基于多用户协同能量检测算法的跳频认知无线电系统决策端实现
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摘要
无线通信使用有限的频谱资源进行通信,随着通信事业的发展,通信业务不断增加,被占用的频谱资源也不断增加,如何提高频谱利用率成为通信事业发展的一个重要课题。认知无线电可以有效的解决这个问题,认知无线电寻求认知无线电用户和授权用户的共存,在不干扰频谱上原有用户通信的情况下实现认知无线电用户的通信。
跳频通信广泛应用于军事通信领域,不使用固定的一个频段进行通信,而是使用多个频段进行通信。通信的双方按照跳频图案不断的改变通信频率进行通信。跳频通信具有抗干扰能力强,抗衰落,不易被跟踪的优点。但是在通信的对抗中,通过先进的跟踪技术,可以发现跳频通信的跳频图案,实时的对跳频图案中当前使用的频点实施干扰,这样可以很好的干扰跳频通信。
为了防止这种情况的出现,本文所讨论的跳频认知无线电系统,将跳频通信技术和认知无线电技术结合起来,不再使用固定的跳频图案,而让跳频图案可以自适应的变化。采用正在使用的频率集和备用频率集,实时的感知用户所处无线环境的干扰情况,并作出决策。当有频点受到干扰,但备用频率集中有足够的未受干扰的频点来替换时,替换频点后产生新的跳频图案；当有频点受到干扰,且备用频率集中没有足够的未受干扰的频点来替换时,从所有频点中选出受干扰情况好的前几个频点作为新的跳频图案。
本文主要讨论跳频认知无线电系统决策端软件模块的实现,创新点主要是：
(1)在决策端加入了多用户协同能量检测算法来进行决策,相比单用户检测算法,在对抗阴影和衰落上有较好的表现。(2)加入了极端情况下的处理算法,当有频点受到干扰,且备用频率集中没有足够的未受干扰的频点来替换时,评估频率集中所有频点的受干扰情况并排序,从所有频点中选出受干扰情况好的前几个频点作为新的跳频图案。(3)采用了更为合理的多线程机制,提高信息处理速度,保证各种消息和命令能够得到实时的处理。
Wireless communication is based on wireless frequency spectrum resource. With the development of wireless communication, free frequency spectrum resource becomes more and more limited. How to increase the frequency spectrum utilization is now a very important topic. Cognitive radio could solve this problem. Cognitive radio is a kind of coexist of cognitive radio user and authorized user, the communication between cognitive radio users is realized on the ground that the communication between authorized users is not disturbed.
Frequency hopping communication is widely used in military field. Frequency hopping communication uses several different frequency spectrums. The sender and receiver change their current frequency synchronously according to the frequency hopping pattern. Frequency hopping communication has advantages such as good anti-interference ability, good anti-fading ability and its signal is not easy to be traced. But in communication combat frequency hopping pattern could be detected by advanced tracing technology. By creating interference according to the frequency hopping pattern detected frequency hopping communication could be badly disturbed.
To avoid the problem mentioned above, frequency hopping cognitive radio communication system is put forward. This system is a combination of frequency hopping communication and cognitive radio. It doesn't use fixed frequency hopping pattern, it changes its frequency adaptively. This system uses current frequency set and backup frequency set. It senses the environment of its users and makes decisions in real time. When there are disturbed frequency points in current frequency set and there are enough undisturbed frequency points in backup frequency set to replace the disturbed frequency points, replace them; when there are disturbed frequency points in current frequency set but there are not enough undisturbed frequency points in backup frequency set to replace them, replace them with better frequency points selected from disturbed frequency points and backup frequency points.
The design and realization of software on decision end is mainly discussed in this paper. The innovative points are:(1) Multi user cooperative energy detection algorithm is adopted in the detection algorithm. Compared with energy detection algorithm, it has better shadow resistance and anti-fading ability.(2) The processing algorithm of extreme case is added. When there are disturbed frequency points in current frequency set and there are enough undisturbed frequency points in backup frequency set to replace the disturbed frequency points, replace them; when there are disturbed frequency points in current frequency set but there are not enough undisturbed frequency points in backup frequency set to replace them, replace them with better frequency points selected from disturbed frequency points and backup frequency points.(3) Reasonable multi thread mechanism is adopted to improve information processing speed. All kinds of messages and orders could be processed in real time.
