阻尼颗粒分布形式对阻尼特性的影响
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摘要
颗粒阻尼技术主要通过填充在结构空腔中的颗粒物质产生碰撞和摩擦来提供阻尼效应,作为一种振动被动控制新技术,正引起人们越来越多的关注。该技术具有结构简单、成本低廉、效果显著、适用于极端恶劣环境等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。
目前,对颗粒阻尼器设计参数优化的研究尚不完善,根据文献检索,阻尼颗粒分布形式对阻尼特性影响的研究尚无人涉及。为提高颗粒阻尼特性,本文采用薄钢板对圆柱型阻尼器内部空间进行周向和纵向(沿阻尼器高度方向)均匀分隔,全面细致地研究了单体颗粒阻尼器做简谐运动时阻尼颗粒分布形式对阻尼特性的影响,并结合随机振动环境对悬臂梁进行试验研究。
本文主要工作包括:
1、利用稳态能量流法推导了垂直简谐激励下颗粒阻尼器损耗功率和损耗因子的计算公式,并利用LabVIEW编写数据采集程序,研究了不同分隔方式对颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的影响。对于周向分隔,在所研究的大部分振动区域,分隔数量的增加会使损耗功率有所下降;对于纵向分隔,阻尼效果和颗粒层高度(相对于分隔所得的子区域而言)有关。
2、研究了颗粒层高度对颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的影响,结果表明,在一定的振动环境下,存在一个合适的颗粒层高度使耗能达到最大。
3、将颗粒阻尼器应用于悬臂梁上,在随机激励下研究阻尼器在不同分隔情况下对悬臂梁阻尼比的影响,试验结果表明,在所研究激励范围内,对于周向分隔,悬臂梁的阻尼比随分隔数增多而减小,最大降幅可达37%;对于纵向分隔,悬臂梁的阻尼比随分隔数的增多而增大,最大增幅可达52%。
Paticle damping technology is a new vibration passive control approach, and causes wide concerns.Damping effect can be provided by collisions and frictions of the particles filled in the structural voids. This technology has several advantages such as: the structure is simple, the cost is low, the effect of vibration absorption is notable, and it is applicable to extreme environment etc.All of them make it to be used widely in the future.
At present, a number of researches on the design parameters optimal are not satisfactory, and the particle distributions are not concerned yet. In this paper, by using the planes which are through the axis of the cylinder, the inner space of the cylindrical container can be divided into two, four, eight and twelve cells. Different particle distributions can be conducted both along the peripheral derection and the vertical derection. Experimental investigation of particle distributions’effect on performance of the particle dampers is carried on. The steady state energy method is used for experiment with loss power and loss factor as the performance index, and the damper is vertically excited.The cantilevel test is used to verify the conclusions when the damper is under the harmonic excitation.
The thesis includes:
1. Under harmonic excitation steady-state energy flow method for single particle damper is deduced from multiple degree of freedom system.A LabVIEW programme is developed for data acquisition.Through the steady-state energy flow method for the experiment, the different particle distributions’effect on the performance of particle damper is obtained under harmonic excitation. For peripheral separation, the index decrease in most of the area on acceleration and frequency with increasing cells. For vertical separation, the damping effect is related with the height of particle bed.
2. For the height of particle bed, the study is carried on and the most effective particle height depends on the vibration environment.
3. With particles damper applied to cantilever, investigate different particle distributions’effect on damping ratio of cantilever, the experimental results show that, for peripheral separation, the damping ratio of the cantilever beam decreases with the increasing number of seperation, the biggest drop can be 37%; For vertical separation, the damping ratio of the cantilever beam increases with the increasing number of seperation, and the biggest amplitude can amount to 52%.
