外贴玻璃纤维（GFRP）加固RC双向板在常规武器爆炸作用下的结构性能研究
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摘要
目前,国内对于采用外贴纤维增强聚合物(Fiber Reinforced Polymer—FRP)加固混凝土梁、柱的研究相对比较全面,而对纤维加固混凝土双向板的研究还不多,更不用说对纤维加固混凝土结构在爆炸荷载作用下抗爆性能的研究,这几乎是一片空白。这种状况限制了纤维加固技术在国防、人防工程加固改造中的应用。为此,很有必要对外贴纤维加固混凝土双向板的受力性能、爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应及破坏特征进行系统而深入的研究与分析。
本文通过对5块具有相同尺寸(1500mm*1500mm*150mm)的外贴玻璃纤维(GFRP)钢筋混凝土双向板的实验研究,重点研究了爆炸冲击荷载的作用特点和纤维加固双向板的表面宏观破坏现象、动力响应(包括位移响应、加速度响应、混凝土应变响应、钢筋应变响应、纤维应变响应)。研究结果表明:常规武器爆炸冲击荷载作用下,纤维加固双向板的破坏形态有受弯破坏和弯曲屈服后的剪切破坏;结构顶板的爆炸冲击压力分布极不均匀,响应剧烈,压力峰值出现时间与结构响应和自由场压力有关;结构的板底位移、纤维、钢筋以及混凝土应变响应的最大值出现在压力的衰减段;常规武器爆炸冲击荷载作用下,纤维加固双向板的抗爆炸冲击波的能力得到了明显的提高。根据实验结果,本文进一步讨论了纤维加固双向板在常规武器爆炸冲击荷载作用下的动力响应分析方法;提出常规武器爆炸土中自由场地冲击荷载的实用简化方法;结合双向板弯曲抗力模型,按虚功原理建立了结构的运动微分方程。
同时,本文利用LS-DYNA大型有限元程序,对常规武器爆炸作用下玻璃纤维(GFRP)加固钢筋混凝土双向板的动力响应进行数值模拟。以此与实验及理论相对照。
At present, the researches of beams and columns strengthened by Fiber Reinforced Polymer—FRP is relatively more overall, but the researches of two-way slabs is very little, let alone the structural analysis of two-way slabs subjected to the blast loading.
This study deals with the structural response and ultimate resistance of reinforced concrete two-way slabs retrofitted with externally bonded GFRP. Five 1500 *1500 * 150 mm reinforced concrete two-way slabs were made of C25 concrete and two orthogonal layers of GFRP sheets. One of the slabs was used as control. Four slabs were retrofitted with GFRP sheets applied to the bottom surface. Four retrofitted slabs were subjected to various blast pressures. The blast wave characteristics, including the pressures of the blasts and impulses were measured and recorded. The central deflection and strains in the reinforcing steel and the concrete and the GFRP surfaces were also measured. The post-blast damage and mode of failure of each slab were observed. The test data and observations revealed that the slabs retrofitted with either the GFRP sheets had higher blast resistance and they generally performed better than the control slab.
Theoretical analysis of the test data showed that the software LS-DYNA can predict the blast wave parameters relatively accurately and is a useful tool for estimating blast loads on structures. The dynamic analysis of the slabs was performed using a closed-form solution. When the flexural rigidity of reinforced concrete at different load levels was properly considered, the closed-form solution was able to predict the observed response of the slabs reasonably well.
本文通过对5块具有相同尺寸(1500mm*1500mm*150mm)的外贴玻璃纤维(GFRP)钢筋混凝土双向板的实验研究,重点研究了爆炸冲击荷载的作用特点和纤维加固双向板的表面宏观破坏现象、动力响应(包括位移响应、加速度响应、混凝土应变响应、钢筋应变响应、纤维应变响应)。研究结果表明:常规武器爆炸冲击荷载作用下,纤维加固双向板的破坏形态有受弯破坏和弯曲屈服后的剪切破坏;结构顶板的爆炸冲击压力分布极不均匀,响应剧烈,压力峰值出现时间与结构响应和自由场压力有关;结构的板底位移、纤维、钢筋以及混凝土应变响应的最大值出现在压力的衰减段;常规武器爆炸冲击荷载作用下,纤维加固双向板的抗爆炸冲击波的能力得到了明显的提高。根据实验结果,本文进一步讨论了纤维加固双向板在常规武器爆炸冲击荷载作用下的动力响应分析方法;提出常规武器爆炸土中自由场地冲击荷载的实用简化方法;结合双向板弯曲抗力模型,按虚功原理建立了结构的运动微分方程。
同时,本文利用LS-DYNA大型有限元程序,对常规武器爆炸作用下玻璃纤维(GFRP)加固钢筋混凝土双向板的动力响应进行数值模拟。以此与实验及理论相对照。
At present, the researches of beams and columns strengthened by Fiber Reinforced Polymer—FRP is relatively more overall, but the researches of two-way slabs is very little, let alone the structural analysis of two-way slabs subjected to the blast loading.
