我国扩大居民消费性内需的制约因素及对策研究
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摘要
改革开放30多年以来,我国经济取得了举世瞩目的持续高速增长,GDP年均增长率在9.7%以上,比世界同期发达国家的增长率高出近3倍,经济总量已经跃居世界第三。但是,在我国宏观经济中长期存在的一个亟待解决的问题,就是投资需求、消费需求和出口需求三股拉动力严重不均衡,经济增长过分依赖投资需求和外贸出口,国内消费需求的拉动力长期过弱。尤其是在当前世界性经济危机不断发展蔓延的严峻形势下,中国经济也不可避免地受到严重的影响,出现了增长速度明显的放缓和下降。尽管我国是一个有相对完善、独立的经济体系的大国,但同时我国又是一个内需不足、严重依赖世界市场的经济体,面对当前外需的持续下降,2008年11月9日,我国政府做出了扩大内需的正确决策。
内需是一个国家国内消费需求的简称,内需一般又可以分为投资(生产)性内需和居民的消费性内需。本文针对目前我国扩大内需中存在的重投资性内需,轻消费性内需的倾向,侧重研究了在扩大内需中的居民(最终)消费性内需扩大问题。围绕着我国扩大居民消费性内需的制约因素进行了比较深入的研究,并提出了相应的对策和建议。
本文首先通过对相关文献的分析和对国内学者的消费理论的细致总结,对世界金融危机形势下我国扩大内需的必要性进行分析；其次指出当前世界经济的衰退形势对我国经济的影响和我国现阶段的消费现状、存在的问题并指出问题的成因是由于初次分配中劳动者工资所占比重过低、收入分配差距不断扩大制约低收入群体的购买力、社会保障制度不健全、第三产业的滞后发展及住房价格居高不下抑制了居民的其他消费造成的。最后根据上述原因提出相应的对策即：调整收入分配比例提高劳动者工资、调节分配关系提高居民消费能力、健全社会保障制度、努力扩大劳动就业,发展多种就业手段及合理调整房价提升居民消费能力。最后对全文进行归纳性总结。
本文共分五章,依次为绪论、世界经济形势及我国扩大内需的必要性、目前我国居民消费需求现状及成因、扩大居民消费需求的对策和结语。
Since reform and opening-up 30 years ago, our economy had obtained an achievement high speed development. Yearly growth of GDP is upon 9.7%,3 times higher than the other developed countries in the world at the same period. China has ranked the third in the world in terms of the size of its economy. But a long term problem exists in the economic development that is unbalance among investment demand, consumption demand and export demand. But economic development in our country depends on investment demand and export too much. But economic development speed slow down after economic crisis. Although China has a comparative prefect and absolute economy system, but insufficient demand and dependence economy also exists. The government made a decision of expanding domestic demand in 9th Nov.2009 to respond the drop of domestic demand.
Domestic demand is shortened form of domestic consumption demand of a country. Domestic demand is classified investment demand and consumption demand. The situation of our country is that investment demand is held in esteem and consumption is made light of. The author aims at this situation and then researches the restricting factors deeply. Countermeasures and suggestions are given in the article.
Firstly, the author analyses relative literatures and concludes the ideas of scholar in our country; secondly, the author points out the influence of economic crisis on economic development、the economic status in China and the existing problems. Reasons of problems are also pointed out:salaries proportion of laborer is too low in the first distribution; purchasing power of low-income populations and unsound social security system are restricted by the income distribution gap growth; impeded development of the third industry and the high house price restrain the other consumption of inhabitants; Thirdly, the author gives countermeasures:adjusting distribution proportion; increasing salaries of laborer; adjusting distribution relations; perfecting social security system; enlarging employment and then developing more employments; adjusting house price reasonably and finally the author concludes the whole article.
There are five parts in the article:introduction; economic situation in the world and the necessity of expanding the domestic demand; status of consumption and the reason; countermeasures of expanding consumer spending and the conclusion.
