结构,在满足承载能力极限状态的前提下,关键还要满足正常使用极限状态的要求,即水池的抗渗性的要求。水池结构的设计关键在于控制裂缝的宽度,而预应力技术恰恰能够弥补普通钢筋混凝土的缺陷,从而达到控制裂缝宽度的要求。
(2)对矩形水池中无粘结预应力筋的施工工艺进行了研究。矩形水池中无粘结预应力筋分为水平和竖直两种。水平方向的预应力筋采用两端同时张拉工艺,并采用分批张拉；竖直方向的预应力筋采用一侧张拉工艺,在池壁顶端张拉。水平向两端同时张拉能保证水池壁板受力对称、均匀,竖直方向采用顶端张拉工艺施工方便,而且使壁板与底板紧密相连。
(3)对超长矩形水池结构的受力进行数值模拟。定义了两种荷载工况,一种为池内满水无温度应力；一种为池内满水考虑温度应力。对模型本身的两种支承形式进行了对比,验证了壁板上端走道板在抵抗池内水压力作用时产生的积极作用,但是由于上端铰支,所以在壁板内会产生较大的温度应力,所以走道板的设置一定要结合当地的气候条件。
(4)重点研究了长壁上端自由、短壁上端铰支承的情况。在这种模型中,壁板内的弯矩分布普遍出现了波动现象,而且最大弯矩并没有在温度作用的壁面,而是产生在相邻的壁面,这为实际工程设计提供了参考。
This thesis takes the second stage aeration tank of Harbin wenchang sewage treatment plant project as the engineering example, studies the application of the prestress technology on super-long rectangular pool. Through the internal force analysis and structural design of super-long rectangular tank'wall, this thesis studies the construction technology of prestressed reinforcement, and researches on the applicability and feasibility of prestress technology on water tank structural design. Main research contents are as follows:
(1) Through the study of the application of unbonded prestress technology on the super-long structure, the key problems in the design of super-long water tank are discussed. For super-long tank structure, on the premise of satisfying the ultimate limit state, the key point is satisfying the serviceability limit state, which just is the requirement of impermeability. The design key point of water tank structure is on the control of the crack width, and prestress technology just can make up the defect of common reinforced concrete, and then the requirement of crack control is satisfied.
(2) The construction technology of unbonded prestressed reinforcement is studied. On the rectangular tank the unbonded prestressed reinforcement is divided into two kinds of the horizontal and vertical direction. For horizontal prestressed reinforcement the tension at two ends is used, and tension in batches is adopted. For vertical prestressed reinforcement the tension on one end is used and the tension is adopted on the top of tank'wall. The tension at two ends simultaneously in horizontal direction can guarantee that the forcing of tank'wall is Symmetrical and uniform.
(3) The numerical simulation of forcing of the super-long tank structure is carried on. Two load cases are defined. One is the situation of full water in the tank and no temperature stress; the other is the situation of full water in the tank considering temperature stress. Two kinds of model are built and compared, through which, the active role of walkway plate on the top of wall in resisting the water pressure is studied. Because the top end of the tank'wall is simple support, the larger temperature stress will generate in the wall, and the setup of walkway plate must be combined with the local climatic conditions.
(4) The model of that the top of long wall is free and the top of short wall is simple support is studied emphatically. In this model, the moment distribution in the wall presents fluctuation phenomenon, and the maximum moment doesn't generate in the wall temperature stress acts, but generates in the adjacent wall, which provides the reference for engineering design.
