常温低浓度进水条件下投加惰性颗粒物和絮凝剂对厌氧颗粒污泥形成的影响
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摘要
利用实验室规模的上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,研究了常温(25℃)低进水浓度条件下(COD350～500mg/L)投加絮凝剂和惰性颗粒物对厌氧颗粒污泥形成的作用。分别考察了只投加阳离子季胺盐、同时投加阳离子季胺盐和粉末活性炭(惰性颗粒物)以及同时投加聚合氯化铝和粉末活性炭对UASB反应器启动和颗粒污泥形成过程的影响,研究结果表明:
(1)投加惰性颗粒物和絮凝剂可以促进厌氧颗粒污泥的形成,缩短颗粒污泥形成的时间。同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的2个反应器形成颗粒污泥的速度相差不大,启动后60天,2个反应器内出现了大量细小的颗粒污泥,并且有少量粒径较大的颗粒出现;启动后120天,2个反应器均形成较成熟的颗粒污泥,粒径>0.5mm污泥颗粒占污泥的百分比达到60%;只投加阳离子聚季铵盐絮凝剂的反应器运行到第196天形成了较成熟的颗粒污泥,粒径>0.5mm颗粒污泥占污泥的百分比达到54.0～64.3%;而未投加添加物的反应器经过196天运行,粒径>0.5mm颗粒污泥占污泥的百分比才达到34.7～48.3%。同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的反应器形成成熟颗粒污泥的时间最短。
(2)在颗粒污泥的性质方面:同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂反应器内污泥的沉降性和产甲烷活性均优于未投加添加物反应器内的污泥。
①反应器运行结束时,同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂反应器内污泥的VSS/SS值在0.76～0.77,只投加絮凝剂的反应器污泥的VSS/SS值为0.76,未投加添加物反应器内污泥的VSS/SS值是0.74,几个反应器内污泥的VSS/SS值相差不大。说明投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂对厌氧微生物的生长影响不大,并没有对厌氧微生物产生毒性作用。
②同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂反应器内污泥的SVI值在29.0～30.5mL/gSS之间。相比只投加絮凝剂和未投加添加物的反应器,同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的反应器内颗粒污泥的沉降性能最好。
③同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的反应器各取样口中污泥的产甲烷活性分别是1.20～2.14gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d和1.09～2.25gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d,只投加絮凝剂的反应器为1.27～1.55gCH4-COD/gVSS·d。未投加添加物的反应器为1.06～1.30gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂反应器的相应取样口产甲烷活性更高,说明投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂有利于增加厌氧颗粒污泥的活性。
(3)投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂对UASB反应器的稳定运行和去除效果均有促进作用,投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的反应器出水VFA值在25mg/L左右波动,碱度分别为510mg/L和500mg/L,均优于未投加添加物的反应器。当反应器运行到后期,投加添加物的反应器和未投加添加物的反应器内都能够保持85%以上的COD去除效率,这说明UASB反应器在常温下处理低浓度废水也可以实现较高的COD去除率。
Effect of inert carrier and flocculants on granulation in lab-scale UASB reactors treating low-strength wastewater(COD350～500mg/L) at room temperature (25℃)was examined. A reactor was operated with adding cationic quaternary ammonium polymer. The other reactor was operated with adding powdered activated carbon and cationic quaternary ammonium polymer. The third reactor was operated with adding powdered activated carbon and polyaluminium chloride. This study assessed the influence of cationic polymer and inert carrier on granule formation and start-up in UASB.The major conclusions are as follows:
(1) Inert carrier and flocculants was more effective additive for enhancing sludge granulation. Forming speed of granular sludge was same in the two added inert carrier and flocculants reactors; After 60 days, the two reactors had a large number of small granular sludge, and also appeared a few larger size particles; After operating 120 days, they formed mature granular sludge, and the size of sludge particle > 0.5mm particles accounted for 60% of total sludge. The reactor which only added cationic quaternary ammonium polymer formed mature granular sludge with running after 196 days, and the size of sludge particle > 0.5mm particles accounted for 54.0~64.3% of total sludge; The size of sludge particle > 0.5mm particles only accounted for 34.7~48.3% of total sludge in the reactor which operated with no addition after 196 days. There was the shortest time formed mature granular sludge in reactors which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants.
