大港油田千米桥高温低渗储层深度酸压理论与工艺研究
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摘要
本文的研究从储层特性分析入手，围绕千米桥高温低渗碳酸盐岩储层实现深度酸压存在的问题，展开理论研究、实验研究和现场实践。
主要包括如下内容：
1、理论模型研究。本部分研究运用了流体力学、岩石力学、断裂力学和分形几何学等领域的基本原理和研究方法，推导出了人工裂缝拟三维延伸数值模型、直井井筒和裂缝温度场数值计算模型，建立了蚓孔影响下的酸液滤失模型，分析了酸液粘性指进的渗流机理和分形特征。
2、酸液体系研究。从提高酸液有效作用距离的角度出发，进行酸液配方的试验与遴选，研制了固体酸和延迟酸两套全新的酸液体系，增加了酸岩反应的人为可控性。
3、工艺技术研究。提出了固体酸酸压施工程序，阐述了液体返排的技术要领，推荐了施工参数。
4、场应用效果评价。推导了有效作用距离、导流能力和增产倍比的计算模型，提出了计算方法。现场应用表明：酸压后效果明显，增产倍比在6倍以上。
本文主要的创新之处在于：
(1) 导出了酸蚀蚓孔影响下的酸液滤失模型，解决了目前普遍存在的以压裂液滤失模型代替酸液滤失模型所存在的问题。
(2) 理论和实验结合，进行了酸液的粘性指进的分形特征研究，得出了酸液指进的分形维数；
(3) 研究提出了固体酸和延迟酸两套全新的酸液体系，解决了高温高压条件下酸液的缓速、降阻、配伍等问题。
In this paper, theoretical researches, experimental researches as well as practical ones have been carried out focusing on the problems of the deep acid fracturing of the Qianmiqiao carbonate reservoir bed. which is of low permeability and high temperature, starting from the reservoir properties.The main points of this paper are following.1.Researches on Theoretical ModelsIn this part, some research works have been completed, using the basic principles and research approaches of hydrodynamics, rock mechanics, and fracture mechanics and fractal geometry. These researches are (l)deriving the PSD model for artificial fractures prolongation, the numerical calculation model for temperature field of vertical well bore and artificial fractures, (2)establishing the model for acid leaking affected by the wormholes, and(3) analyzing the seepage mechanism and fractal characteristics about the fingering of the acid.2. Researches on Acid Fluid SystemAiming at lengthening the effected distance, the experiments and selection about the acid ingredients have been made, which resulted in two new type acid systems (solid acid and retardant acid) due to which controlling over the process of acid /rock reaction became much easier.3.Researches on Practical TechniquesThe treatments process of acid fracturing using solid acid has been developed. The main points about flowback and the value of treatment parameters have been given out, too.4.Appraise of the Practical ApplicationThe calculation models for effected distance, conductivity and production- increasing ratio were educed. And it is showed that after the acid fracturing treatment, the production-increasing ratio increased at 6 times.There are some innovations of this paper.(1 )The model for acid leaking affected by the wormholes has been developed, which could solve the ubiquitous problem -taking leaking models of fracturing fluid for acid leaking.(2) The researches on fractal characteristics of acid fingering have been made, and also the fractal dimension of the fingering has been educed, through combination of the theory and experiments.(3) The two new type acid systems (solid acid and retardant acid) have been developed, which solved the problem of flow speed retardance, drag reduction, compatibleness about the acid systems in the HTHP condition.
主要包括如下内容：
1、理论模型研究。本部分研究运用了流体力学、岩石力学、断裂力学和分形几何学等领域的基本原理和研究方法，推导出了人工裂缝拟三维延伸数值模型、直井井筒和裂缝温度场数值计算模型，建立了蚓孔影响下的酸液滤失模型，分析了酸液粘性指进的渗流机理和分形特征。
2、酸液体系研究。从提高酸液有效作用距离的角度出发，进行酸液配方的试验与遴选，研制了固体酸和延迟酸两套全新的酸液体系，增加了酸岩反应的人为可控性。
3、工艺技术研究。提出了固体酸酸压施工程序，阐述了液体返排的技术要领，推荐了施工参数。
4、场应用效果评价。推导了有效作用距离、导流能力和增产倍比的计算模型，提出了计算方法。现场应用表明：酸压后效果明显，增产倍比在6倍以上。
本文主要的创新之处在于：
(1) 导出了酸蚀蚓孔影响下的酸液滤失模型，解决了目前普遍存在的以压裂液滤失模型代替酸液滤失模型所存在的问题。
(2) 理论和实验结合，进行了酸液的粘性指进的分形特征研究，得出了酸液指进的分形维数；
(3) 研究提出了固体酸和延迟酸两套全新的酸液体系，解决了高温高压条件下酸液的缓速、降阻、配伍等问题。
In this paper, theoretical researches, experimental researches as well as practical ones have been carried out focusing on the problems of the deep acid fracturing of the Qianmiqiao carbonate reservoir bed. which is of low permeability and high temperature, starting from the reservoir properties.The main points of this paper are following.1.Researches on Theoretical ModelsIn this part, some research works have been completed, using the basic principles and research approaches of hydrodynamics, rock mechanics, and fracture mechanics and fractal geometry. These researches are (l)deriving the PSD model for artificial fractures prolongation, the numerical calculation model for temperature field of vertical well bore and artificial fractures, (2)establishing the model for acid leaking affected by the wormholes, and(3) analyzing the seepage mechanism and fractal characteristics about the fingering of the acid.2. Researches on Acid Fluid SystemAiming at lengthening the effected distance, the experiments and selection about the acid ingredients have been made, which resulted in two new type acid systems (solid acid and retardant acid) due to which controlling over the process of acid /rock reaction became much easier.3.Researches on Practical TechniquesThe treatments process of acid fracturing using solid acid has been developed. The main points about flowback and the value of treatment parameters have been given out, too.4.Appraise of the Practical ApplicationThe calculation models for effected distance, conductivity and production- increasing ratio were educed. And it is showed that after the acid fracturing treatment, the production-increasing ratio increased at 6 times.There are some innovations of this paper.(1 )The model for acid leaking affected by the wormholes has been developed, which could solve the ubiquitous problem -taking leaking models of fracturing fluid for acid leaking.(2) The researches on fractal characteristics of acid fingering have been made, and also the fractal dimension of the fingering has been educed, through combination of the theory and experiments.(3) The two new type acid systems (solid acid and retardant acid) have been developed, which solved the problem of flow speed retardance, drag reduction, compatibleness about the acid systems in the HTHP condition.