目前,对颗粒阻尼器设计参数优化的研究尚不完善,根据文献检索,阻尼颗粒分布形式对阻尼特性影响的研究尚无人涉及。为提高颗粒阻尼特性,本文采用薄钢板对圆柱型阻尼器内部空间进行周向和纵向(沿阻尼器高度方向)均匀分隔,全面细致地研究了单体颗粒阻尼器做简谐运动时阻尼颗粒分布形式对阻尼特性的影响,并结合随机振动环境对悬臂梁进行试验研究。
本文主要工作包括:
1、利用稳态能量流法推导了垂直简谐激励下颗粒阻尼器损耗功率和损耗因子的计算公式,并利用LabVIEW编写数据采集程序,研究了不同分隔方式对颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的影响。对于周向分隔,在所研究的大部分振动区域,分隔数量的增加会使损耗功率有所下降;对于纵向分隔,阻尼效果和颗粒层高度(相对于分隔所得的子区域而言)有关。
2、研究了颗粒层高度对颗粒阻尼器耗能特性的影响,结果表明,在一定的振动环境下,存在一个合适的颗粒层高度使耗能达到最大。
3、将颗粒阻尼器应用于悬臂梁上,在随机激励下研究阻尼器在不同分隔情况下对悬臂梁阻尼比的影响,试验结果表明,在所研究激励范围内,对于周向分隔,悬臂梁的阻尼比随分隔数增多而减小,最大降幅可达37%;对于纵向分隔,悬臂梁的阻尼比随分隔数的增多而增大,最大增幅可达52%。
Paticle damping technology is a new vibration passive control approach, and causes wide concerns.Damping effect can be provided by collisions and frictions of the particles filled in the structural voids. This technology has several advantages such as: the structure is simple, the cost is low, the effect of vibration absorption is notable, and it is applicable to extreme environment etc.All of them make it to be used widely in the future.
At present, a number of researches on the design parameters optimal are not satisfactory, and the particle distributions are not concerned yet. In this paper, by using the planes which are through the axis of the cylinder, the inner space of the cylindrical container can be divided into two, four, eight and twelve cells. Different particle distributions can be conducted both along the peripheral derection and the vertical derection. Experimental investigation of particle distributions’effect on performance of the particle dampers is carried on. The steady state energy method is used for experiment with loss power and loss factor as the performance index, and the damper is vertically excited.The cantilevel test is used to verify the conclusions when the damper is under the harmonic excitation.
The thesis includes:
1. Under harmonic excitation steady-state energy flow method for single particle damper is deduced from multiple degree of freedom system.A LabVIEW programme is developed for data acquisition.Through the steady-state energy flow method for the experiment, the different particle distributions’effect on the performance of particle damper is obtained under harmonic excitation. For peripheral separation, the index decrease in most of the area on acceleration and frequency with increasing cells. For vertical separation, the damping effect is related with the height of particle bed.
2. For the height of particle bed, the study is carried on and the most effective particle height depends on the vibration environment.
3. With particles damper applied to cantilever, investigate different particle distributions’effect on damping ratio of cantilever, the experimental results show that, for peripheral separation, the damping ratio of the cantilever beam decreases with the increasing number of seperation, the biggest drop can be 37%; For vertical separation, the damping ratio of the cantilever beam increases with the increasing number of seperation, and the biggest amplitude can amount to 52%.
引文
[1]倪振华.振动力学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990.
[2]胡海岩.振动与冲击.北京:航空工业出版社,1998.
[3]胡海昌.对振动工程的看法,噪声与振动控制,1996,1:2-3.
[4]吴成军.工程振动与控制.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2008.
[5]顾仲权.振动主动控制.北京:国防工业出版社,1997.
[6]吕鑫.振动主动控制技术的研究及发展.振动、测试与诊断,1996,16(3):1-7.
[7] PAGET A L.Vibration in Steam Turbine Buckets and Damping by Impact.Engineering,1937, 143:305-307.
[8]邓危梧.冲击减振器的效应及其基本参数的确定,机械工程学报,1964, 12 (4):83-94.
[9]杨棣,唐恒龄,廖伯瑜.机床动力学.北京:机械工业出版社,1983.
[10] Grubin C.On the theory of acceleration damper. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1956, 23(3):373-378.