(2) In terms of characteristics of granular sludge: the granular sludge which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants reactors has better settling performance and specific methanogenic activity (SMA) than the reactor which has no addition.
①While the end of reactor operation, the value of VSS/SS was 0.76~0.77 in reactors with adding powdered activated carbon and flocculants. The value of VSS/SS was 0.76 in adding flocculants reactor. In no additive reactor,the value of VSS/SS was 0.74, the value of VSS/SS in several reactors has little difference. This showed that it had little influence on the growth of anaerobic micro-organisms and had not toxic effect on anaerobic micro-organisms that added inert carrier and flocculants.
②Compared to other reactors, the granular sludge which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants reactors had better settling performance, and the value of SVI of the granular sludge was in 29.0 ~ 30.5mL/gSS.
③I n adding powdered activated carbon and flocculants reactors, the value of specific methanogenic activity (SMA) in each sampling place has between 1.20 ~ 2.14gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d and 1.09~2.25gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d. In only adding flocculants reactor, the value of SMA in each sampling place was in 1.27~1.55gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d. Compared to no additive reactor, the reactors which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants had higher SMA. This showed that it could improve specific methanogenic activity that added powdered activated carbon and flocculants.
(3) Reactors which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants round superior to the no additive reactor in the system stability and performance. In adding powdered activated carbon and flocculants reactors, the value of effluent‘s VFA were about 25mg/L, the value of alkalinity was 510mg/L and 500mg/L separately. COD removal efficiency was stable at 85% in each reactor at later stage. This showed that UASB reactor could achieve higher COD removal rate treating low-strength wastewater at room temperature.
(1)投加惰性颗粒物和絮凝剂可以促进厌氧颗粒污泥的形成,缩短颗粒污泥形成的时间。同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的2个反应器形成颗粒污泥的速度相差不大,启动后60天,2个反应器内出现了大量细小的颗粒污泥,并且有少量粒径较大的颗粒出现;启动后120天,2个反应器均形成较成熟的颗粒污泥,粒径>0.5mm污泥颗粒占污泥的百分比达到60%;只投加阳离子聚季铵盐絮凝剂的反应器运行到第196天形成了较成熟的颗粒污泥,粒径>0.5mm颗粒污泥占污泥的百分比达到54.0～64.3%;而未投加添加物的反应器经过196天运行,粒径>0.5mm颗粒污泥占污泥的百分比才达到34.7～48.3%。同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的反应器形成成熟颗粒污泥的时间最短。
(2)在颗粒污泥的性质方面:同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂反应器内污泥的沉降性和产甲烷活性均优于未投加添加物反应器内的污泥。
①反应器运行结束时,同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂反应器内污泥的VSS/SS值在0.76～0.77,只投加絮凝剂的反应器污泥的VSS/SS值为0.76,未投加添加物反应器内污泥的VSS/SS值是0.74,几个反应器内污泥的VSS/SS值相差不大。说明投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂对厌氧微生物的生长影响不大,并没有对厌氧微生物产生毒性作用。
②同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂反应器内污泥的SVI值在29.0～30.5mL/gSS之间。相比只投加絮凝剂和未投加添加物的反应器,同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的反应器内颗粒污泥的沉降性能最好。
③同时投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的反应器各取样口中污泥的产甲烷活性分别是1.20～2.14gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d和1.09～2.25gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d,只投加絮凝剂的反应器为1.27～1.55gCH4-COD/gVSS·d。未投加添加物的反应器为1.06～1.30gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂反应器的相应取样口产甲烷活性更高,说明投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂有利于增加厌氧颗粒污泥的活性。
(3)投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂对UASB反应器的稳定运行和去除效果均有促进作用,投加粉末活性炭和絮凝剂的反应器出水VFA值在25mg/L左右波动,碱度分别为510mg/L和500mg/L,均优于未投加添加物的反应器。当反应器运行到后期,投加添加物的反应器和未投加添加物的反应器内都能够保持85%以上的COD去除效率,这说明UASB反应器在常温下处理低浓度废水也可以实现较高的COD去除率。
Effect of inert carrier and flocculants on granulation in lab-scale UASB reactors treating low-strength wastewater(COD350～500mg/L) at room temperature (25℃)was examined. A reactor was operated with adding cationic quaternary ammonium polymer. The other reactor was operated with adding powdered activated carbon and cationic quaternary ammonium polymer. The third reactor was operated with adding powdered activated carbon and polyaluminium chloride. This study assessed the influence of cationic polymer and inert carrier on granule formation and start-up in UASB.The major conclusions are as follows:
