加锚裂隙岩体整体力学性质研究与分析
|
摘要
岩体介质由于地壳的不断运动、发展，呈现出显著的不连续性，存在大量的节理、裂隙等不连续界面。这些裂隙的规模虽然不大，没有把岩体切割成块体，但裂隙的存在却大大改变了岩体的力学性质，从而降低了岩体的变形模量及强度参数，并且使岩体呈现明显的各向异性性质。裂隙岩体在各类工程中是非常普遍的。锚杆能够把被节理裂隙切割的岩块串在一起，增加岩体的完整性，这对于提高岩体强度、发挥岩体介质本身的自承能力能起到事半功倍的效果。经过几十年的发展和经验积累，锚杆支护已成为一种非常有效的岩土工程加固手段。但是岩体锚杆支护理论却远落后于实践。因此建立一种比较完善的适合加锚裂隙岩体的力学体系迫在眉睫。可以为生产实践提供必要的、先进的理论指导。
本文根据国内外岩体锚杆支护理论研究的现状，利用复合材料细观力学的方法建立了加锚裂隙岩体的细观力学等效模型，对其进行数值模拟研究计算，并通过室内单轴压缩试验和三轴压缩试验以及工程实例来验证理论模型和数值分析结果的正确性和合理性。主要在以下几个方面进行了研究。
(1)理论方面：用复合材料力学的研究观点和方法将加锚裂隙岩体看成一种层内混杂复合材料，建立了加锚裂隙岩体复合材料细观力学模型来描述其细观结构与宏观性能之间的关系，定量的研究了锚杆、裂隙以及粘结材料的力学性质对加锚裂隙岩体的整体力学性质的影响。
(2)试验部分：通过室内单轴和三轴压缩试验定性地研究加锚裂隙岩体的破坏模式和力学性质；通过室内试验研究了粘结材料对加锚岩体的力学性质以及强度的影响，以有一定粗糙度的压花铝片来模拟工程中所用的螺纹钢，研究了铝片与试件轴向所成的不同角度对岩体力学性质的影响，为理论研究提供实测资料，也为数值模拟计算提供计算参数和依据。
(3)数值模拟试验研究：以大型通用有限元软件Marc为依据，用自己编制的用户子程序建立有限元网格模型，模拟加锚裂隙岩体的一个体积代表单元的多种工况(单轴拉伸、压缩以及三轴压缩)，得到加锚裂隙岩体的等效应力—应变曲线和等效强度特性参数C，Φ。与细观力学模型计算的结果和室内试验结果进行比较，基本吻合，证实了数值模拟试验结果的正确性和合理性。
Rock mass is discontinuous because of the movement and development of the crust. The joint, fissure, fault fracture are the typical modes of this discontinuation. Although the small size of the joint fissure, they reduced the strength of the rock mass. And because of the existence of them the rock mass is anisotropic. Joint rock mass is universal in the engineering rock mass. In general, the intensity of integrate rock is much higher than the rock mass because the joint and structure faces lessen the intensity of rock. The function of the bolt is to colligate the disjoined rock and enhance the integrity of the rock mass, which is important to enhance the capability of the rock mass to resist the outside force.
It made great progress since 1920s. The current theory about rock bolt system is far behind from the engineering practice, which makes the practice has some blind direction. The mechanical behavior of the bolted rock joint is not fully understood, and only the experience accumulated on rock bolting gives the know-how for the reinforcement calculation and execution.
To change this status a micromechanical composite mechanical model is established on the basis of the current rock bolt theories and numerical analysis methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of the bolted joint rock mass. The quantitative relationship of mechanical properties of the bolted joint rock mass and that of the rock mass and bolt and joint is presented in the model. It is validated by the experimental test coupled with numerical simulations.
This dissertation is focus on the following fields.
(1) Considering the bolted joint rock mass as a hybrid composite and give it a quantitative stress-strain relationship with composite mechanical method.
(2) A uni-axial compression test and tri-axial compressive test were done through experimental tests and numerical simulation. Also a tri-tensile test is down through numerical simulation.
(3) In the numerical analysis, a program is designed on the basis of the large finite element method software Marc to simulate the load condition of the inside
本文根据国内外岩体锚杆支护理论研究的现状，利用复合材料细观力学的方法建立了加锚裂隙岩体的细观力学等效模型，对其进行数值模拟研究计算，并通过室内单轴压缩试验和三轴压缩试验以及工程实例来验证理论模型和数值分析结果的正确性和合理性。主要在以下几个方面进行了研究。
(1)理论方面：用复合材料力学的研究观点和方法将加锚裂隙岩体看成一种层内混杂复合材料，建立了加锚裂隙岩体复合材料细观力学模型来描述其细观结构与宏观性能之间的关系，定量的研究了锚杆、裂隙以及粘结材料的力学性质对加锚裂隙岩体的整体力学性质的影响。
(2)试验部分：通过室内单轴和三轴压缩试验定性地研究加锚裂隙岩体的破坏模式和力学性质；通过室内试验研究了粘结材料对加锚岩体的力学性质以及强度的影响，以有一定粗糙度的压花铝片来模拟工程中所用的螺纹钢，研究了铝片与试件轴向所成的不同角度对岩体力学性质的影响，为理论研究提供实测资料，也为数值模拟计算提供计算参数和依据。
(3)数值模拟试验研究：以大型通用有限元软件Marc为依据，用自己编制的用户子程序建立有限元网格模型，模拟加锚裂隙岩体的一个体积代表单元的多种工况(单轴拉伸、压缩以及三轴压缩)，得到加锚裂隙岩体的等效应力—应变曲线和等效强度特性参数C，Φ。与细观力学模型计算的结果和室内试验结果进行比较，基本吻合，证实了数值模拟试验结果的正确性和合理性。
Rock mass is discontinuous because of the movement and development of the crust. The joint, fissure, fault fracture are the typical modes of this discontinuation. Although the small size of the joint fissure, they reduced the strength of the rock mass. And because of the existence of them the rock mass is anisotropic. Joint rock mass is universal in the engineering rock mass. In general, the intensity of integrate rock is much higher than the rock mass because the joint and structure faces lessen the intensity of rock. The function of the bolt is to colligate the disjoined rock and enhance the integrity of the rock mass, which is important to enhance the capability of the rock mass to resist the outside force.