跳频通信广泛应用于军事通信领域,不使用固定的一个频段进行通信,而是使用多个频段进行通信。通信的双方按照跳频图案不断的改变通信频率进行通信。跳频通信具有抗干扰能力强,抗衰落,不易被跟踪的优点。但是在通信的对抗中,通过先进的跟踪技术,可以发现跳频通信的跳频图案,实时的对跳频图案中当前使用的频点实施干扰,这样可以很好的干扰跳频通信。
为了防止这种情况的出现,本文所讨论的跳频认知无线电系统,将跳频通信技术和认知无线电技术结合起来,不再使用固定的跳频图案,而让跳频图案可以自适应的变化。采用正在使用的频率集和备用频率集,实时的感知用户所处无线环境的干扰情况,并作出决策。当有频点受到干扰,但备用频率集中有足够的未受干扰的频点来替换时,替换频点后产生新的跳频图案；当有频点受到干扰,且备用频率集中没有足够的未受干扰的频点来替换时,从所有频点中选出受干扰情况好的前几个频点作为新的跳频图案。
本文主要讨论跳频认知无线电系统决策端软件模块的实现,创新点主要是：
(1)在决策端加入了多用户协同能量检测算法来进行决策,相比单用户检测算法,在对抗阴影和衰落上有较好的表现。(2)加入了极端情况下的处理算法,当有频点受到干扰,且备用频率集中没有足够的未受干扰的频点来替换时,评估频率集中所有频点的受干扰情况并排序,从所有频点中选出受干扰情况好的前几个频点作为新的跳频图案。(3)采用了更为合理的多线程机制,提高信息处理速度,保证各种消息和命令能够得到实时的处理。
Wireless communication is based on wireless frequency spectrum resource. With the development of wireless communication, free frequency spectrum resource becomes more and more limited. How to increase the frequency spectrum utilization is now a very important topic. Cognitive radio could solve this problem. Cognitive radio is a kind of coexist of cognitive radio user and authorized user, the communication between cognitive radio users is realized on the ground that the communication between authorized users is not disturbed.
Frequency hopping communication is widely used in military field. Frequency hopping communication uses several different frequency spectrums. The sender and receiver change their current frequency synchronously according to the frequency hopping pattern. Frequency hopping communication has advantages such as good anti-interference ability, good anti-fading ability and its signal is not easy to be traced. But in communication combat frequency hopping pattern could be detected by advanced tracing technology. By creating interference according to the frequency hopping pattern detected frequency hopping communication could be badly disturbed.
To avoid the problem mentioned above, frequency hopping cognitive radio communication system is put forward. This system is a combination of frequency hopping communication and cognitive radio. It doesn't use fixed frequency hopping pattern, it changes its frequency adaptively. This system uses current frequency set and backup frequency set. It senses the environment of its users and makes decisions in real time. When there are disturbed frequency points in current frequency set and there are enough undisturbed frequency points in backup frequency set to replace the disturbed frequency points, replace them; when there are disturbed frequency points in current frequency set but there are not enough undisturbed frequency points in backup frequency set to replace them, replace them with better frequency points selected from disturbed frequency points and backup frequency points.
The design and realization of software on decision end is mainly discussed in this paper. The innovative points are:(1) Multi user cooperative energy detection algorithm is adopted in the detection algorithm. Compared with energy detection algorithm, it has better shadow resistance and anti-fading ability.(2) The processing algorithm of extreme case is added. When there are disturbed frequency points in current frequency set and there are enough undisturbed frequency points in backup frequency set to replace the disturbed frequency points, replace them; when there are disturbed frequency points in current frequency set but there are not enough undisturbed frequency points in backup frequency set to replace them, replace them with better frequency points selected from disturbed frequency points and backup frequency points.(3) Reasonable multi thread mechanism is adopted to improve information processing speed. All kinds of messages and orders could be processed in real time.
引文
[1]李征.软件无线电中跳频的研究与硬件实现[D].电子科技大学,2003.
[2]聂伟,郭梅花,张永杰等.跳频通信系统的研究与Matlab仿真[J].现代电子技术,2010,(13)：11-13.
[3]马玉松.差分跳频通信中跳频图案的研究[D].天津大学,2002.
[4]刘先锋.基于认知无线电的跳频系统研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2009.
[5]刘健涛.跳频信号参数盲估计算法研究及实现[D].电子科技大学,2007.
[6]马菊红.认知无线电系统中的频谱检测技术研究[D].苏州大学,2009.
[7]邓国,温崇雅.认知无线电技术在潜艇通信对抗中的应用[J].数字技术与应用,2010,(10)：22.