[11] Arnold R.N. Response of an Impact vibration absorber to force vibration. Proceedings of the ninth international congress of applied mechanics, 1957.
[12] Masri S F. General motion of impact dampers. Journal of the Acoustical society of America, 1996, 12(7):229-237.
[13] Masri S F. Steady-State response of a multi-degree system with an impact damper. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1973, 3:127-131.
[14] Popplowell N, Liao M. A simple design procedure for optimum impact damper. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1991, 146:519-526.
[15] Bapat C N, Sanker S, Popplowell N. Respected impact on a sinusoidal vibration table reappeared. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1986, 108 (1): 99-115.
[16] Semercigil S.E., Popplowell N. The bean bag impact damping. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Structural Dynamics. London, 1988, 459-468.
[17]陈天宁.柔性约束下颗粒结构的冲击减振机理及其工程应用,[博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学机械工程学院,1996.
[18]李伟.冲击减振理论的离散单元法研究及应用,[博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学机械工程学院,1997.
[19]李伟,朱德懋.豆包阻尼器的减振特性研究.航空学报,1999,20(2):168-170.
[20]胡溧.颗粒阻尼机理与特性研究,[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学.
[21] Marhadi K S, Kinra V K. Particle impact damping: effect of mass ratio, material, and shape. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2005: 433-448.
[22] Friend R D, Kinra V K. Particle Impact Damping. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2000: 93-118.
[23] Jem A. Rongong, Geoffrey R. Tomlinson.Amplitude Dependent Behaviour in the Application of Particle Dampers to Vibrating Structures.46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Confer 18-21 April 2005, Austin, Texas
[24] Yang M Y. Development of master design curves for particle impact dampers.USA Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania state University, 2003.
[25]徐志伟.NOPD减振技术的理论研究及工程应用,[博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学机械工程学院,1999.
[26]徐志伟,陈天宁等.非阻塞性颗粒阻尼中颗粒摩擦耗能的仿真计算.机械科学与技术,1999,18(6):890-892.
[27]毛宽民,陈天宁等.非阻塞性微颗粒阻尼的散体元模型.西安交通大学学报,1999,33(5):79 -83.
[28]周宏伟,陈前,林莎.垂直简谐激励下阻尼颗粒动态特性研究.振动与冲击,2007,26(9):124-127.
[29]段勇,陈前,周宏伟.垂直简谐激励下颗粒阻尼耗能特性的仿真研究.振动与冲击.2009,28(2):28-31.
[30]孙其诚,王光谦著.颗粒物质力学导论.北京:科学出版社,2009.
[31]周宏伟.颗粒阻尼及其控制的研究与应用,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[32]姜泽辉,王运鹰,吴晶.窄振动颗粒床中的运动模式.物理学报.2006,55(9):4748-4753.
[33]姜泽辉,李斌,赵海发等.垂直振动颗粒物厚层中的冲击力分岔现象.物理学报,2005,54(3):1273-1278.
[34] [澳]M.P.诺顿,盛元生等译.工程噪声和振动分析基础.北京:航空工业出版社,1993.
[35]傅志方.振动模态分析与参数识别.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[36]李德葆,陆秋海.工程振动试验分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[37]王青梅.颗粒阻尼减振的试验研究与理论计算,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[38]张令弥.振动测试与动态分析.北京:航空工业出版社,1992.
[39]王济,胡晓,MATLAB在振动信号处理中的应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社&知识产权出版社,2006.
[40]林莎.颗粒阻尼的仿真与试验研究,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[2]胡海岩.振动与冲击.北京:航空工业出版社,1998.
[3]胡海昌.对振动工程的看法,噪声与振动控制,1996,1:2-3.
[4]吴成军.工程振动与控制.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2008.
[5]顾仲权.振动主动控制.北京:国防工业出版社,1997.
[6]吕鑫.振动主动控制技术的研究及发展.振动、测试与诊断,1996,16(3):1-7.