It made great progress since 1920s. The current theory about rock bolt system is far behind from the engineering practice, which makes the practice has some blind direction. The mechanical behavior of the bolted rock joint is not fully understood, and only the experience accumulated on rock bolting gives the know-how for the reinforcement calculation and execution.
To change this status a micromechanical composite mechanical model is established on the basis of the current rock bolt theories and numerical analysis methods to evaluate the mechanical properties of the bolted joint rock mass. The quantitative relationship of mechanical properties of the bolted joint rock mass and that of the rock mass and bolt and joint is presented in the model. It is validated by the experimental test coupled with numerical simulations.
This dissertation is focus on the following fields.
(1) Considering the bolted joint rock mass as a hybrid composite and give it a quantitative stress-strain relationship with composite mechanical method.
(2) A uni-axial compression test and tri-axial compressive test were done through experimental tests and numerical simulation. Also a tri-tensile test is down through numerical simulation.
(3) In the numerical analysis, a program is designed on the basis of the large finite element method software Marc to simulate the load condition of the inside
引文
[1] 徐祯祥．岩土锚固技术与西部开发[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2002
[2] 程良奎，张作瑂，杨志银．岩土加固实用技术[M]．北京：地震出版社，1994
[3] 程良奎等．岩土锚固[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2003
[4] 何满潮．孙晓明等．沿空煤巷围岩支护荷载的确定方法及其在兴隆庄的应用．国家杰出青年基金项目研究报告，1999．3
[5] 闫莫明，徐祯祥，苏自约主编．岩土锚固工程手册[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2004
[6] 钱七虎．地下空间开发利用的第四次浪潮及中国的现状、前景和发展战略，新世纪岩石力学工程的开拓和发展[A]．北京：中国科学技术出版社，2000
[7] 王梦恕．21世纪是隧道及地下空间大发展的年代[J]．西部探矿工程，2000(1)
[8] 孙钧．隧道力学问题的若干进展．西部探矿工程[J]．1993(4)
[9] 夏才初，孙宗．工程岩体节理力学[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，2002．5
[10] 陈胜宏，强晟，陈尚法．加锚岩体的三维复合单元模型研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2003，22(1)：1～8
[11] 朱维中，张玉军，任伟中．系统锚杆对三峡船闸高边坡岩体加固作用的块体相似模型试验研究[J]．岩十力学，1996，17(2)：1～6
[12] 朱维申，李术才，陈卫忠．节理岩体破坏机理和锚固效应及工程应用[M]．北京：科学出版社，2002
[13] 李术才，朱维申．加锚断续节理岩体力学特性的研究及其应用[J]．煤炭学报，1997年第5期
[14] 朱维申，任伟中．船闸边坡节理岩体锚固效应的模型试验研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2001，20(5)：720～725
[15] 李术才，朱维申．加锚节理岩体断裂损伤模型及其应用[J]．水利学报，1998
[16] 朱维申，王平．节理岩体的等效连续模型与工程应用[J]．岩土工程学报，1992，14(2)：1～11
[17] 谭学术，鲜学福，郑道访等．复合岩体力学理论及应用[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1994，p99～100
[18] 晏石林．岩体等效模型的复合解析法与节理有限元法[D]．武汉工业大学博士学位论文，1998
[19] 方岱宁，周储伟．有限元计算细观力学对复合材料力学行为的数值分析[J]．力学进展，1998年5月
[20] 希罗科夫，利杰尔著，王作容，右文波译．锚杆支护手册[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1992．5
[21] 张发明，刘宁，赵维炳．岩质边坡预应力锚固的力学行为及群锚效应[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2000年19(增)：1077～1080
[22] 周维垣．复合材料力学计算方法的现状与展望[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1993，12(1)：p84～88
[23] 张学言．岩土塑性力学[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1993
[24] 孙钧，侯学渊．地下结构(上)[M]．北京：科学出版社，1987．4
[25] 宋桂红．岩体锚杆支护系统复合材料力学性质研究与分析[D]．武汉理工大学硕士学位论文，2003
[26] 李新平，宋桂红．锚固岩体等效复合材料力学性质的研究[J]．武汉理工大学学报，2006，No．4
[27] 梁作元．某种节理岩体力学性质的模型试验研究[M]．中国科学院岩土所硕士学位论文，1988
[28] 朱维申等．复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1996
[29] 葛修润等．砂固结内锚头预应力锚杆研究．见：第一届海峡两岸隧洞与地下工程学术与技术研讨会论文集(朱维申主编)，山西太原，岩石力学与工程学报增刊，1999．8
[30] 徐干成等．地下工程支护结构[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2002，p69～71，p78，p84
[31] 郑颖人等．地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，1988，p235，288～290，365
[32] 陶振宇．岩石力学的理论与实践[M]．北京：水利出版社，1981，p383
[33] 中国岩土锚固工程协会主编．岩土工程中的锚固技术[M]．北京：地震出版社，1992
[34] 任青文，罗军．锚杆应用及加固机理研究综述[J]．水利水电科技进展，1997年17(1)
[35] 周先贵，曹金国．岩土力学数值方法研究进展[J]．建筑技术开发，2002．8：15～18
[36] 王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1997第2版
[37] 毛光宁摘译．美国锚杆支护综述[J]．世界煤炭，2001．11，27(11)：54～60
[38] 王明恕等．锚喷支护理论研究论文集[A]．沈阳：东北工学院出版社，1987
[39] 崔德仁．国内外锚杆支护技术现状及发展趋势[J]．煤，1997．6(1)：40～42
[40] 王建宇．地下工程锚喷支护原理设计[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，1980．3：p1～2
[41] 程良奎．岩土锚固的现状与发展[J]．土木工程学报，2001年34(3)：7～12
[42] 马其华，徐恩虎，朱善德．我国煤矿锚杆支护技术的发展[J]．中国矿业，1997，6(5)：47～51
[43] 唐辉明，滕伟福．岩土工程数值模拟新方法[J]．地质科技情报，1998．12，17(增2)
[44] 于学馥等．地下工程围岩稳定分析[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1983
[45] 杨林德等．岩土工程问题的反演理论与工程实践[M]．北京：科学出版社，1996
[46] 刘佑荣，唐辉明．岩体力学[M]．武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1999．9：p45
[47] 沈明荣主编．岩体力学[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1999．3
[48] 肖树芳，杨淑碧．岩体力学[M]．北京：地质出版社，1987．5
[49] 孙广忠．岩体结构力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1988
[50] 谷兆祺，彭守拙，李仲奎．地下洞室工程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1994．5：p112，p410