(1) Inert carrier and flocculants was more effective additive for enhancing sludge granulation. Forming speed of granular sludge was same in the two added inert carrier and flocculants reactors; After 60 days, the two reactors had a large number of small granular sludge, and also appeared a few larger size particles; After operating 120 days, they formed mature granular sludge, and the size of sludge particle > 0.5mm particles accounted for 60% of total sludge. The reactor which only added cationic quaternary ammonium polymer formed mature granular sludge with running after 196 days, and the size of sludge particle > 0.5mm particles accounted for 54.0~64.3% of total sludge; The size of sludge particle > 0.5mm particles only accounted for 34.7~48.3% of total sludge in the reactor which operated with no addition after 196 days. There was the shortest time formed mature granular sludge in reactors which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants.
(2) In terms of characteristics of granular sludge: the granular sludge which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants reactors has better settling performance and specific methanogenic activity (SMA) than the reactor which has no addition.
①While the end of reactor operation, the value of VSS/SS was 0.76~0.77 in reactors with adding powdered activated carbon and flocculants. The value of VSS/SS was 0.76 in adding flocculants reactor. In no additive reactor,the value of VSS/SS was 0.74, the value of VSS/SS in several reactors has little difference. This showed that it had little influence on the growth of anaerobic micro-organisms and had not toxic effect on anaerobic micro-organisms that added inert carrier and flocculants.
②Compared to other reactors, the granular sludge which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants reactors had better settling performance, and the value of SVI of the granular sludge was in 29.0 ~ 30.5mL/gSS.
③I n adding powdered activated carbon and flocculants reactors, the value of specific methanogenic activity (SMA) in each sampling place has between 1.20 ~ 2.14gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d and 1.09~2.25gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d. In only adding flocculants reactor, the value of SMA in each sampling place was in 1.27~1.55gCH_4-COD/gVSS·d. Compared to no additive reactor, the reactors which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants had higher SMA. This showed that it could improve specific methanogenic activity that added powdered activated carbon and flocculants.
(3) Reactors which added powdered activated carbon and flocculants round superior to the no additive reactor in the system stability and performance. In adding powdered activated carbon and flocculants reactors, the value of effluent‘s VFA were about 25mg/L, the value of alkalinity was 510mg/L and 500mg/L separately. COD removal efficiency was stable at 85% in each reactor at later stage. This showed that UASB reactor could achieve higher COD removal rate treating low-strength wastewater at room temperature.
引文
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[2] Bryant,MPetal. Rach[J]. Microbiol, 1987, 59: 20～31.
[3]胡纪萃,顾夏声,周梦津等.废水厌氧生物处理理论与技术[M].中国建筑工艺出版社, 2003.
[4] G L. Advanced anaerobic wastewater treatment in the near future[J]. Wat.Sci.Tech, 1997, 35(10): 5～12.
[5] Kosaric,Ketal. The characteristics of graules from upflow aaerobic sludge blaket reactor[J]. Wat.Res, 1990, (24): 1473～1477.
[6] Alphenaar. Anaerobic granular sludge : characterization, and factors affecting its functioning[PhD thesis]. The Netherlands: WAU, 1994.
[7] R R W. Phenmenon of sludge pelletisation in the anaerobic treatment of a maite processing waste[J]. Water SA, 1984, 10(4): 197.
[8]申立贤.高浓度有机废水厌氧处理技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1991.
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