某企业两片罐废水处理站的设计与实践
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摘要
两片罐生产过程中产生的生产废水含油高、酸性大、可生化性差,废水中含有氟离子,其与无机酸或者无机盐混合,使废水难以处理达标。设计一套运行成本较低、处理效果较好的废水处理工艺,是两片罐行业急需解决的问题。某企业主要生产铝质两片罐,生产过程中产生洗涤废水以及洗灌过程中产生乳化液废水,其主要污染物为CODcr、石油类、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、F-等复合污染物,且洗涤废水可生化性较差(BOD5/CODCr<0.2)、酸性大,乳化液废水含油量高、流动性差。本文从两片罐废水处理的工艺选择、工程设计、施工、设备安装等实际应用需求出发,设计了一套废水预处理系统。
通过对该企业两片罐废水水质分析,在充分比较现有两片罐废水预处理技术的基础上,提出了乳化液废水和洗涤废水的预处理方案。对乳化液废水采用30%硫酸酸化破乳联合高效油水分离器的预处理方法,并通过试验确定破乳最优pH为2；对洗涤废水和破乳后的乳化液废水采用两级pH调节处理工艺：1)pH一级调节,利用CaCO3滤床将废水pH调至4.0～5.0,同时废水中的氟离子、硫酸根与CaCO3滤床释放出的钙离子反应生成氟化钙及少量硫酸钙等沉淀而去除,由于CaCO3滤床采用上流式滤床,反应剧烈,产生的沉淀在CO2气体的作用下随水流出滤床,进入下一级反应系统,不会沉积在CaCO3滤床表层而影响钙离子的释放。2)pH二级调节,通过加NaOH溶液将pH调至7.0～9.0,再投加高分子絮凝剂PAC和PAM,进一步强化沉淀效果,加速泥水分离及细小颗粒浮油的去除。
对某两片罐企业废水处理站进行了详细的技术方案论证、工艺设计、工程投资估算和效益分析,并成功的建设了废水处理站。
试运行结果表明,两片罐废水处理工艺可使CODcr、F-、石油类、硫酸盐和磷酸盐的去除率分别在50%、88%、91.5%、94%及38%以上,均能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的三级标准,废水处理成本为2.59元/m3·废水。废水处理工艺设计合理,抗冲击能力强、能够连续自动运行、工艺可靠、技术经济可行,具有重要的实践意义和推广价值。
Wastewater from two-piece-can production has the characteristics of high oil, large acidity, poor biodegradability and containing F-, increasing the difficulty of wastewater pretreatment. It has been a problem urgent to be solved to design a set of wastewater treatment technology with low operation cost and high treatment efficiency. Emulsified wastewater and washing wastewater are produced from a two-piece-can manufacturing enterprise. The major pollutants are CODCr, F-, oil, SO42-, PO43- and so on. The washing wastewater has poor biodegradability and large acidity. The emulsified wastewater has high oil and poor mobility. In this paper, a set of two-piece-can production wastewater system is designed for wastewater pretreatment according to the practical requirement, such as process selection, engineering design, construction, equipment installation.
According to the wastewater quality analysis and comparative analysis of existing wastewater pretreatment technology, the pretreatment process of emulsified wastewater and washing wastewater from two-piece-can production is put forward. The acidification deemulsification and high efficiency oil-water separator were adopted to pretreat emulsified wastewater. The optimum pH obtained through tests in acidification deemulsification is 2. The oil elimination-neutralization-precipitation integrated reactor, containing two-stage pH adjustment system, was adopted to remove complex pollutants and floating oil beads by the addition of flocculants. The pH value is adjusted from 4 to 5 by CaCO3 filter in the first stage pH adjustment system. F- and SO42- are removed by precipitation when reacted with Ca2+. The surface of CaCO3 filter won't covered by precipitation as the CaCO3 filter uses upflow filter. The pH value is adjusted to 7 to 9 by sodium hydroxide solution in the second stage pH adjustment system. And then the polymer flocculants are added to strengthen the sedimentation effect, accelerating the separation of mud and water and the removal of fine particles.
The detailed technical proposal, processing design, estimation of project investment and benefit analysis had been carried out, and the wastewater treatment was planted.
The experimental results of wastewater from two-piece-can production show that the removal rate of CODCr, F-, oil, SO42- and PO43- was over 50%,88%.91.5%,94% and 38%, respectively. The effluent quality can achieve the third class criteria specified in the demand of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and the cost of the pretreatment is 2.59 Yuan/m3. The treatment processing is reasonable and effective for the pretreatment of two-piece-can production wastewater, and can be applied as a model project.