[8]韩小勇,肖凯宁,韩朝晖等.浅议认知无线电研究的切入点[J].中国无线电,2009,(7)：38-39,62.
[9]周贤伟,孟潭,王丽娜等.认知无线电研究综述[J].电讯技术,2006,46(6)：1-6.
[10]Mitola, J., Ⅲ; Maguire, G.Q., Jr.;, "Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal," Personal Communications, IEEE, vol.6, no.4, pp.13-18, Aug 1999
[11]庄彦.认知无线电中基于博弈论的功率控制算法研究[D].南京邮电大学,2011.
[12]孙强.认知无线电的频谱感知技术研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2011.
[13]李波,刘勤,李维英等.认知无线电技术[J].中兴通讯技术,2006,12(2)：10-13.
[14]Herath, S.P.; Rajatheva, N.; Tellambura, C.;, "Unified Approach for Energy Detection of Unknown Deterministic Signal in Cognitive Radio Over Fading Channels," Communications Workshops,2009. ICC Workshops 2009. IEEE International Conference on, vol., no., pp.1-5,14-18 June 2009
[15]邓韦.认知无线电系统中频谱感知算法的研究[D].南京邮电大学,2008.
[16]郭征.基于博奔论的认知无线电频谱共享算法研究[D].南京邮电大学,2012.
[17]刘子琦.认知无线电网络中频谱检测算法的研究[D].北京邮电大学,2009.
[18]高翠.认知无线电中基于谱估计的频谱感知技术研究[D].华北电力大学(保定),2011.
[19]卢斌.自适应跳频系统的关键技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2010.
[20]漆渊,彭涛,钱荣荣等.认知无线电中基于循环平稳特征的频谱感知方法[J].重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版),2009,21(3)：353-357.
[21]王小伟.认知无线电的频谱感知技术研究与分析[D].南京邮电大学,2011.
[22]陈辰.认知无线电中基于多节点的协作频谱检测[D].南京邮电大学,2011.
[23]李国建,张海勇.短波跳频电台通信对抗效能研究[J].舰船科学技 术,2005,27(6)：75-78.
[24]李俊飞.跳频通信技术及其应用[J].天津工程师范学院学报,2006,16(1)：42-44.
[25]林元模.无线认知网络中基于跳频技术的信道分配算法研究[D].汕头大学,2010.
[26]赵陆文,周志杰,缪志敏等.浅析认知无线电在军事通信中的应用[J].无线通信技术,2007,16(4)：31-35.
[27]任继平,王泗宏.应用SOCKET实现网络通信[J].电脑编程技巧与维护,2001,(4)：78-80.
[28]沈明,蒲保兴,唐彬等.基于Windows套接字编程的网络编码仿真实现[J].软件,2012,33(2)：11-14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2012.02.004.
[29]戴景峰,潘松峰,薛兵等.基于Linux的嵌入式数据采集装置的SOCKET通信[J].信息技术与信息化,2011,(2)：65-67.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9528.2011.02.14.
[30]郭英,陈立潮,叶树华等.基于MFC CSocket的网络应用程序的开发[J].福建电脑,2004,(5)：56-57.
[31]李晓光.浅谈基于无线通信的远程监控系统中TCP与UDP协议的选择[J].计算.机光盘软件与应用,2010,(11)：45-46.
[32]刘鹏,刘艳.UDP协议使用与分析研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2010,06(13)：3319-3320,3380.
[33]刘俞.Linux多线程的互斥与同步控制及实践[J].安徽冶金科技职业学院学报,2005,15(2)：53-57.
[34]白戈力,付学良.通过回退机制解决哲学家进餐问题[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版),2011,40(1)：95-98.
[35]虞贵财,罗涛,乐光新等.认知无线电系统中协同能量检测算法的性能研究[J].电子与信息学报,2009,31(11)：2682-2686.
[36]朱平.认知无线电关键技术研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2010.
[37]杨东.认知无线电合作频谱检测技术的研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2010.
[38]李润辉.基于面向对象的程序设计中的线程分析[J].沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(2)：196-198.
[39]温哲.浅议进程与线程[J].内蒙古电大学刊,2007,(10)：103,106.
[2]聂伟,郭梅花,张永杰等.跳频通信系统的研究与Matlab仿真[J].现代电子技术,2010,(13)：11-13.
[3]马玉松.差分跳频通信中跳频图案的研究[D].天津大学,2002.
[4]刘先锋.基于认知无线电的跳频系统研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2009.
[5]刘健涛.跳频信号参数盲估计算法研究及实现[D].电子科技大学,2007.