[51] 原国家冶金工业局主编．锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范GB50086—2001，北京：中国计划出版社出版，2001．9
[52] 张明安，宇黎亮，黄汉富．论巷道锚杆支护系统[J]．矿山压力与顶板管理，1996，No．4
[53] G．歌德赫编．张清和张弥译．有限元在岩土力学中的应用[J]．北京：中国铁道出版社，1983．3
[54] 杜善义，王彪．复合材料细观力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998
[55] 罗祖道，王震鸣．复合材料力学进展[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1992
[56] [美]T．M．惠特尼，L．M．丹尼尔等．纤维增强复合材料实验力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1990
[57] 王震鸣．复合材料力学与复合材料结构力学[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1991，p84～87
[58] 胡晓波，陈志源．碳—尼龙纤维混杂改性水泥基复合材料的力学性能研究[J]．重庆建筑大学学报，Vol．18，No．1，1996
[59] 曾庆敦．复合材料的细观破坏机制与强度[M]．北京：科学出版社，2002
[60] 李新平，刘沐宇．岩体锚杆支护复合材料的整体增强性质的研究[A]．第六次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集：171～174
[61] 李新平等．各向异性损伤岩体的锚杆加固理论研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2001年10月．V20(增2)
[62] 刘秉京．混凝土技术[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1998
[63] 庞宝君，曾涛，杜善义．三维多向编织复合材料有效弹性模量的细观计算力学分析[J]．计算力学学报，2001年02期
[64] 黄润秋等．工程地质学中的数值模拟与拟合[J]．水文地质工程学报，V18，1991，P7～10
[65] 阎莫明，徐祯祥，苏自约．岩土锚固技术的新进展[M]．北京：人民交通出版社 2000
[66] 徐祯祥，阎莫明，苏自约．岩土锚固技术与西部开发[M]．北京：人民交通出版社 2002
[67] 刘锡礼，王秉权．复合材料力学基础[M]．北京：中国建材工业出版社，1984．25～58
[68] 朱合华，陈清军，杨林德．边界元法在岩土工程中的应用[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1997．5
[69] 宋建波，张倬元，于远忠等．岩体经验强度准则及其在地质工程中的应用[M]．北京：地质出版社．2002：p36～37
[70] 黄福德，赵彦辉，李宁．预应力锚固机理数值仿真模拟分析研究[J]．西北水电，1996年01期
[71] 陈荣，杨树斌等．砂固结预应力锚杆的室内试验及锚固机理分析[J]．岩土工程学报，Vol．22．No．2
[72] 曹文贵，速宝玉．岩体锚固支护的数值流形方法模拟及其应用[J]．岩土工程学报，2001年第5期
[73] 张玉军，孙钧．锚固岩体的流变模型及计算方法[J]．岩土工程学报，1994年第3期
[74] 江玉生．关于锚固岩体的几个力学特性问题的探讨—与邹志晖、汪志林两同志商榷岩土工程学报1995年第3期
[75] 邹志晖，汪志林．对“关于锚固岩体的几个力学特性问题的探讨”一文的答复，岩土工程学报，1995年第3期
[76] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1979
[77] 杨海天，邬瑞锋，王刚等．节理岩体的复合本构有限元仿真计算[J]．岩土工程学报，V18，N6，1996，P69—76
[78] C．S．德赛，J．T．克里斯琴编，卢世深等译．岩土工程数值方法[M]．北京：中国建材工业出版社，1981
[79] 孙建生，永井哲夫，樱井春辅．一个新的节理岩体力学分析模型及其应用[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1994年01期
[80] 陈志坚，卓家寿．样本单元法及层状含裂隙岩体力学参数的确定[J]．河海大学学报(自然科学版)，2000年01期
[81] 杨桂通编．弹塑性力学[M]．北京：人民教育出版社，1980
[82] 姜鲁珍，文献民，马兴瑞等．复合材料圆管构件的等效模型研究[J]．工程力学，V17，N3，2000年6月
[83] 晏石林，黄玉盈，陈传尧．贯通节理岩体等效模型与弹性参数确定[J]．华中科技大学学报，vol．29，2001年6月
[84] 晏石林，黄玉盈，陈传尧．非贯通节理岩体等效模型与弹性参数确定[J]．华中科技大学学报，vol．29，2001年6月
[85] B．奥赫，D．汉生．锚固支护设计指南[J]．国外金属矿山，1996年第2期
[86] 石根华著，裴觉民译．数值流形方法与非连续变形分析[M]．北京；清华大学出版社，1997．8
[87] 王书法．岩体不连续非线形分析的数值流形方法研究[D]．中科院博士论文，2000．5
[88] 高磊等编．矿山岩体力学[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1979．4
[89] 王思敬，杨志法，刘竹华著．地下工程岩体稳定性分析[M]．北京：科学出版社 1984
[90] 顾金才等．预应力锚索对均质岩体的加固效应的模拟试验研究[J]．防护工程，1994．4
[91] 梁炯均．我国岩土工程预应力锚索的发展与问题．国际岩土锚固与灌浆新进展[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1996，5
[92] 陶连金．集贤矿回采巷道锚杆支护的数值模拟[J]．矿山压力与顶板管理，1995，No．3
[93] 熊敏峰，王民寿．地下洞室群施工系统仿真模拟最新进展[J]．水利水电技术，2000．4
[94] 朱维申，何满潮．复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1995
[95] 陆家梁编著．软岩巷道支护技术[M]．长春：吉林科学出版社，1995
[96] 何满潮主编．中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践[M]．北京：中国矿业大学出版社．1996
[97] 袁和生主编．煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社．1997
[98] 煤科总院北京开采所．国外锚杆支护技术译文集[A]．1997
[99] 冯树仁，余诗刚，朱祚铎等译．地下采矿岩石力学[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1986．9
[100] 李建林著．卸荷岩体力学[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003．10，p64
[101] A.Ivanovic, R.D.Neilson, A.A.Rodger. "Lumped parameter modeling of single—tendon ground anchorage systems."[J]. Geotechnical Engineering. 149 Issue 2:103—113
[102] Cheng—Yu Ku. "Modeling of jointed rock masses based on the numerical manifold method." Dissertation for Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh, 2001
[103] R.A.Mayville,R.G.Stringfellow. "Numerical analysis of a railroad hole fracture problem." [J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 24 (1995) 1—12
[104] Xinping Li(李新平) etc. Meso-mechanical Analysis for the Support System of Rockmass and Rockbolts. Proc. of the Ninth Int. Conf. on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Wuhan, China, Balkama, 1997.11
[105] R.E.Goodman and Shi-Gen-hua. "Geology and Rock Slope Stability-application for the Key Block Concept for Rock Slopes." Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Stability in Surface Mining, America Soc. of Min. Eng., pp347-374, 1982
[106] A.T.Wheeler, M.J. Clarke, G.J.hancock."FE Modeling of four-bolt, tubular moment end-plate connections." [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, July 2000:816-822
[107] Anonymous A. Roberts. Field-testing of resin anchored rock bolts: [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstr. , Vol. 11, Issue 8, pp.146-151, August 1974
[108] A model study of rock foundation problems underneath a concrete gravity dam. [J]. Engineering Geology, Vol. 1, Issue 5, pp. 349-372, September 1966