通过对该企业两片罐废水水质分析,在充分比较现有两片罐废水预处理技术的基础上,提出了乳化液废水和洗涤废水的预处理方案。对乳化液废水采用30%硫酸酸化破乳联合高效油水分离器的预处理方法,并通过试验确定破乳最优pH为2；对洗涤废水和破乳后的乳化液废水采用两级pH调节处理工艺：1)pH一级调节,利用CaCO3滤床将废水pH调至4.0～5.0,同时废水中的氟离子、硫酸根与CaCO3滤床释放出的钙离子反应生成氟化钙及少量硫酸钙等沉淀而去除,由于CaCO3滤床采用上流式滤床,反应剧烈,产生的沉淀在CO2气体的作用下随水流出滤床,进入下一级反应系统,不会沉积在CaCO3滤床表层而影响钙离子的释放。2)pH二级调节,通过加NaOH溶液将pH调至7.0～9.0,再投加高分子絮凝剂PAC和PAM,进一步强化沉淀效果,加速泥水分离及细小颗粒浮油的去除。
对某两片罐企业废水处理站进行了详细的技术方案论证、工艺设计、工程投资估算和效益分析,并成功的建设了废水处理站。
试运行结果表明,两片罐废水处理工艺可使CODcr、F-、石油类、硫酸盐和磷酸盐的去除率分别在50%、88%、91.5%、94%及38%以上,均能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的三级标准,废水处理成本为2.59元/m3·废水。废水处理工艺设计合理,抗冲击能力强、能够连续自动运行、工艺可靠、技术经济可行,具有重要的实践意义和推广价值。
Wastewater from two-piece-can production has the characteristics of high oil, large acidity, poor biodegradability and containing F-, increasing the difficulty of wastewater pretreatment. It has been a problem urgent to be solved to design a set of wastewater treatment technology with low operation cost and high treatment efficiency. Emulsified wastewater and washing wastewater are produced from a two-piece-can manufacturing enterprise. The major pollutants are CODCr, F-, oil, SO42-, PO43- and so on. The washing wastewater has poor biodegradability and large acidity. The emulsified wastewater has high oil and poor mobility. In this paper, a set of two-piece-can production wastewater system is designed for wastewater pretreatment according to the practical requirement, such as process selection, engineering design, construction, equipment installation.
According to the wastewater quality analysis and comparative analysis of existing wastewater pretreatment technology, the pretreatment process of emulsified wastewater and washing wastewater from two-piece-can production is put forward. The acidification deemulsification and high efficiency oil-water separator were adopted to pretreat emulsified wastewater. The optimum pH obtained through tests in acidification deemulsification is 2. The oil elimination-neutralization-precipitation integrated reactor, containing two-stage pH adjustment system, was adopted to remove complex pollutants and floating oil beads by the addition of flocculants. The pH value is adjusted from 4 to 5 by CaCO3 filter in the first stage pH adjustment system. F- and SO42- are removed by precipitation when reacted with Ca2+. The surface of CaCO3 filter won't covered by precipitation as the CaCO3 filter uses upflow filter. The pH value is adjusted to 7 to 9 by sodium hydroxide solution in the second stage pH adjustment system. And then the polymer flocculants are added to strengthen the sedimentation effect, accelerating the separation of mud and water and the removal of fine particles.
The detailed technical proposal, processing design, estimation of project investment and benefit analysis had been carried out, and the wastewater treatment was planted.
The experimental results of wastewater from two-piece-can production show that the removal rate of CODCr, F-, oil, SO42- and PO43- was over 50%,88%.91.5%,94% and 38%, respectively. The effluent quality can achieve the third class criteria specified in the demand of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996), and the cost of the pretreatment is 2.59 Yuan/m3. The treatment processing is reasonable and effective for the pretreatment of two-piece-can production wastewater, and can be applied as a model project.
引文
[1]Y.-H.Kim,E.-D.Hwang,W.S.Shin,et al.Treatments of stainless steel wastewater containing a high concentration of nitrate using reverse osmosis and nanomembranes [J]. Desalination,2007,202:287.
[2]http://wenku.baidu.com/view/704d353d5727a5e9856a6106.html.
[3]李志见.铝质易拉罐罐体轻量化技术的应用研究[D].镇江：江苏大学,2003：2.
[4]陈文,林林.论述易拉罐铝材生产的关键工艺技术[J].铝加工,2007,3：13
[5]Y.H. Kim, E.D Hwang, W.S Shin, et al. Treatments of stainless steel wastewater containing a high concentration of nitrate using reverse osmosis and nanomembranes [J]. Desalination,2007,202:287.
[6]徐传海.含氟废水处理技术研究进展[J].石化技术,2009,16(2)：57.
[7]T. Watanabe, H.W Jin, K.J Cho, et al. Application of a bio-electrochemical reactor process to direct treatment of metal pickling wastewater containing heavy metals and high strength nitrate[J]. Water Science and Technology,2004,50(8):111.
