颗粒物质中局域干扰对结构的影响研究
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摘要
针对颗粒物质的结构特点，在满足可重复性的前提下，提出了一种新的填充方案——定点源法；利用该方法将颗粒填充到一定直径的圆桶中，然后将探测杆或探测端头匀速插入颗粒物质，沿竖直方向往返穿行，对颗粒物质施加局域扰动，通过传感器得到探测杆或探测端头在颗粒物质中穿行时的系列阻力曲线．主要结果如下：
1．颗粒物质在强扰动下的结构改变符合Reynolds剪切膨胀的定性判断；
2．对于探测杆，存在横截面尺寸和穿行速率的临界值v_c，在该临界值以下，穿行阻力F与速率v无关；临界速率v_c与横截面形状有关；
3．在其它条件相同的情况下，对于不同横截面形状的探测杆，穿行阻力的变化规律是类似的，特别地，在初始都有一线性段，但是横截面形状不同，其线性段的长度也不一样(在周长相等条件下，圆杆的最短，方杆甚之，正三棱杆的最长)；另外对于圆杆，其下行阻力可分为三个阶段：线性段、非线性段和崩塌段，而方杆和正三棱杆仅有线性段和非线性段；
4．探测杆的穿行阻力与其粗细程度和横截面的具体形状有关，对于圆杆、方杆、正三棱杆，三种杆的约化阻力拟合公式的形式是相同的；探测杆的具体横截面形状对穿行阻力规律没有太大的影响，但对阻力的大小有影响，存在形状因子；在横截面周长相等的条件下，如果将圆形的因子定为1，则其它形状的因子小于1，且正三角形的因子最小；
5．在其它条件相同的情况下，探测杆的穿行阻力与颗粒直径的平方成反比：F∝1/d~2，式中的d为颗粒的直径；
6．正n棱探测杆的穿行阻力为和
According to the characters of granular media, a new filling procedure for granular media (stationary localized-source procedure) is put forward on the condition that the reproducibility can be realized. Using this procedure, the granular media is filled into cylinder. Then the detecting rod or tip are penetrated into granular media at the same speed along the direction parallel to axis of cylinder, after which the detecting rod or tip will move up and down in the granular media. By which perturbation is applied to the local area of granular media. The sensor detects the resistance force which the granular media applies on the detecting rod or tip. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. The structure deformation while strong perturbation is applied matches the qualitative predictions of Reynolds' dilation theory.
2. The force detected by the detecting rod is independent of the velocity of penetration.
3. While other conditions are all fixed, the rules that the penetration resistance obeys are similar for the detecting rod with different cross section, especially for the initiation stage, the friction takes on qusi-linearity.
4. The force that the detecting rod experienced is dependent of the diameter and cross section shape of the detecting rod, such as the cylinder rod、the quadrangular rod and the triangular rod. The general resistance equation for the rods with different cross section is similar; The cross section shape of detecting rod has no obvious effect on the rules that the resistance force obeys, but has obvious effects on value of the friction. Here we introduce a parameter: shape factor of the cross section. If the shape factor of cross section for cylinder rod is set as 1, which for other cross section is less than 1, at the same time, that for triangular rod is the smallest, while the cross section has the same perimeter.
5. While other conditions are all fixed, the force that the detecting rodexperienced is inverse proportion to quadratic order of the granular diameter: F∝1/d~2,wherein d is diameter of granula.
6. The penetration resistance equation for the rods areand
1．颗粒物质在强扰动下的结构改变符合Reynolds剪切膨胀的定性判断；
2．对于探测杆，存在横截面尺寸和穿行速率的临界值v_c，在该临界值以下，穿行阻力F与速率v无关；临界速率v_c与横截面形状有关；
3．在其它条件相同的情况下，对于不同横截面形状的探测杆，穿行阻力的变化规律是类似的，特别地，在初始都有一线性段，但是横截面形状不同，其线性段的长度也不一样(在周长相等条件下，圆杆的最短，方杆甚之，正三棱杆的最长)；另外对于圆杆，其下行阻力可分为三个阶段：线性段、非线性段和崩塌段，而方杆和正三棱杆仅有线性段和非线性段；
4．探测杆的穿行阻力与其粗细程度和横截面的具体形状有关，对于圆杆、方杆、正三棱杆，三种杆的约化阻力拟合公式的形式是相同的；探测杆的具体横截面形状对穿行阻力规律没有太大的影响，但对阻力的大小有影响，存在形状因子；在横截面周长相等的条件下，如果将圆形的因子定为1，则其它形状的因子小于1，且正三角形的因子最小；
5．在其它条件相同的情况下，探测杆的穿行阻力与颗粒直径的平方成反比：F∝1/d~2，式中的d为颗粒的直径；
6．正n棱探测杆的穿行阻力为和
According to the characters of granular media, a new filling procedure for granular media (stationary localized-source procedure) is put forward on the condition that the reproducibility can be realized. Using this procedure, the granular media is filled into cylinder. Then the detecting rod or tip are penetrated into granular media at the same speed along the direction parallel to axis of cylinder, after which the detecting rod or tip will move up and down in the granular media. By which perturbation is applied to the local area of granular media. The sensor detects the resistance force which the granular media applies on the detecting rod or tip. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. The structure deformation while strong perturbation is applied matches the qualitative predictions of Reynolds' dilation theory.
2. The force detected by the detecting rod is independent of the velocity of penetration.
3. While other conditions are all fixed, the rules that the penetration resistance obeys are similar for the detecting rod with different cross section, especially for the initiation stage, the friction takes on qusi-linearity.
4. The force that the detecting rod experienced is dependent of the diameter and cross section shape of the detecting rod, such as the cylinder rod、the quadrangular rod and the triangular rod. The general resistance equation for the rods with different cross section is similar; The cross section shape of detecting rod has no obvious effect on the rules that the resistance force obeys, but has obvious effects on value of the friction. Here we introduce a parameter: shape factor of the cross section. If the shape factor of cross section for cylinder rod is set as 1, which for other cross section is less than 1, at the same time, that for triangular rod is the smallest, while the cross section has the same perimeter.
5. While other conditions are all fixed, the force that the detecting rodexperienced is inverse proportion to quadratic order of the granular diameter: F∝1/d~2,wherein d is diameter of granula.
6. The penetration resistance equation for the rods areand
引文
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