[109] Freeman. Behaviour of fully bonded rock bolts in the kielder experimental tunnel: [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci. & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol.15, Issue 5, pp.37-40, October 1978
[110] Brask, C G; Maki, K. Behaviour of bolts in rock and testing of rock bolts [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 23, Issue 1, February 1986
[111] Bjornfot, F; Stephansson, O. Interaction of grouted rock bolts and hard rock masses at variable loading in a test of the Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden: [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci. & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp.377-395, February 1985
[112] A A Balkema, Mechanical behaviour of jointed rock masses supported with rock bolts: 1989 [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 27, Issue 4, August 1990, Page 203
[113] Spang, K; Egger, P Felsbau, Mode of action and calculation of fully grouted rock bolts as reinforcement in stratified or jointed rock mass (In German): V7, N4, Nov 1989, pp. 181-189 [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 27, Issue 3, June 1990, Page A168
[114] A A Balkema, Experimental study on the rock bolt reinforcement in jointed rock mass1988 [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 26, Issue 6, December 1989, Page 322
[115] A. A. Balkema; Experimental study on the rock bolt reinforcement in discontinuous rocks [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 26, Issues 3-4, July 1989, Page A174
[116] Garga, V K; Wang, B. Numerical method for modelling large displacements of jointed rocks. II. Modelling of rock bolts and groundwater and applications: Can Geotech J V30, N1, Feb 1993, [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 30, Issue 6, pp. 109-123, December 1993
[117] Yue Cai, Tetsuro Esaki and Yujing Jiang. An analytical model to predict axial load in grouted rock bolt for soft rock tunnelling [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 6, November 2004, pp. 607-618
[118] Yue Cai, Tetsuro Esaki and Yujing Jiang, A rock bolt and rock mass interaction model [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 41, Issue 7, October 2004, pp. 1055-1067
[119] G. Grasselli, 3D Behaviour of bolted rock joints: experimental and numerical study [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci., In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 16 September 2004
[120] Ze-gan He, Sheng Qiang, Sheng-hong Chen and P. Egger Composite element method for jointed rock masses reinforced by hollow friction bolts [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci., Vol. 41, Issue 3, pp. 464, April 2004
[121] Z. G. He, S. Qiang, S. H. Chen and P. Egger. Composite element method for jointed rock masses reinforced by hollow friction bolts [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci., Vol. 41, Supplement 1, pp. 551-556, May 2004
[122] R. A. Mayville, R. G. Stringfellow. "Numerical analysis of a railroad hole fracture problem." [J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 24 (1995) 1-12
[123] P. P. Oreste, D. Peila. "Radial Passive Rockbolting in Tunneling Design With a New Convergence-confinement Model." [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 443-454, 1996
[124] Einar Broch, Arne M. Myrvang, Gisie Stlern. "Support of Large Rock Cavern in Norway." [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 11-19, 1996
[125] A. Ivanovic, R. D. Neilson, A. A. Rodger. "Lumped parameter modeling of single-tendon ground anchorage systems." [J]. Geotechnical Engineering. 149 Issue 2: 103-113
[126] Lianyang Zhang etal. "Nonlinear Analysis of Laterally Loaded Rock-Socketed Shafts. [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. November 2000: 955-968
[127] Cheng-Yu Ku. "Modeling of jointed rock masses based on the numerical manifold method." Dissertation for Ph. D., University of Pittsburgh, 2001
[128] Malek Bouteldja. "Design of cable bolts using numerical modeling." Dissertation for Ph. D., McGill University, 2000
[129] Kawamoto T, Ichikawa Y, Kyoya T. Deformation and fracturing behavior of discontinuous rock mass and damage mechanics theory [J]. Int. J. Num. And Anal. Method in Geomech., 1988, (12): 1-30
[130] Einar Broch, Arne M. Myrvang, Gisie Stlern. "Support of Large Rock Cavern in Norway." [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 11-19, 1996
[131] Gerrard CM. "Equivalent elastic moduli of a rock mass consisting of orthorhombic layers." [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1982, 19: 9-14