[6]马菊红.认知无线电系统中的频谱检测技术研究[D].苏州大学,2009.
[7]邓国,温崇雅.认知无线电技术在潜艇通信对抗中的应用[J].数字技术与应用,2010,(10)：22.
[8]韩小勇,肖凯宁,韩朝晖等.浅议认知无线电研究的切入点[J].中国无线电,2009,(7)：38-39,62.
[9]周贤伟,孟潭,王丽娜等.认知无线电研究综述[J].电讯技术,2006,46(6)：1-6.
[10]Mitola, J., Ⅲ; Maguire, G.Q., Jr.;, "Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal," Personal Communications, IEEE, vol.6, no.4, pp.13-18, Aug 1999
[11]庄彦.认知无线电中基于博弈论的功率控制算法研究[D].南京邮电大学,2011.
[12]孙强.认知无线电的频谱感知技术研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2011.
[13]李波,刘勤,李维英等.认知无线电技术[J].中兴通讯技术,2006,12(2)：10-13.
[14]Herath, S.P.; Rajatheva, N.; Tellambura, C.;, "Unified Approach for Energy Detection of Unknown Deterministic Signal in Cognitive Radio Over Fading Channels," Communications Workshops,2009. ICC Workshops 2009. IEEE International Conference on, vol., no., pp.1-5,14-18 June 2009
[15]邓韦.认知无线电系统中频谱感知算法的研究[D].南京邮电大学,2008.
[16]郭征.基于博奔论的认知无线电频谱共享算法研究[D].南京邮电大学,2012.
[17]刘子琦.认知无线电网络中频谱检测算法的研究[D].北京邮电大学,2009.
[18]高翠.认知无线电中基于谱估计的频谱感知技术研究[D].华北电力大学(保定),2011.
[19]卢斌.自适应跳频系统的关键技术研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2010.
[20]漆渊,彭涛,钱荣荣等.认知无线电中基于循环平稳特征的频谱感知方法[J].重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版),2009,21(3)：353-357.
[21]王小伟.认知无线电的频谱感知技术研究与分析[D].南京邮电大学,2011.
[22]陈辰.认知无线电中基于多节点的协作频谱检测[D].南京邮电大学,2011.
[23]李国建,张海勇.短波跳频电台通信对抗效能研究[J].舰船科学技 术,2005,27(6)：75-78.
[24]李俊飞.跳频通信技术及其应用[J].天津工程师范学院学报,2006,16(1)：42-44.
[25]林元模.无线认知网络中基于跳频技术的信道分配算法研究[D].汕头大学,2010.
[26]赵陆文,周志杰,缪志敏等.浅析认知无线电在军事通信中的应用[J].无线通信技术,2007,16(4)：31-35.
[27]任继平,王泗宏.应用SOCKET实现网络通信[J].电脑编程技巧与维护,2001,(4)：78-80.
[28]沈明,蒲保兴,唐彬等.基于Windows套接字编程的网络编码仿真实现[J].软件,2012,33(2)：11-14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2012.02.004.
[29]戴景峰,潘松峰,薛兵等.基于Linux的嵌入式数据采集装置的SOCKET通信[J].信息技术与信息化,2011,(2)：65-67.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9528.2011.02.14.
[30]郭英,陈立潮,叶树华等.基于MFC CSocket的网络应用程序的开发[J].福建电脑,2004,(5)：56-57.
[31]李晓光.浅谈基于无线通信的远程监控系统中TCP与UDP协议的选择[J].计算.机光盘软件与应用,2010,(11)：45-46.
[32]刘鹏,刘艳.UDP协议使用与分析研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2010,06(13)：3319-3320,3380.
[33]刘俞.Linux多线程的互斥与同步控制及实践[J].安徽冶金科技职业学院学报,2005,15(2)：53-57.
[34]白戈力,付学良.通过回退机制解决哲学家进餐问题[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版),2011,40(1)：95-98.
[35]虞贵财,罗涛,乐光新等.认知无线电系统中协同能量检测算法的性能研究[J].电子与信息学报,2009,31(11)：2682-2686.
[36]朱平.认知无线电关键技术研究[D].中国科学技术大学,2010.
[37]杨东.认知无线电合作频谱检测技术的研究[D].西安电子科技大学,2010.
[38]李润辉.基于面向对象的程序设计中的线程分析[J].沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(2)：196-198.
[39]温哲.浅议进程与线程[J].内蒙古电大学刊,2007,(10)：103,106.