(1)通过对无粘结预应力技术在超长结构中的应用研究,讨论了超长水池结构设计中的关键问题。对于超长水池结构,在满足承载能力极限状态的前提下,关键还要满足正常使用极限状态的要求,即水池的抗渗性的要求。水池结构的设计关键在于控制裂缝的宽度,而预应力技术恰恰能够弥补普通钢筋混凝土的缺陷,从而达到控制裂缝宽度的要求。
(2)对矩形水池中无粘结预应力筋的施工工艺进行了研究。矩形水池中无粘结预应力筋分为水平和竖直两种。水平方向的预应力筋采用两端同时张拉工艺,并采用分批张拉；竖直方向的预应力筋采用一侧张拉工艺,在池壁顶端张拉。水平向两端同时张拉能保证水池壁板受力对称、均匀,竖直方向采用顶端张拉工艺施工方便,而且使壁板与底板紧密相连。
(3)对超长矩形水池结构的受力进行数值模拟。定义了两种荷载工况,一种为池内满水无温度应力；一种为池内满水考虑温度应力。对模型本身的两种支承形式进行了对比,验证了壁板上端走道板在抵抗池内水压力作用时产生的积极作用,但是由于上端铰支,所以在壁板内会产生较大的温度应力,所以走道板的设置一定要结合当地的气候条件。
(4)重点研究了长壁上端自由、短壁上端铰支承的情况。在这种模型中,壁板内的弯矩分布普遍出现了波动现象,而且最大弯矩并没有在温度作用的壁面,而是产生在相邻的壁面,这为实际工程设计提供了参考。
This thesis takes the second stage aeration tank of Harbin wenchang sewage treatment plant project as the engineering example, studies the application of the prestress technology on super-long rectangular pool. Through the internal force analysis and structural design of super-long rectangular tank'wall, this thesis studies the construction technology of prestressed reinforcement, and researches on the applicability and feasibility of prestress technology on water tank structural design. Main research contents are as follows:
(1) Through the study of the application of unbonded prestress technology on the super-long structure, the key problems in the design of super-long water tank are discussed. For super-long tank structure, on the premise of satisfying the ultimate limit state, the key point is satisfying the serviceability limit state, which just is the requirement of impermeability. The design key point of water tank structure is on the control of the crack width, and prestress technology just can make up the defect of common reinforced concrete, and then the requirement of crack control is satisfied.
(2) The construction technology of unbonded prestressed reinforcement is studied. On the rectangular tank the unbonded prestressed reinforcement is divided into two kinds of the horizontal and vertical direction. For horizontal prestressed reinforcement the tension at two ends is used, and tension in batches is adopted. For vertical prestressed reinforcement the tension on one end is used and the tension is adopted on the top of tank'wall. The tension at two ends simultaneously in horizontal direction can guarantee that the forcing of tank'wall is Symmetrical and uniform.
(3) The numerical simulation of forcing of the super-long tank structure is carried on. Two load cases are defined. One is the situation of full water in the tank and no temperature stress; the other is the situation of full water in the tank considering temperature stress. Two kinds of model are built and compared, through which, the active role of walkway plate on the top of wall in resisting the water pressure is studied. Because the top end of the tank'wall is simple support, the larger temperature stress will generate in the wall, and the setup of walkway plate must be combined with the local climatic conditions.
(4) The model of that the top of long wall is free and the top of short wall is simple support is studied emphatically. In this model, the moment distribution in the wall presents fluctuation phenomenon, and the maximum moment doesn't generate in the wall temperature stress acts, but generates in the adjacent wall, which provides the reference for engineering design.