内需是一个国家国内消费需求的简称,内需一般又可以分为投资(生产)性内需和居民的消费性内需。本文针对目前我国扩大内需中存在的重投资性内需,轻消费性内需的倾向,侧重研究了在扩大内需中的居民(最终)消费性内需扩大问题。围绕着我国扩大居民消费性内需的制约因素进行了比较深入的研究,并提出了相应的对策和建议。
本文首先通过对相关文献的分析和对国内学者的消费理论的细致总结,对世界金融危机形势下我国扩大内需的必要性进行分析；其次指出当前世界经济的衰退形势对我国经济的影响和我国现阶段的消费现状、存在的问题并指出问题的成因是由于初次分配中劳动者工资所占比重过低、收入分配差距不断扩大制约低收入群体的购买力、社会保障制度不健全、第三产业的滞后发展及住房价格居高不下抑制了居民的其他消费造成的。最后根据上述原因提出相应的对策即：调整收入分配比例提高劳动者工资、调节分配关系提高居民消费能力、健全社会保障制度、努力扩大劳动就业,发展多种就业手段及合理调整房价提升居民消费能力。最后对全文进行归纳性总结。
本文共分五章,依次为绪论、世界经济形势及我国扩大内需的必要性、目前我国居民消费需求现状及成因、扩大居民消费需求的对策和结语。
Since reform and opening-up 30 years ago, our economy had obtained an achievement high speed development. Yearly growth of GDP is upon 9.7%,3 times higher than the other developed countries in the world at the same period. China has ranked the third in the world in terms of the size of its economy. But a long term problem exists in the economic development that is unbalance among investment demand, consumption demand and export demand. But economic development in our country depends on investment demand and export too much. But economic development speed slow down after economic crisis. Although China has a comparative prefect and absolute economy system, but insufficient demand and dependence economy also exists. The government made a decision of expanding domestic demand in 9th Nov.2009 to respond the drop of domestic demand.
Domestic demand is shortened form of domestic consumption demand of a country. Domestic demand is classified investment demand and consumption demand. The situation of our country is that investment demand is held in esteem and consumption is made light of. The author aims at this situation and then researches the restricting factors deeply. Countermeasures and suggestions are given in the article.
Firstly, the author analyses relative literatures and concludes the ideas of scholar in our country; secondly, the author points out the influence of economic crisis on economic development、the economic status in China and the existing problems. Reasons of problems are also pointed out:salaries proportion of laborer is too low in the first distribution; purchasing power of low-income populations and unsound social security system are restricted by the income distribution gap growth; impeded development of the third industry and the high house price restrain the other consumption of inhabitants; Thirdly, the author gives countermeasures:adjusting distribution proportion; increasing salaries of laborer; adjusting distribution relations; perfecting social security system; enlarging employment and then developing more employments; adjusting house price reasonably and finally the author concludes the whole article.
There are five parts in the article:introduction; economic situation in the world and the necessity of expanding the domestic demand; status of consumption and the reason; countermeasures of expanding consumer spending and the conclusion.
引文
[1]赵晓.公共消费与扩大内需战略[J].中国发展观察,2007,(6).
[2]丁元竹.换个视角看扩大内需[J].学习月刊,2006(5).
[3]袁志伟.论收入分配调整对启动居民消费需求的影响[D].天津财经大学,2007.
[4]赵振华.关于提高初次分配中劳动报酬比例的思考[J].中共中央党校学报,2007,(12).
[5]唐敏.住房消费：房价过高是屏障[J].瞭望,2000,(5).
[6]温娇秀.转轨时期我国城镇居民预防性储蓄行为研究[D].湘潭大学,2004.
[7]万广华,张茵,牛建高.流动性约束、不确定性与中国居民消费[J].经济研究,2001,(11).
[8]廖春莲.实施西部大开发以来的东、中、西部地区发展仍较大的原因分析[J].现代经济,2008,(11).
[9]胡树华,左继宏,周宏.中部经济发展现状分析[J].财政与发展,2004,(7).
[10]李燕飞,徐晓明,金浩.消费与经济增长关系的实证分析及政策选择[J].河北工业大学成人教育学院学报,2007,(2).
[11]刘晓昆.调整消费政策,促进消费增长[J].价格月刊,2003,(2).
[12]孙浩,周荣滋.消费政策浅议[J].经济师,2007,(11).
[13]李君如.树立“消费也是生产”的科学观念[J].中国报道,2009,(1).
[14]成四堂.构建新型消费观念是促进我国经济持续发展的关键[J].宿州教育学院学报,2008,(1).
[15]范梅灵,杨春光.关于目前我国社会保障制度若干问题思考[J].经济问题,2001,(10).
[16]王东进.中国特色城镇化与劳动保障——在“中国特色城镇化”论坛上的讲话[J].中国劳动,2003,(10).
[17]金小红.中国社会保障制度改革专家意见综述[J].社会保险研究.2001,(8).
[18]姜发,马小敏.关于我国社会保障问题研究综述[J].松辽学刊,1996,(2).
[19]吕从刚.在基本保险层次上先覆盖特殊群体[D].江西财经大学,2006.
[20]益农发展.通俗解读新农村建设[EB/OL]. (2006-02-19)[2009-04-18]. http://www.wineast.com/manage/readth.asp? ID=4928.
[21]范国庆.略论我国经济增长动力结构的调整对策[J].经济问题探索,2008,(7).
[22]张爱群,王艳.扩大消费需求,促进经济增长[J].新长征,2007,(23).
[23]马歇尔.经济学原理(上册)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1981,109-111.
[24]马克思.马克思恩格斯选集(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1975,94-102.