This study deals with the structural response and ultimate resistance of reinforced concrete two-way slabs retrofitted with externally bonded GFRP. Five 1500 *1500 * 150 mm reinforced concrete two-way slabs were made of C25 concrete and two orthogonal layers of GFRP sheets. One of the slabs was used as control. Four slabs were retrofitted with GFRP sheets applied to the bottom surface. Four retrofitted slabs were subjected to various blast pressures. The blast wave characteristics, including the pressures of the blasts and impulses were measured and recorded. The central deflection and strains in the reinforcing steel and the concrete and the GFRP surfaces were also measured. The post-blast damage and mode of failure of each slab were observed. The test data and observations revealed that the slabs retrofitted with either the GFRP sheets had higher blast resistance and they generally performed better than the control slab.
Theoretical analysis of the test data showed that the software LS-DYNA can predict the blast wave parameters relatively accurately and is a useful tool for estimating blast loads on structures. The dynamic analysis of the slabs was performed using a closed-form solution. When the flexural rigidity of reinforced concrete at different load levels was properly considered, the closed-form solution was able to predict the observed response of the slabs reasonably well.
引文
[1] 吴智深,FRP 复合材料在基础工程设施的增强和加固方面的现状与发展,中国首届纤维增强塑料(FRP)混凝土结构学术交流会论文集,北京,2000 年 5 月
[2] 冯鹏、叶列平, FRP 结构和 FRP 组合结构在结构工程中的应用和发展,第二届中国纤维增强塑料(FRP)混凝土结构学术交流会论文集,2002 年
[3] 欧阳煜,GFRP 加固混凝土框架结构性能研究,浙江大学博士学位论文,2000 年
[4] 侯岳衡,沈德家,杨秀敏,2010年前防护工程技术的展望,总参工程兵科研四所,北京,1998年
[5] 袁鹏,张燕青,混凝土加固技术在防护工程中的应用,总参工程兵科研四所,北京,2002年
[6] 钱七虎等,防护结构计算原理[M],南京,中国人民解放军工程兵工程学院,1981年 9 月
[7] 柳锦春,方秦等,爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的动力响应及破坏形态分析,解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,2003 年 1 月
[8] 柳锦春,方秦,钱七虎等,爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁破坏形态有限元分析,解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,2001 年 4 月
[9] T. Krauthammer, Shallow-Buried RC Box-Type Structures [J], Journal of Structural Engineering, 1984
[10] J.T. Baylot, Parameters Affecting Load on Buried Structures Subjected to Localized Blast Effects, U.S Army Waterway Experimental Station, Apr.1992
[11] James D. Connell, Blast Response of Retrofitted Concrete Structures, University of Alabama at Birmingham UAB REU Site in Structural Engineering, 1999
[12] Behavior of Structural Concrete Slabs Under Localized Impact, The Pynnsylvania State University, Dce.2002
[13] John.E.Crawford, L.Javier.Malvar, Kenneth.B.Morrill, John.M.Ferritto, Composite Retrofits to Increase the Blast Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, The Tenth International Symposium on Interaction of Munitions with Structures. May 2001
[14] Khalid M.Mosalam, Ayman S.Mosallam, Nonlinear Transient Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Subjected to Blast Loading and Retrofitted with CFRP Composites. Composites Engineering Aug.29.2001
[15] 贺虎成,唐德高,陈向欣,陈妙峰,碳纤维布加固构件抗爆能力提高效果初步研究,建筑技术开发,2002 年 8 月
[16] 贺虎成,唐德高,陈向欣,李水泉,爆炸冲击波作用下碳纤维布加固构件抗弯特性研究,解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2002 年 12 月
[17] T. Krauthammer, N. Bazeros, and T.J. Holmquist. Modified SDOF Analysis of RC Box-Type Structure[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1986
[18] 范俊余,常规武器非直接命中条件下土中自由场荷载及其结构的相互作用研究[硕士论文],解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,2004 年 5 月
[19] Fundamentals of Protective Design for Conventional Weapons, Department of the Army. TM5-855-1,NOV,1986,《常规武器防护设计原理》,方秦等译,工程兵工程学院,1997
[20] ANSYS/LS-DYNA 算法基础和使用方法 5.6 版,美国 ANSYS 股份有限公司北京理工软件技术开发有限公司,2002 年 2 月
[21] 吴红晓,爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板非线形分析[D],解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,1997 年
[22] 王安宝,常规武器爆炸作用下无梁板结构动力响应及破坏特征研究[博士论文],解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,2001 年 5 月
[23] P.Weidlinger, E.Hinman. Analysis of Underground Protective Structures[J], ASCE, Journal of Structure Engineering, 1987
[24] J.T. Baylot, P.G. Hayes, Ground shock loads on buried structures [A]. Proceeding of the 60th shock and vibration symposium(I), 1989.