引文
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[2]庄钊,王凤利.应用无粘接预应力钢筋混凝土技术建设清水池施工难点浅析.黑龙江科技信息,2010,(29)：266页
[3]仝为民,秦杰,刘季康.国家大剧院水池结构预应力设计与施工.建筑结构,2006,(09)：39-42页
[4]何德湛.无粘结预应力技术在圆形水池中的应用.西部探矿工程,2002,(06)：120-121页
[5]何德湛.无粘结预应力技术在圆形水池中的推广和应用.土木工程学报,2002,(04)：109-110页
[6]何德湛.无粘结预应力技术在圆形水池中的推广和应用.特种结构,2000,(01)：26-27页
[7]何德湛.圆形水池采用无粘结预应力技术若干问题的探讨.特种结构,2000,(04)：7-11,23页
[8]刘志刚,张成有,张亚锋,等.后张预应力混凝土水池结构设计.预应力技术,2004,(06)：16-18页
[9]卞延彬,余建兴,刘志刚,等.预应力技术在大型水池中的应用.中国给水排水,2005,(11)：62-64页
[10]徐小勇,巩玉发.无粘结预应力混凝土技术在大型矩形水池中的应用.辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(S1)：96-97页
[11]徐辉,邢有红,姜博生,等.无黏结预应力技术在超长结构水池工程施工中的应用.混凝土,2008,(01)：112-113,117页
[12]杨越,来武清.无粘结预应力技术在圆形水池中的设计与应用.重庆建筑,2009,(04)：18-21页
[13]王华义,宋光庭.无粘结部分预应力矩形水池的设计.海威姆预应力技术,2001,(05)：28-29,36页
[14]王大勇,毛耀庭,李文杰,等.无粘结预应力技术在圆形水池设计中的应用.石油化工设计,2009,(01)：10-13,69页
[15]王漫江.后张预应力混凝土水池类结构设计.吉林农业,2010,(12)：335-354页
[16]Gallagher B, Prior C. Post-tensioning techniques reinforce water tanks. Water and Wastewater International,2004,19(3):23-24P
[17]Harger D. Rectangular prestressed tank in a corrosive environment. Concrete International,1992,14(5):41-44P
[18]Heger F J. Concrete domes for water and wastewater tanks. ACI Structural Journal, 1990,87(4):445-452P
[19]Hu D P, Hendrickson B. Seismic design of prestressed concrete tanks. Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Monograph,1999, (16):572-581P
[20]Jorgensen I F, Close S R. Corrosion of circular prestressed concrete water tanks. Part 2 (of 2), April 13,1997-April 16. Portland, OR, USA:ASCE,1997:339-346P
[21]Kuebitz K C, Lucero R E. Design considerations for large prestressed water reservoirs. 2008 Structures Congress-Structures Congress 2008:Crossing the Borders, April 24, 2008-April 26. Vancouver, BC, Canada:American Society of Civil Engineers,2008
[22]Lennen R, Miller G, Prussack C. Precast prestressed concrete-solution of choice for Lincoln Heights water tanks. PCI Journal,1996,41(1):20-33P
[23]Lewis M. Acoustic monitoring of a prestressed concrete tank. Materials Performance, 2002,41(7):56-59P
[24]李从华,邱晓红,陈旭.无粘结预应力新技术在大直径水池中应用的优势.天津建设科技,2008,(S1)：154-157页
[25]樊锦仁.无粘结预应力混凝土矩形水池的技术经济分析.特种结构,2004,(01)：75-76,82页
[26]陈洪亮,柳明江,高亮.预应力技术在某矩形水池加固中的应用.施工技术,2010,(03)：93-95页
[27]闫秀丽.无黏结预应力在磨盘山清水池工程中的应用.黑龙江水利科技,2008,(03)：72-73页
[28]陈春雷,陈海燕,林完仙,等.180m大型扶壁式预应力矩形水池设计及施工.建筑施工,2004,(05)：412-413页
[29]高立人.水平向预应力技术应用于地上矩形混凝土水池.建筑技术,1992,(06)：349-351页
[30]郝志军.无粘结预应力技术在圆形水池结构中的应用.施工技术,2003,(07)：42-43页
[31]许小平.超大型预应力混凝土水池施工工艺.黑龙江科技信息,2010,(05)：285页
[32]石开荣.预应力双层矩形水池结构性能与施工工艺研究.东南大学硕士学位论文,2004：3-18页
[33]计静,杨杰,郑文忠.圆形水池无粘结预应力混凝土池壁结构设计.哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,(02)：43-47页
[34]Armistead T F. Burgeoning California is stressing the water supply. ENR (Engineering News-Record),2007,258(3):24-27P
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