[132] Gerrard CM Elastic models of rock masses having one, two and three sets of joints [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1982, 19: 14-23
[133] LI Xinping, Zhu Weishen. The damage fracture analysis of jointed rock mass and its application in engineering [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1992, 43(2): 165-170
[134] Marakami S, Ohno N. A continuum theory of creep and creep damage [A]. In: Proc. 3rd TUTAM Symp. On Creep in Structures[C]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1980: 422-453
[135] P. P. Oreste, D. Peila. "Radial Passive Rockbolting in Tunneling Design with a New Convergence-confinement Model." [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 443-454, 1996
[136] A. T. Wheeler, M. J. Clarke, G. J. hancock. "FE Modeling of four-bolt, tubular moment end-plate connections." [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, July 2000: 816-822
[137] Xinping Li, Muyu Liu & Ruigeng Zhu, Overall elastic properties of support system of rockmass and rockbolts, Pacific Rocks 2000, Girard, Liebman, Breeds & doe(eds) 2000 Balkema, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 155 4
[138] LI Xinping, Zhu Weishen. The damage fracture analysis of jointed rock mass and its application in engineering [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1992, 43(2): 165-170
[139] Gerrard CM. "Equivalent elastic moduli of a rock mass consisting of orthorhombic layers." [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1982, 19: 9-14
[140] Gerrard CM. Elastic models of rock masses having one, two and three sets of joints[J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1982, 19: 14-23
[141] Salamon M D G. Elastic moduli of a stratified rock mass [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1968, 5: 519-527
[142] Lianyang Zhang etal. "Nonlinear Analysis of Laterally Loaded Rock-Socketed Shafts. [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. November 2000: 955-968
[143] Kawamoto T, Ichikawa Y, Kyoya T. Deformation and fracturing behavior of discontinuous rock mass and damage mechanics theory [J]. Int. J. Num. And Anal. Method in Geomech., 1988, (12): 1-30
[144] Salamon M D G. Elastic moduli of a stratified rock mass [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1968, 5: 519-527
[145] Malek Bouteldja. "Design of cable bolts using numerical modeling." Dissertation for Ph. D., McGill University, 2000
[146] T. Adachi et al, An Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Model for Soft Rock with softening. Int. J. Num. Anal. Method Geomech. V19, 1995, pp. 233-247
[147] B. Indraratna, N. I. Aziz and A. Dey, Behaviour of joints containing clay infill under constant normal stiffiness, with and without bolting, Geotechnical Engineering 149, pp. 259-267
[148] Zhang Qiangyong(张强勇) Elastoplastic damage constitutive model for jointed rockmass and its rock bolt computation
[149] John A. Hudson. Engineering rock mechanics. Redwood Books Press, 1997
[150] F.O. Franclss. Weak Rock Tunelling. A. A. Balkema Press, 1997
[151] A. Kidybinski. Strata Control in Deep Mines. A. A. Balkema Press, 1990
[2] 程良奎，张作瑂，杨志银．岩土加固实用技术[M]．北京：地震出版社，1994
[3] 程良奎等．岩土锚固[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2003
[4] 何满潮．孙晓明等．沿空煤巷围岩支护荷载的确定方法及其在兴隆庄的应用．国家杰出青年基金项目研究报告，1999．3
[5] 闫莫明，徐祯祥，苏自约主编．岩土锚固工程手册[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2004
[6] 钱七虎．地下空间开发利用的第四次浪潮及中国的现状、前景和发展战略，新世纪岩石力学工程的开拓和发展[A]．北京：中国科学技术出版社，2000
[7] 王梦恕．21世纪是隧道及地下空间大发展的年代[J]．西部探矿工程，2000(1)
[8] 孙钧．隧道力学问题的若干进展．西部探矿工程[J]．1993(4)
[9] 夏才初，孙宗．工程岩体节理力学[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，2002．5
[10] 陈胜宏，强晟，陈尚法．加锚岩体的三维复合单元模型研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2003，22(1)：1～8
[11] 朱维中，张玉军，任伟中．系统锚杆对三峡船闸高边坡岩体加固作用的块体相似模型试验研究[J]．岩十力学，1996，17(2)：1～6
[12] 朱维申，李术才，陈卫忠．节理岩体破坏机理和锚固效应及工程应用[M]．北京：科学出版社，2002
[13] 李术才，朱维申．加锚断续节理岩体力学特性的研究及其应用[J]．煤炭学报，1997年第5期
[14] 朱维申，任伟中．船闸边坡节理岩体锚固效应的模型试验研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2001，20(5)：720～725
[15] 李术才，朱维申．加锚节理岩体断裂损伤模型及其应用[J]．水利学报，1998
[16] 朱维申，王平．节理岩体的等效连续模型与工程应用[J]．岩土工程学报，1992，14(2)：1～11
[17] 谭学术，鲜学福，郑道访等．复合岩体力学理论及应用[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1994，p99～100
[18] 晏石林．岩体等效模型的复合解析法与节理有限元法[D]．武汉工业大学博士学位论文，1998
[19] 方岱宁，周储伟．有限元计算细观力学对复合材料力学行为的数值分析[J]．力学进展，1998年5月
[20] 希罗科夫，利杰尔著，王作容，右文波译．锚杆支护手册[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1992．5
[21] 张发明，刘宁，赵维炳．岩质边坡预应力锚固的力学行为及群锚效应[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2000年19(增)：1077～1080
[22] 周维垣．复合材料力学计算方法的现状与展望[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1993，12(1)：p84～88
[23] 张学言．岩土塑性力学[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1993
[24] 孙钧，侯学渊．地下结构(上)[M]．北京：科学出版社，1987．4