[25] 江水德,陈肇元,苗启松,冲击波作用下浅埋结构顶板荷载的机理分析,中国土木工程学会防护工程学会第二次学术年会议论文集,1990 年
[26] 江水德,王双进,陈肇元,核爆炸冲击波作用下土中浅埋结构承载能力研究,防护工程,1995 年第二期
[27] S.A. Kiger, P.S. Eagles, and J.T. Baylot, Response of Earth-Covered Slabs in Clay and Sand Backfills, Technical Report SL-84-18,U.S. Army Waterway Experimental Station, Oct., 1984
[28] J.T. Baylot, S.A. Kiger, K.A. Marchana, and J.T. Painter, Response of Buried Structures to Earth-Penetrating Conventional Weapons. ESL-TR-85-09, Engineering & Services Laboratory. Air Force Engineering & Services Center, Nov.1985
[29] 人民防空地下室设计规范 GB50038—94,中华人民共和国建设部,1995 年 5 月
[30] 蓝宗建主编,混凝土结构设计原理,东南大学出版社,南京,2002 年
[31] 混凝土结构设计规范 GB50010-2002,中华人民共和国建设部,2002 年 4 月
[32] 郭志昆,考虑面力作用的浅埋结构抗力分析[博士论文],解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,1995 年
[33] 王年桥,董军,化爆作用下浅埋结构弹塑性动力分析,解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2002 年
[34] 张继文,吕志涛,褚靖宇,马强等,承受均布荷载混凝土双向板的粘板加固设计,建筑结构,2001 年第十二期
[35] 王安保,杨秀敏等,化爆作用下钢筋混凝土板柱节点冲切破坏的试验研究及分析,爆炸与冲击,2001年7月,第三期
[36] 郭樟根,曹双寅,王安宝等,外贴玻璃纤维条带加固 RC 双向板的承载力计算及试验研究,东南大学土木工程学院,南京,2004 年
[37] Chen J F, Teng J G. Anchorage,Strength model for FRP and Steel plate bonded to concrete. ASCE, Journal of Structural Engineering, 2001,127(7):784-791
[38] 亚奥多.克劳恩安默,浅埋钢筋硷箱型结构,防护工程,1985(3)
[39] Drake.J.L, Frank.R.A, Rochefort.M.A. A Simplified Method for the Prediction of the Ground Shock loads on Buried Structures [A].Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures.[c].1983.3—14
[40] 王安宝,王年桥,航炮弹隔土爆炸整体作用下土中浅埋结构项板的动载,防护工程,2000年第2期
[2] 冯鹏、叶列平, FRP 结构和 FRP 组合结构在结构工程中的应用和发展,第二届中国纤维增强塑料(FRP)混凝土结构学术交流会论文集,2002 年
[3] 欧阳煜,GFRP 加固混凝土框架结构性能研究,浙江大学博士学位论文,2000 年
[4] 侯岳衡,沈德家,杨秀敏,2010年前防护工程技术的展望,总参工程兵科研四所,北京,1998年
[5] 袁鹏,张燕青,混凝土加固技术在防护工程中的应用,总参工程兵科研四所,北京,2002年
[6] 钱七虎等,防护结构计算原理[M],南京,中国人民解放军工程兵工程学院,1981年 9 月
[7] 柳锦春,方秦等,爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁的动力响应及破坏形态分析,解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,2003 年 1 月
[8] 柳锦春,方秦,钱七虎等,爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁破坏形态有限元分析,解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,2001 年 4 月
[9] T. Krauthammer, Shallow-Buried RC Box-Type Structures [J], Journal of Structural Engineering, 1984
[10] J.T. Baylot, Parameters Affecting Load on Buried Structures Subjected to Localized Blast Effects, U.S Army Waterway Experimental Station, Apr.1992
[11] James D. Connell, Blast Response of Retrofitted Concrete Structures, University of Alabama at Birmingham UAB REU Site in Structural Engineering, 1999
[12] Behavior of Structural Concrete Slabs Under Localized Impact, The Pynnsylvania State University, Dce.2002
[13] John.E.Crawford, L.Javier.Malvar, Kenneth.B.Morrill, John.M.Ferritto, Composite Retrofits to Increase the Blast Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, The Tenth International Symposium on Interaction of Munitions with Structures. May 2001