[25]马克思.剩余价值理论(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1975,560-524.
[26]国家统计局编.中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2008.
[27]Dardanoni and Valentino(1991):"Precautionary SavingUnder IncomeUncertainty:A Cross-Sectional Analysis". Applied Econnomics,23:153-160.
[28]国家统计局编.中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2008.
[29]张曙光.如何改变我国的收入分配模式[EB/OL]. (2009-6-11)[2009-6-15]. http://www.chinavalue.net/Article/Archive/2009/6/11/180481.html.
[30]杨威.当前我国房价快速上涨的社会原因分析[D].吉林大学,2008.
[31]温家宝.政府工作报告-2006年3月5日在第十届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上[EB/OL]. (2006-03-05)[2009-04-28]. http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2006/content_268721.htm.
[32]马克思.资本论(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1975,196-199.
[33]张松.完善最低生活保障体系的思路与对策[EB/OL]. (2006-09-30)[2009-05-06]. http://www.bjld.gov.cn/zxzx/luntan/t20060918_402241929.htm.
[34]国家统计局编.中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2006.
[2]丁元竹.换个视角看扩大内需[J].学习月刊,2006(5).
[3]袁志伟.论收入分配调整对启动居民消费需求的影响[D].天津财经大学,2007.
[4]赵振华.关于提高初次分配中劳动报酬比例的思考[J].中共中央党校学报,2007,(12).
[5]唐敏.住房消费：房价过高是屏障[J].瞭望,2000,(5).
[6]温娇秀.转轨时期我国城镇居民预防性储蓄行为研究[D].湘潭大学,2004.
[7]万广华,张茵,牛建高.流动性约束、不确定性与中国居民消费[J].经济研究,2001,(11).
[8]廖春莲.实施西部大开发以来的东、中、西部地区发展仍较大的原因分析[J].现代经济,2008,(11).
[9]胡树华,左继宏,周宏.中部经济发展现状分析[J].财政与发展,2004,(7).
[10]李燕飞,徐晓明,金浩.消费与经济增长关系的实证分析及政策选择[J].河北工业大学成人教育学院学报,2007,(2).
[11]刘晓昆.调整消费政策,促进消费增长[J].价格月刊,2003,(2).
[12]孙浩,周荣滋.消费政策浅议[J].经济师,2007,(11).
[13]李君如.树立“消费也是生产”的科学观念[J].中国报道,2009,(1).
[14]成四堂.构建新型消费观念是促进我国经济持续发展的关键[J].宿州教育学院学报,2008,(1).
[15]范梅灵,杨春光.关于目前我国社会保障制度若干问题思考[J].经济问题,2001,(10).
[16]王东进.中国特色城镇化与劳动保障——在“中国特色城镇化”论坛上的讲话[J].中国劳动,2003,(10).
[17]金小红.中国社会保障制度改革专家意见综述[J].社会保险研究.2001,(8).
[18]姜发,马小敏.关于我国社会保障问题研究综述[J].松辽学刊,1996,(2).
[19]吕从刚.在基本保险层次上先覆盖特殊群体[D].江西财经大学,2006.
[20]益农发展.通俗解读新农村建设[EB/OL]. (2006-02-19)[2009-04-18]. http://www.wineast.com/manage/readth.asp? ID=4928.
[21]范国庆.略论我国经济增长动力结构的调整对策[J].经济问题探索,2008,(7).
[22]张爱群,王艳.扩大消费需求,促进经济增长[J].新长征,2007,(23).
[23]马歇尔.经济学原理(上册)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1981,109-111.
[24]马克思.马克思恩格斯选集(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1975,94-102.
[25]马克思.剩余价值理论(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1975,560-524.
[26]国家统计局编.中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2008.
[27]Dardanoni and Valentino(1991):"Precautionary SavingUnder IncomeUncertainty:A Cross-Sectional Analysis". Applied Econnomics,23:153-160.
[28]国家统计局编.中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2008.
[29]张曙光.如何改变我国的收入分配模式[EB/OL]. (2009-6-11)[2009-6-15]. http://www.chinavalue.net/Article/Archive/2009/6/11/180481.html.
[30]杨威.当前我国房价快速上涨的社会原因分析[D].吉林大学,2008.
[31]温家宝.政府工作报告-2006年3月5日在第十届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上[EB/OL]. (2006-03-05)[2009-04-28]. http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2006/content_268721.htm.
[32]马克思.资本论(第2卷)[M].北京：人民出版社,1975,196-199.
[33]张松.完善最低生活保障体系的思路与对策[EB/OL]. (2006-09-30)[2009-05-06]. http://www.bjld.gov.cn/zxzx/luntan/t20060918_402241929.htm.
[34]国家统计局编.中国统计年鉴[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2006.