引文
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13．邹远北等．高温深层缓速酸酸化研究及应用．石油钻采工艺．2003，4
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15．于学忠．乳化酸酸压工艺技术在塔河油田的应用．石油钻探技术．2002，3
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17．杜国滨．CT降滤失酸的性能及现场应用．钻采工艺．2003，S1
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24．张平等．水力压裂裂缝三维延伸数值模拟研究．石油钻采工艺．1997，3
25．马新仿等．全三维水力压裂过程中裂缝及近缝地层的温度计算模型．石油大学学报 (自然科学版)．2001，5
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29．熊宏杰，任书泉．一种新的缝中温度场模型．西南石油学院学报．1986，2
30．屈世显等．粘性指进现象的分形研究．西安石油学院学报．1994，4．
31．张建华，刘振华粘性指进分维数与宏观参量的关系．石油学报．1997，1
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2．[美]米卡尔J．埃克诺米德斯，肯尼斯G．诺尔德著．油藏增产措施．张保平等译．北京：石油工业出版社．2002
3．王鸿勋，张士诚编著．水力压裂设计数值计算方法．北京：石油工业出版社．1998
4．千米桥板深7、板深8古潜山凝析油气藏储集层特征研究．江苏石油勘探局地质科学研究院．2000
5．千米桥潜山凝析油气藏勘探开发地质情况简介．中国石油大港油田勘探开发技术研究中心．2000
6．千米桥板深7、板深8古潜山凝析油气藏储集层特征研究．江苏石油勘探局地址科学研究院．2000
7．李颖川主编．采油工程．北京：石油工业出版社．2001
8．数值分析．史万明等编著．北京：北京理工大学出版社．2002
9．何炳全，吴小庆主编．线性代数．西南石油学院．2000
10．胥耘．碳酸盐岩储层酸压工艺技术综述．油田化学．1997，2
11．满江红．深井碳酸盐岩深度酸压工艺技术探讨．新疆石油学院学报．2003，1
12．胥耘等．碳酸盐岩储层深度酸压理论研究现状与发展．油气井测试，2002，2
13．邹远北等．高温深层缓速酸酸化研究及应用．石油钻采工艺．2003，4
14．关富佳等．乳化酸的优越性能及其油层酸化应用研究．新疆石油学院学报．2003，2
15．于学忠．乳化酸酸压工艺技术在塔河油田的应用．石油钻探技术．2002，3
16．何伟国．塔河油田乳化酸酸压技术研究．新疆石油学院学报．2001，3
17．杜国滨．CT降滤失酸的性能及现场应用．钻采工艺．2003，S1
18．吴春林．降阻酸配方及其在川中大安寨的应用．钻采工艺．2002，6
19．王素兵，罗炽臻．泡沫酸酸化在川东老井挖潜中的应用效果．钻采工艺．2003，5
20．满江红．深井碳酸盐岩储层高浓度胶凝酸液体系研究及应用．钻采工艺．2003，2
21．杜国滨等．胶凝酸在五百梯气田压裂酸化改造中的应用及作业效果分析．石油与天然气化工．2002，3
22．胥耘．碳酸盐岩储层多级注入闭合酸压技术研究及应用．石油钻采工艺．1996，5
23．赵余洲，杨兆中等．裂缝三维延伸数值模拟．“油气藏地质与开发工程”国际学术会议论文．1995，8
24．张平等．水力压裂裂缝三维延伸数值模拟研究．石油钻采工艺．1997，3
25．马新仿等．全三维水力压裂过程中裂缝及近缝地层的温度计算模型．石油大学学报 (自然科学版)．2001，5
26
26．胡永全等．影响压裂裂缝尺寸的因素分析．西部探矿工程．1995，3
27．赵金洲，任书泉．井筒内温度分布规律的数值计算方法．石油钻采工艺．1986，3
28．王鸿勋，李平．水力压裂过程中井筒温度的数值计算方法．石油学报．1987，2
29．熊宏杰，任书泉．一种新的缝中温度场模型．西南石油学院学报．1986，2
30．屈世显等．粘性指进现象的分形研究．西安石油学院学报．1994，4．
31．张建华，刘振华粘性指进分维数与宏观参量的关系．石油学报．1997，1
32．朱双玉等．利用真实砂岩微观孔隙模型研究粘性不稳定指进．西北大学学报(自然科学版)．1998，2
33．江体乾，侯望奇．多孔介质中的粘性指进与分形学．力学进展．1994，4
34．孙永达等．粘性指进显示及其分维测量．实验力学．1998，13
35．张建华等．分形生长DLA模型及其在流体驱替中的应用．西安石油学院学报．1995，3
36．张建华等．粘性指进的实验、模拟与多分形研究．科技通报．1998，9
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