[14] Khalid M.Mosalam, Ayman S.Mosallam, Nonlinear Transient Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Subjected to Blast Loading and Retrofitted with CFRP Composites. Composites Engineering Aug.29.2001
[15] 贺虎成,唐德高,陈向欣,陈妙峰,碳纤维布加固构件抗爆能力提高效果初步研究,建筑技术开发,2002 年 8 月
[16] 贺虎成,唐德高,陈向欣,李水泉,爆炸冲击波作用下碳纤维布加固构件抗弯特性研究,解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2002 年 12 月
[17] T. Krauthammer, N. Bazeros, and T.J. Holmquist. Modified SDOF Analysis of RC Box-Type Structure[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1986
[18] 范俊余,常规武器非直接命中条件下土中自由场荷载及其结构的相互作用研究[硕士论文],解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,2004 年 5 月
[19] Fundamentals of Protective Design for Conventional Weapons, Department of the Army. TM5-855-1,NOV,1986,《常规武器防护设计原理》,方秦等译,工程兵工程学院,1997
[20] ANSYS/LS-DYNA 算法基础和使用方法 5.6 版,美国 ANSYS 股份有限公司北京理工软件技术开发有限公司,2002 年 2 月
[21] 吴红晓,爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土板非线形分析[D],解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,1997 年
[22] 王安宝,常规武器爆炸作用下无梁板结构动力响应及破坏特征研究[博士论文],解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,2001 年 5 月
[23] P.Weidlinger, E.Hinman. Analysis of Underground Protective Structures[J], ASCE, Journal of Structure Engineering, 1987
[24] J.T. Baylot, P.G. Hayes, Ground shock loads on buried structures [A]. Proceeding of the 60th shock and vibration symposium(I), 1989.
[25] 江水德,陈肇元,苗启松,冲击波作用下浅埋结构顶板荷载的机理分析,中国土木工程学会防护工程学会第二次学术年会议论文集,1990 年
[26] 江水德,王双进,陈肇元,核爆炸冲击波作用下土中浅埋结构承载能力研究,防护工程,1995 年第二期
[27] S.A. Kiger, P.S. Eagles, and J.T. Baylot, Response of Earth-Covered Slabs in Clay and Sand Backfills, Technical Report SL-84-18,U.S. Army Waterway Experimental Station, Oct., 1984
[28] J.T. Baylot, S.A. Kiger, K.A. Marchana, and J.T. Painter, Response of Buried Structures to Earth-Penetrating Conventional Weapons. ESL-TR-85-09, Engineering & Services Laboratory. Air Force Engineering & Services Center, Nov.1985
[29] 人民防空地下室设计规范 GB50038—94,中华人民共和国建设部,1995 年 5 月
[30] 蓝宗建主编,混凝土结构设计原理,东南大学出版社,南京,2002 年
[31] 混凝土结构设计规范 GB50010-2002,中华人民共和国建设部,2002 年 4 月
[32] 郭志昆,考虑面力作用的浅埋结构抗力分析[博士论文],解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,南京,1995 年
[33] 王年桥,董军,化爆作用下浅埋结构弹塑性动力分析,解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2002 年
[34] 张继文,吕志涛,褚靖宇,马强等,承受均布荷载混凝土双向板的粘板加固设计,建筑结构,2001 年第十二期
[35] 王安保,杨秀敏等,化爆作用下钢筋混凝土板柱节点冲切破坏的试验研究及分析,爆炸与冲击,2001年7月,第三期
[36] 郭樟根,曹双寅,王安宝等,外贴玻璃纤维条带加固 RC 双向板的承载力计算及试验研究,东南大学土木工程学院,南京,2004 年
[37] Chen J F, Teng J G. Anchorage,Strength model for FRP and Steel plate bonded to concrete. ASCE, Journal of Structural Engineering, 2001,127(7):784-791
[38] 亚奥多.克劳恩安默,浅埋钢筋硷箱型结构,防护工程,1985(3)
[39] Drake.J.L, Frank.R.A, Rochefort.M.A. A Simplified Method for the Prediction of the Ground Shock loads on Buried Structures [A].Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Interaction of Non-nuclear Munitions with Structures.[c].1983.3—14
[40] 王安宝,王年桥,航炮弹隔土爆炸整体作用下土中浅埋结构项板的动载,防护工程,2000年第2期