[25] 宋桂红．岩体锚杆支护系统复合材料力学性质研究与分析[D]．武汉理工大学硕士学位论文，2003
[26] 李新平，宋桂红．锚固岩体等效复合材料力学性质的研究[J]．武汉理工大学学报，2006，No．4
[27] 梁作元．某种节理岩体力学性质的模型试验研究[M]．中国科学院岩土所硕士学位论文，1988
[28] 朱维申等．复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1996
[29] 葛修润等．砂固结内锚头预应力锚杆研究．见：第一届海峡两岸隧洞与地下工程学术与技术研讨会论文集(朱维申主编)，山西太原，岩石力学与工程学报增刊，1999．8
[30] 徐干成等．地下工程支护结构[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2002，p69～71，p78，p84
[31] 郑颖人等．地下工程锚喷支护设计指南[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，1988，p235，288～290，365
[32] 陶振宇．岩石力学的理论与实践[M]．北京：水利出版社，1981，p383
[33] 中国岩土锚固工程协会主编．岩土工程中的锚固技术[M]．北京：地震出版社，1992
[34] 任青文，罗军．锚杆应用及加固机理研究综述[J]．水利水电科技进展，1997年17(1)
[35] 周先贵，曹金国．岩土力学数值方法研究进展[J]．建筑技术开发，2002．8：15～18
[36] 王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理与数值方法[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1997第2版
[37] 毛光宁摘译．美国锚杆支护综述[J]．世界煤炭，2001．11，27(11)：54～60
[38] 王明恕等．锚喷支护理论研究论文集[A]．沈阳：东北工学院出版社，1987
[39] 崔德仁．国内外锚杆支护技术现状及发展趋势[J]．煤，1997．6(1)：40～42
[40] 王建宇．地下工程锚喷支护原理设计[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，1980．3：p1～2
[41] 程良奎．岩土锚固的现状与发展[J]．土木工程学报，2001年34(3)：7～12
[42] 马其华，徐恩虎，朱善德．我国煤矿锚杆支护技术的发展[J]．中国矿业，1997，6(5)：47～51
[43] 唐辉明，滕伟福．岩土工程数值模拟新方法[J]．地质科技情报，1998．12，17(增2)
[44] 于学馥等．地下工程围岩稳定分析[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1983
[45] 杨林德等．岩土工程问题的反演理论与工程实践[M]．北京：科学出版社，1996
[46] 刘佑荣，唐辉明．岩体力学[M]．武汉：中国地质大学出版社，1999．9：p45
[47] 沈明荣主编．岩体力学[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1999．3
[48] 肖树芳，杨淑碧．岩体力学[M]．北京：地质出版社，1987．5
[49] 孙广忠．岩体结构力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1988
[50] 谷兆祺，彭守拙，李仲奎．地下洞室工程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，1994．5：p112，p410
[51] 原国家冶金工业局主编．锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范GB50086—2001，北京：中国计划出版社出版，2001．9
[52] 张明安，宇黎亮，黄汉富．论巷道锚杆支护系统[J]．矿山压力与顶板管理，1996，No．4
[53] G．歌德赫编．张清和张弥译．有限元在岩土力学中的应用[J]．北京：中国铁道出版社，1983．3
[54] 杜善义，王彪．复合材料细观力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998
[55] 罗祖道，王震鸣．复合材料力学进展[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1992
[56] [美]T．M．惠特尼，L．M．丹尼尔等．纤维增强复合材料实验力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1990
[57] 王震鸣．复合材料力学与复合材料结构力学[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1991，p84～87
[58] 胡晓波，陈志源．碳—尼龙纤维混杂改性水泥基复合材料的力学性能研究[J]．重庆建筑大学学报，Vol．18，No．1，1996
[59] 曾庆敦．复合材料的细观破坏机制与强度[M]．北京：科学出版社，2002
[60] 李新平，刘沐宇．岩体锚杆支护复合材料的整体增强性质的研究[A]．第六次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集：171～174
[61] 李新平等．各向异性损伤岩体的锚杆加固理论研究[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，2001年10月．V20(增2)
[62] 刘秉京．混凝土技术[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，1998
[63] 庞宝君，曾涛，杜善义．三维多向编织复合材料有效弹性模量的细观计算力学分析[J]．计算力学学报，2001年02期
[64] 黄润秋等．工程地质学中的数值模拟与拟合[J]．水文地质工程学报，V18，1991，P7～10
[65] 阎莫明，徐祯祥，苏自约．岩土锚固技术的新进展[M]．北京：人民交通出版社 2000
[66] 徐祯祥，阎莫明，苏自约．岩土锚固技术与西部开发[M]．北京：人民交通出版社 2002
[67] 刘锡礼，王秉权．复合材料力学基础[M]．北京：中国建材工业出版社，1984．25～58
[68] 朱合华，陈清军，杨林德．边界元法在岩土工程中的应用[M]．上海：同济大学出版社，1997．5
[69] 宋建波，张倬元，于远忠等．岩体经验强度准则及其在地质工程中的应用[M]．北京：地质出版社．2002：p36～37
[70] 黄福德，赵彦辉，李宁．预应力锚固机理数值仿真模拟分析研究[J]．西北水电，1996年01期
[71] 陈荣，杨树斌等．砂固结预应力锚杆的室内试验及锚固机理分析[J]．岩土工程学报，Vol．22．No．2
[72] 曹文贵，速宝玉．岩体锚固支护的数值流形方法模拟及其应用[J]．岩土工程学报，2001年第5期
[73] 张玉军，孙钧．锚固岩体的流变模型及计算方法[J]．岩土工程学报，1994年第3期
[74] 江玉生．关于锚固岩体的几个力学特性问题的探讨—与邹志晖、汪志林两同志商榷岩土工程学报1995年第3期
[75] 邹志晖，汪志林．对“关于锚固岩体的几个力学特性问题的探讨”一文的答复，岩土工程学报，1995年第3期
[76] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用[M]．北京：水利电力出版社，1979
[77] 杨海天，邬瑞锋，王刚等．节理岩体的复合本构有限元仿真计算[J]．岩土工程学报，V18，N6，1996，P69—76
[78] C．S．德赛，J．T．克里斯琴编，卢世深等译．岩土工程数值方法[M]．北京：中国建材工业出版社，1981
[79] 孙建生，永井哲夫，樱井春辅．一个新的节理岩体力学分析模型及其应用[J]．岩石力学与工程学报，1994年01期
[80] 陈志坚，卓家寿．样本单元法及层状含裂隙岩体力学参数的确定[J]．河海大学学报(自然科学版)，2000年01期
[81] 杨桂通编．弹塑性力学[M]．北京：人民教育出版社，1980
[82] 姜鲁珍，文献民，马兴瑞等．复合材料圆管构件的等效模型研究[J]．工程力学，V17，N3，2000年6月
[83] 晏石林，黄玉盈，陈传尧．贯通节理岩体等效模型与弹性参数确定[J]．华中科技大学学报，vol．29，2001年6月
[84] 晏石林，黄玉盈，陈传尧．非贯通节理岩体等效模型与弹性参数确定[J]．华中科技大学学报，vol．29，2001年6月
[85] B．奥赫，D．汉生．锚固支护设计指南[J]．国外金属矿山，1996年第2期
[86] 石根华著，裴觉民译．数值流形方法与非连续变形分析[M]．北京；清华大学出版社，1997．8
[87] 王书法．岩体不连续非线形分析的数值流形方法研究[D]．中科院博士论文，2000．5
[88] 高磊等编．矿山岩体力学[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1979．4
[89] 王思敬，杨志法，刘竹华著．地下工程岩体稳定性分析[M]．北京：科学出版社 1984
[90] 顾金才等．预应力锚索对均质岩体的加固效应的模拟试验研究[J]．防护工程，1994．4
[91] 梁炯均．我国岩土工程预应力锚索的发展与问题．国际岩土锚固与灌浆新进展[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1996，5
[92] 陶连金．集贤矿回采巷道锚杆支护的数值模拟[J]．矿山压力与顶板管理，1995，No．3
[93] 熊敏峰，王民寿．地下洞室群施工系统仿真模拟最新进展[J]．水利水电技术，2000．4
[94] 朱维申，何满潮．复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M]．北京：科学出版社，1995
[95] 陆家梁编著．软岩巷道支护技术[M]．长春：吉林科学出版社，1995
[96] 何满潮主编．中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践[M]．北京：中国矿业大学出版社．1996
[97] 袁和生主编．煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社．1997
[98] 煤科总院北京开采所．国外锚杆支护技术译文集[A]．1997
[99] 冯树仁，余诗刚，朱祚铎等译．地下采矿岩石力学[M]．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1986．9