[7] PAGET A L.Vibration in Steam Turbine Buckets and Damping by Impact.Engineering,1937, 143:305-307.
[8]邓危梧.冲击减振器的效应及其基本参数的确定,机械工程学报,1964, 12 (4):83-94.
[9]杨棣,唐恒龄,廖伯瑜.机床动力学.北京:机械工业出版社,1983.
[10] Grubin C.On the theory of acceleration damper. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1956, 23(3):373-378.
[11] Arnold R.N. Response of an Impact vibration absorber to force vibration. Proceedings of the ninth international congress of applied mechanics, 1957.
[12] Masri S F. General motion of impact dampers. Journal of the Acoustical society of America, 1996, 12(7):229-237.
[13] Masri S F. Steady-State response of a multi-degree system with an impact damper. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1973, 3:127-131.
[14] Popplowell N, Liao M. A simple design procedure for optimum impact damper. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1991, 146:519-526.
[15] Bapat C N, Sanker S, Popplowell N. Respected impact on a sinusoidal vibration table reappeared. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1986, 108 (1): 99-115.
[16] Semercigil S.E., Popplowell N. The bean bag impact damping. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Structural Dynamics. London, 1988, 459-468.
[17]陈天宁.柔性约束下颗粒结构的冲击减振机理及其工程应用,[博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学机械工程学院,1996.
[18]李伟.冲击减振理论的离散单元法研究及应用,[博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学机械工程学院,1997.
[19]李伟,朱德懋.豆包阻尼器的减振特性研究.航空学报,1999,20(2):168-170.
[20]胡溧.颗粒阻尼机理与特性研究,[博士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学.
[21] Marhadi K S, Kinra V K. Particle impact damping: effect of mass ratio, material, and shape. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2005: 433-448.
[22] Friend R D, Kinra V K. Particle Impact Damping. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2000: 93-118.
[23] Jem A. Rongong, Geoffrey R. Tomlinson.Amplitude Dependent Behaviour in the Application of Particle Dampers to Vibrating Structures.46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Confer 18-21 April 2005, Austin, Texas
[24] Yang M Y. Development of master design curves for particle impact dampers.USA Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania state University, 2003.
[25]徐志伟.NOPD减振技术的理论研究及工程应用,[博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学机械工程学院,1999.
[26]徐志伟,陈天宁等.非阻塞性颗粒阻尼中颗粒摩擦耗能的仿真计算.机械科学与技术,1999,18(6):890-892.
[27]毛宽民,陈天宁等.非阻塞性微颗粒阻尼的散体元模型.西安交通大学学报,1999,33(5):79 -83.
[28]周宏伟,陈前,林莎.垂直简谐激励下阻尼颗粒动态特性研究.振动与冲击,2007,26(9):124-127.
[29]段勇,陈前,周宏伟.垂直简谐激励下颗粒阻尼耗能特性的仿真研究.振动与冲击.2009,28(2):28-31.
[30]孙其诚,王光谦著.颗粒物质力学导论.北京:科学出版社,2009.
[31]周宏伟.颗粒阻尼及其控制的研究与应用,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.
[32]姜泽辉,王运鹰,吴晶.窄振动颗粒床中的运动模式.物理学报.2006,55(9):4748-4753.
[33]姜泽辉,李斌,赵海发等.垂直振动颗粒物厚层中的冲击力分岔现象.物理学报,2005,54(3):1273-1278.
[34] [澳]M.P.诺顿,盛元生等译.工程噪声和振动分析基础.北京:航空工业出版社,1993.
[35]傅志方.振动模态分析与参数识别.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[36]李德葆,陆秋海.工程振动试验分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[37]王青梅.颗粒阻尼减振的试验研究与理论计算,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[38]张令弥.振动测试与动态分析.北京:航空工业出版社,1992.
[39]王济,胡晓,MATLAB在振动信号处理中的应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社&知识产权出版社,2006.
[40]林莎.颗粒阻尼的仿真与试验研究,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008.