[8]S. Ibrahim, S.B. Wang, H.M. Ang. Removal of emulsified oil from oily wastewater using agricultural waste barley straw[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2010,49:78.
[9]刘宏,李菊萍.高浓度乳化废水的破乳-氧化-吸附深度处理研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(4)：1740.
[10]张贤明,潘诗浪,陈彬等.油水乳化液破乳动力学研究进展[J].流体机械,2010,38(6)：34-35.
[11]胡保华.有色金属加工企业乳化液废水处理应用实例[J].公用工程设,2011,7：106.
[12]赵霞,冯辉霞,赵阳丽等.腐殖酸钠处理乳化液废水的实验研究[J].环境科学与管理,2010,,35(5)：87-89.
[13]刘阁,陈彬,张贤明等.物理破乳技术在废油处理中的应用[J].应用化工,2011,40(2)：331.
[14]岳峻,万书超,万红友.含油废水处理技术进展[J].中污染防治技术,2009, 22(1)：53-54.
[15]刘文超,易绍金.油田乳状液的生物破乳研究进展[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2010,7(3)：546.
[16]肖红.三元复合驱采出液性质的研究及油水分离器的优化设计[D].天津：天津大学2007：14-15.
[17]吴高明,胡智泉,王剑等.人工湿地技术深度处理冷轧乳化液废水的可行性分析[J].工业水处理,2009.29(7)：13.
[18]徐传海.含氟废水治理技术研究进展[J].石化技术,2009, 16(2)：57.
[19]马明,胡文涛.含氟废水处理方法综述[J].江西化工,2011,1：34-5.
[20]陈后兴,罗仙平,刘立良.含氟废水处理研究进展[J].四川有色金属,2006,1：33.
[21]成国飞.含氟废水的处理研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2009,1：7.
[22]刘晓伟.粉煤灰吸附含氟废水试验研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2010,(4)：31.
[23]徐传海.含氟废水治理技术研究进展[J].石化技术,2009,16(2)：57.
[24]孙艳丽.超滤法处理邯钢冷轧乳化液废水[J].甘肃冶金,2011,33(1)：77.
[25]仇婷,刘志强,苗群等.臭氧氧化法进一步去除制罐废水中COD[J]西南给排水,2006,3(28)：24.
[26]胡俊生,任雪冬,马广韬等.臭氧高级氧化技术处理酸性红B染料废水[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2009,25(2)：320.
[27]赵伟荣,章金富,沈健.环氧酯废水回用处理方法：中国200710157008.9[P].2007-11-13.
[28]赵伟荣,吴忠标,李华靖.一种具有气体分离收集功能的固液反应罐及其应用：中国,200710070339.9[P].2007-07-25.
[29]赵伟荣,徐君妃,张俊华,等.一种金属加工综合废水的处理方法：中国,200910102374.3[P].2009-09-01.
[30]刘海燕.印染废水处理厂的设计[D].东营：中国石油大学2009：12
[31]http://baike.baidu.com/view/2273156.htm.
[32]周绍春等.湘乡皮革工业园废水处理厂的设计与实践[D].长沙：中南大学2008：22.
[33]唐受印,汪大翚等.废水处理工程[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1998.
[34]蒋文举,侯锋,宋宝增,城市污水处理厂实习培训教程[M].化学工业出版社,2007：59-62.
[35]章文华,翟健徐,晓建.城市污水处理厂自控系统设计分析[J].工程管理,2010：164.
[36]狄州,迟晓晖.LK大型PLC在污水处理厂中的应用[J].PLC.工控机与集散控制系统,2007：43-44.
[37]李滨,徐鸿德.上海市白龙港城市污水处理厂升级改造工程自控系统设计[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(6)：68.
[38]HJ/T278,环境保护铲平技术要求单极高速曝气离心鼓风机.建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[39]HJ/T279,环境保护产品技术要求推流式潜水搅拌机.建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[40]HJ/T283,环境保护产品技术要求厢式压滤机和板框压滤机.建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[41]HJ/T335,环境保护产品技术要求污泥浓缩带式脱水一体机.建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[42]HJ/T354,水污染源在线监测系统验收技术规范(试行).建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[43]http://wenku.baidu.com/view/65cf2148e45c3b3567ec8ba6.html
[2]http://wenku.baidu.com/view/704d353d5727a5e9856a6106.html.
[3]李志见.铝质易拉罐罐体轻量化技术的应用研究[D].镇江：江苏大学,2003：2.
[4]陈文,林林.论述易拉罐铝材生产的关键工艺技术[J].铝加工,2007,3：13
[5]Y.H. Kim, E.D Hwang, W.S Shin, et al. Treatments of stainless steel wastewater containing a high concentration of nitrate using reverse osmosis and nanomembranes [J]. Desalination,2007,202:287.
