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非洲雏鸵鸟松果体的形态学和褪黑素受体在小脑和脾脏内的分布研究
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摘要
非洲鸵鸟具有很高的经济价值,因此鸵鸟生产作为一种节粮型畜牧业在我国备受关注,雏鸵鸟的培育是养殖过程中最为重要关键的环节。松果体是机体内重要的神经内分泌腺体之一,能感受光照,并分泌褪黑激素(Mel)。Mel具有广泛的生物学功能,通过与各组织器官上的褪黑素受体(MR)特异结合来调节它们的活动及功能。本研究以非洲雏鸵鸟为试验动物,对其松果体进行形态学研究,并利用免疫组化SABC法,研究MR在小脑和脾脏中的分布。主要研究工作和结果如下:
     1非洲雏鸵鸟松果体的形态学研究
     为了弄清非洲雏鸵鸟松果体的结构特点,本研究选用90日龄雏鸵鸟雌雄各5羽为试验动物,深麻,并放血致死,开颅取松果体并观察其解剖结构;石蜡切片,采用HE染色、镀银法染色和电镜技术对其组织结构和超微结构进行研究。结果显示:非洲雏鸵鸟松果体为一个独立的器官,呈倒锥体形,位于大脑两半球与小脑之间的三角形间隙内,由一细长的柄连接于第三脑室顶,其顶部与硬脑膜相连接。松果体被膜较薄,伸入松果体实质形成小梁,将实质分为不规则的小叶,实质主要由松果体细胞和神经胶质细胞构成,松果体细胞偶尔排列为管泡状的滤泡;松果体中血管丰富。电镜下,松果体细胞有类似于哺乳动物松果体细胞的明暗之分,细胞中线粒体、内质网、高尔基复合体、核糖体等细胞器丰富,胞质内有大量的分泌颗粒。这一研究结果表明:非洲雏鸵鸟松果体具有与鸡、鹅等禽类松果体相似的的结构,其功能较为活跃,这可能与鸵鸟处于生长发育旺盛期有关。
     2 MR在非洲雏鸵鸟小脑和脾脏内的分布
     Mel是松果体分泌的神经内分泌激素,具有广泛的生物学作用,通过与各组织器官上的MR特异结合发挥作用。为了探讨非洲雏鸵鸟小脑和脾脏中是否存在Mel特异结合的MR,本研究选用人工饲养条件下90日龄雏鸵鸟雌雄各5羽为试验动物,取新鲜小脑和脾脏组织块,制作石蜡切片,采用免疫组化SABC法染色并观察MR在小脑及脾脏中的分布。结果显示:雏鸵鸟小脑皮质有MR阳性产物分布,小脑髓质未见阳性结果;小脑皮质分子层中星形细胞、蒲肯野细胞层中蒲肯野细胞均整个细胞着色,颗粒层颗粒细胞仅核着色。脾脏中MR阳性细胞仅细胞膜和细胞质着色,细胞核不着色;阳性细胞呈圆形或卵圆形,胞体较大,胞核圆形或椭圆形;数量较多,分布较广,主要分布于红髓,在椭球周围也有少量阳性细胞的分布,阳性细胞呈散在性分布。这一研究结果表明:Mel是直接通过小脑和脾脏组织中的MR而发挥作用的,而且MR不仅存在于细胞膜,还存在于细胞核中,说明Mel可作用于细胞核,影响DNA转录及蛋白质合成过程。
The economic value of African ostrich is so high that many people pay great attentionto productions of African ostrich in our country as a food-saving type animal husbandry.Breeding of African ostrich chicks is the most important for cultivation. Pineal gland, asone of important neuroendocrine glands in organism, is able to recept illumination andsecrete melatonin(Mel). Mel has multiple physiological functions, regulate activities andfunctions of various kinds of tissues and organs by specially binding with melatoninreceptor(MR) in them. So in the present study, 5 male and 5 female African ostrich chickswere regarded as experimental animals, morphologically study on their pineal glands, andstudy on distribution of MR in cerebellum and spleen were stained by immunohistochemical SABC method. The present study includes two parts:
     1 Morphological study on pineal gland in African ostrich chicks
     In order to make clear the structure characteristics of pineal gland in African ostrichchicks, 10 ninety days old African ostrich chicks were obtained in the present study. Afterdeeply anesthetized with 10% urethane(1g/kg body weight), and killed by blood letting,the cranium was opened and the pineal gland was taken out to observe the anatomicstructure. Serial paraffin traverse sections were made. The histologic structure andultrastructure were studied by HE staining, sliver staining and electron microscopetechnique. The results are as follows: pineal gland in African ostrich chick is anindependent organ, inverted cone, located in triangular gap shaped with two cerebralhemispheres and cerebellum, connected with third ventricle by a slender stem, copularpart of pineal gland linked cerebral dura mater. The pineal gland capsule in ostrich chickswas thin and extended into parenchyma to be trabeculaes which divide parenchyma intomany difform foliolum, main component parts of parenchyma were pinealocytes and glialcells, pinealocytes arranged into tubulo-alveolar follicles occasionally. Blood vessels inpineal gland were in abundance. Under transmission electron microscope, pinealocyteshad difference between light and dark, this point was similar to pinealocytes in mammals.Organelle in cytoplasm were abundant, such as mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi complex, ribosome and so on. In addition, there were a large number of secretory granule in cytoplasm. These results indicate that the structure of pineal gland in Africanostrich chick is similar to those of goose and chicken, the function of pineal gland wasactive, which was relevant to the prosperity stage of growth and development.
     2 The distribution of MR in cerebellum and spleen in African ostrich chicks
     Mel, secreted by pineal gland, is a neuroendocrine hormone, has multiplephysiological functions, produce a marked effect by specially binding with MR in variouskinds of tissues and organs. In order to study whether MR exists in cerebellum and spleenin ostrich chicks, 10 ninety days old African ostrich chicks were.obtained in the presentstudy, half of them were female, pieces of fresh cerebellum and spleen were removed tomake paraffin sections. The immunohistochemical method SABC Was used to examinethe distribution of MR in cerebellum and spleen. The results are as follows: MR positiveproducts were found in cerebellar cortex, not in the medulla of cerebellum. Satellite cellsin molecUlar layer and Purkinje cells in Purkinje cell layer were colored in whole cell, andgranular cells in granular layer only in nucleus. In spleen, the MR positive cells werecolored in membrane and cytoplasm, not in nucleus. Positive cells were round or oval,cell body was big. The number of positive cells is large, which mainly scatter in the redpulp, and also around ellipsoids. These results indicate that Mel produces a marked effectby specially binding with MR in cerebellum and spleen, and MR not only exists in cellmembrane, but also in nucleus, these results suggest that Mel is able to affect DNAtranscription and protein synthesis by acting on nucleus.
引文
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