[100] 李建林著．卸荷岩体力学[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003．10，p64
[101] A.Ivanovic, R.D.Neilson, A.A.Rodger. "Lumped parameter modeling of single—tendon ground anchorage systems."[J]. Geotechnical Engineering. 149 Issue 2:103—113
[102] Cheng—Yu Ku. "Modeling of jointed rock masses based on the numerical manifold method." Dissertation for Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh, 2001
[103] R.A.Mayville,R.G.Stringfellow. "Numerical analysis of a railroad hole fracture problem." [J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 24 (1995) 1—12
[104] Xinping Li(李新平) etc. Meso-mechanical Analysis for the Support System of Rockmass and Rockbolts. Proc. of the Ninth Int. Conf. on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Wuhan, China, Balkama, 1997.11
[105] R.E.Goodman and Shi-Gen-hua. "Geology and Rock Slope Stability-application for the Key Block Concept for Rock Slopes." Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Stability in Surface Mining, America Soc. of Min. Eng., pp347-374, 1982
[106] A.T.Wheeler, M.J. Clarke, G.J.hancock."FE Modeling of four-bolt, tubular moment end-plate connections." [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, July 2000:816-822
[107] Anonymous A. Roberts. Field-testing of resin anchored rock bolts: [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstr. , Vol. 11, Issue 8, pp.146-151, August 1974
[108] A model study of rock foundation problems underneath a concrete gravity dam. [J]. Engineering Geology, Vol. 1, Issue 5, pp. 349-372, September 1966
[109] Freeman. Behaviour of fully bonded rock bolts in the kielder experimental tunnel: [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci. & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol.15, Issue 5, pp.37-40, October 1978
[110] Brask, C G; Maki, K. Behaviour of bolts in rock and testing of rock bolts [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 23, Issue 1, February 1986
[111] Bjornfot, F; Stephansson, O. Interaction of grouted rock bolts and hard rock masses at variable loading in a test of the Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden: [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci. & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp.377-395, February 1985
[112] A A Balkema, Mechanical behaviour of jointed rock masses supported with rock bolts: 1989 [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 27, Issue 4, August 1990, Page 203
[113] Spang, K; Egger, P Felsbau, Mode of action and calculation of fully grouted rock bolts as reinforcement in stratified or jointed rock mass (In German): V7, N4, Nov 1989, pp. 181-189 [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 27, Issue 3, June 1990, Page A168
[114] A A Balkema, Experimental study on the rock bolt reinforcement in jointed rock mass1988 [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 26, Issue 6, December 1989, Page 322
[115] A. A. Balkema; Experimental study on the rock bolt reinforcement in discontinuous rocks [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Volume 26, Issues 3-4, July 1989, Page A174
[116] Garga, V K; Wang, B. Numerical method for modelling large displacements of jointed rocks. II. Modelling of rock bolts and groundwater and applications: Can Geotech J V30, N1, Feb 1993, [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 30, Issue 6, pp. 109-123, December 1993
[117] Yue Cai, Tetsuro Esaki and Yujing Jiang. An analytical model to predict axial load in grouted rock bolt for soft rock tunnelling [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 6, November 2004, pp. 607-618
[118] Yue Cai, Tetsuro Esaki and Yujing Jiang, A rock bolt and rock mass interaction model [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 41, Issue 7, October 2004, pp. 1055-1067
[119] G. Grasselli, 3D Behaviour of bolted rock joints: experimental and numerical study [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci., In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 16 September 2004
[120] Ze-gan He, Sheng Qiang, Sheng-hong Chen and P. Egger Composite element method for jointed rock masses reinforced by hollow friction bolts [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci., Vol. 41, Issue 3, pp. 464, April 2004
[121] Z. G. He, S. Qiang, S. H. Chen and P. Egger. Composite element method for jointed rock masses reinforced by hollow friction bolts [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Min. Sci., Vol. 41, Supplement 1, pp. 551-556, May 2004
[122] R. A. Mayville, R. G. Stringfellow. "Numerical analysis of a railroad hole fracture problem." [J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 24 (1995) 1-12