[6]徐传海.含氟废水处理技术研究进展[J].石化技术,2009,16(2)：57.
[7]T. Watanabe, H.W Jin, K.J Cho, et al. Application of a bio-electrochemical reactor process to direct treatment of metal pickling wastewater containing heavy metals and high strength nitrate[J]. Water Science and Technology,2004,50(8):111.
[8]S. Ibrahim, S.B. Wang, H.M. Ang. Removal of emulsified oil from oily wastewater using agricultural waste barley straw[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2010,49:78.
[9]刘宏,李菊萍.高浓度乳化废水的破乳-氧化-吸附深度处理研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(4)：1740.
[10]张贤明,潘诗浪,陈彬等.油水乳化液破乳动力学研究进展[J].流体机械,2010,38(6)：34-35.
[11]胡保华.有色金属加工企业乳化液废水处理应用实例[J].公用工程设,2011,7：106.
[12]赵霞,冯辉霞,赵阳丽等.腐殖酸钠处理乳化液废水的实验研究[J].环境科学与管理,2010,,35(5)：87-89.
[13]刘阁,陈彬,张贤明等.物理破乳技术在废油处理中的应用[J].应用化工,2011,40(2)：331.
[14]岳峻,万书超,万红友.含油废水处理技术进展[J].中污染防治技术,2009, 22(1)：53-54.
[15]刘文超,易绍金.油田乳状液的生物破乳研究进展[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2010,7(3)：546.
[16]肖红.三元复合驱采出液性质的研究及油水分离器的优化设计[D].天津：天津大学2007：14-15.
[17]吴高明,胡智泉,王剑等.人工湿地技术深度处理冷轧乳化液废水的可行性分析[J].工业水处理,2009.29(7)：13.
[18]徐传海.含氟废水治理技术研究进展[J].石化技术,2009, 16(2)：57.
[19]马明,胡文涛.含氟废水处理方法综述[J].江西化工,2011,1：34-5.
[20]陈后兴,罗仙平,刘立良.含氟废水处理研究进展[J].四川有色金属,2006,1：33.
[21]成国飞.含氟废水的处理研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2009,1：7.
[22]刘晓伟.粉煤灰吸附含氟废水试验研究[J].粉煤灰综合利用,2010,(4)：31.
[23]徐传海.含氟废水治理技术研究进展[J].石化技术,2009,16(2)：57.
[24]孙艳丽.超滤法处理邯钢冷轧乳化液废水[J].甘肃冶金,2011,33(1)：77.
[25]仇婷,刘志强,苗群等.臭氧氧化法进一步去除制罐废水中COD[J]西南给排水,2006,3(28)：24.
[26]胡俊生,任雪冬,马广韬等.臭氧高级氧化技术处理酸性红B染料废水[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2009,25(2)：320.
[27]赵伟荣,章金富,沈健.环氧酯废水回用处理方法：中国200710157008.9[P].2007-11-13.
[28]赵伟荣,吴忠标,李华靖.一种具有气体分离收集功能的固液反应罐及其应用：中国,200710070339.9[P].2007-07-25.
[29]赵伟荣,徐君妃,张俊华,等.一种金属加工综合废水的处理方法：中国,200910102374.3[P].2009-09-01.
[30]刘海燕.印染废水处理厂的设计[D].东营：中国石油大学2009：12
[31]http://baike.baidu.com/view/2273156.htm.
[32]周绍春等.湘乡皮革工业园废水处理厂的设计与实践[D].长沙：中南大学2008：22.
[33]唐受印,汪大翚等.废水处理工程[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1998.
[34]蒋文举,侯锋,宋宝增,城市污水处理厂实习培训教程[M].化学工业出版社,2007：59-62.
[35]章文华,翟健徐,晓建.城市污水处理厂自控系统设计分析[J].工程管理,2010：164.
[36]狄州,迟晓晖.LK大型PLC在污水处理厂中的应用[J].PLC.工控机与集散控制系统,2007：43-44.
[37]李滨,徐鸿德.上海市白龙港城市污水处理厂升级改造工程自控系统设计[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(6)：68.
[38]HJ/T278,环境保护铲平技术要求单极高速曝气离心鼓风机.建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[39]HJ/T279,环境保护产品技术要求推流式潜水搅拌机.建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[40]HJ/T283,环境保护产品技术要求厢式压滤机和板框压滤机.建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[41]HJ/T335,环境保护产品技术要求污泥浓缩带式脱水一体机.建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[42]HJ/T354,水污染源在线监测系统验收技术规范(试行).建设项目竣工环境保护验收管理办法,2001.
[43]http://wenku.baidu.com/view/65cf2148e45c3b3567ec8ba6.html