[123] P. P. Oreste, D. Peila. "Radial Passive Rockbolting in Tunneling Design With a New Convergence-confinement Model." [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 443-454, 1996
[124] Einar Broch, Arne M. Myrvang, Gisie Stlern. "Support of Large Rock Cavern in Norway." [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 11-19, 1996
[125] A. Ivanovic, R. D. Neilson, A. A. Rodger. "Lumped parameter modeling of single-tendon ground anchorage systems." [J]. Geotechnical Engineering. 149 Issue 2: 103-113
[126] Lianyang Zhang etal. "Nonlinear Analysis of Laterally Loaded Rock-Socketed Shafts. [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. November 2000: 955-968
[127] Cheng-Yu Ku. "Modeling of jointed rock masses based on the numerical manifold method." Dissertation for Ph. D., University of Pittsburgh, 2001
[128] Malek Bouteldja. "Design of cable bolts using numerical modeling." Dissertation for Ph. D., McGill University, 2000
[129] Kawamoto T, Ichikawa Y, Kyoya T. Deformation and fracturing behavior of discontinuous rock mass and damage mechanics theory [J]. Int. J. Num. And Anal. Method in Geomech., 1988, (12): 1-30
[130] Einar Broch, Arne M. Myrvang, Gisie Stlern. "Support of Large Rock Cavern in Norway." [J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 11-19, 1996
[131] Gerrard CM. "Equivalent elastic moduli of a rock mass consisting of orthorhombic layers." [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1982, 19: 9-14
[132] Gerrard CM Elastic models of rock masses having one, two and three sets of joints [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1982, 19: 14-23
[133] LI Xinping, Zhu Weishen. The damage fracture analysis of jointed rock mass and its application in engineering [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1992, 43(2): 165-170
[134] Marakami S, Ohno N. A continuum theory of creep and creep damage [A]. In: Proc. 3rd TUTAM Symp. On Creep in Structures[C]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1980: 422-453
[135] P. P. Oreste, D. Peila. "Radial Passive Rockbolting in Tunneling Design with a New Convergence-confinement Model." [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 443-454, 1996
[136] A. T. Wheeler, M. J. Clarke, G. J. hancock. "FE Modeling of four-bolt, tubular moment end-plate connections." [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, July 2000: 816-822
[137] Xinping Li, Muyu Liu & Ruigeng Zhu, Overall elastic properties of support system of rockmass and rockbolts, Pacific Rocks 2000, Girard, Liebman, Breeds & doe(eds) 2000 Balkema, Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 155 4
[138] LI Xinping, Zhu Weishen. The damage fracture analysis of jointed rock mass and its application in engineering [J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1992, 43(2): 165-170
[139] Gerrard CM. "Equivalent elastic moduli of a rock mass consisting of orthorhombic layers." [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1982, 19: 9-14
[140] Gerrard CM. Elastic models of rock masses having one, two and three sets of joints[J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1982, 19: 14-23
[141] Salamon M D G. Elastic moduli of a stratified rock mass [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1968, 5: 519-527
[142] Lianyang Zhang etal. "Nonlinear Analysis of Laterally Loaded Rock-Socketed Shafts. [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. November 2000: 955-968
[143] Kawamoto T, Ichikawa Y, Kyoya T. Deformation and fracturing behavior of discontinuous rock mass and damage mechanics theory [J]. Int. J. Num. And Anal. Method in Geomech., 1988, (12): 1-30
[144] Salamon M D G. Elastic moduli of a stratified rock mass [J]. Int. J. Rock mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 1968, 5: 519-527
[145] Malek Bouteldja. "Design of cable bolts using numerical modeling." Dissertation for Ph. D., McGill University, 2000
[146] T. Adachi et al, An Elasto-Plastic Constitutive Model for Soft Rock with softening. Int. J. Num. Anal. Method Geomech. V19, 1995, pp. 233-247
[147] B. Indraratna, N. I. Aziz and A. Dey, Behaviour of joints containing clay infill under constant normal stiffiness, with and without bolting, Geotechnical Engineering 149, pp. 259-267
[148] Zhang Qiangyong(张强勇) Elastoplastic damage constitutive model for jointed rockmass and its rock bolt computation
[149] John A. Hudson. Engineering rock mechanics. Redwood Books Press, 1997
[150] F.O. Franclss. Weak Rock Tunelling. A. A. Balkema Press, 1997
[151] A. Kidybinski. Strata Control in Deep Mines. A. A. Balkema Press, 1990