连续级配橡胶颗粒沥青路面降噪特性的研究
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摘要
交通噪声是环境噪声污染的重要来源,随着汽车工业的发展,轮胎/路面噪声在交通噪声中占主要成分的比例越来越大,已引起人们的普遍重视,研究表明选择合适的路面材料和路面结构会使该噪声显著降低。本文借鉴国内外相关研究成果,首先对连续级配大粒径橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的拌合成型工艺和路用性能进行了试验研究,在此基础上,通过振动衰减试验、路面锤击试验、重复加载试验、吸声试验,结合小波技术及有限元分析,重点研究了该类路面的降噪特性,所作主要工作和取得的成果如下:
1.橡胶颗粒掺量和油石比是影响连续级配大粒径橡胶颗粒沥青混合料物理力学性能最主要的两个因素,且橡胶颗粒掺量的影响大于油石比的影响。在拌合成型的过程中,原材料的投放顺序、成型温度、击实次数是3个最为重要的工艺因素。
2.对于连续级配大粒径橡胶颗粒沥青混合料,初步确定了其最佳的拌和成型工艺:加入沥青的拌和时间是75s,加入橡胶颗粒的拌和时间是40s,拌和温度是170℃,分两次成型,第一次成型温度为170℃,双面击实次数54次,第二次成型温度为80℃,双面击实次数26次。
3.将大粒径橡胶颗粒应用于连续级配沥青路面中是可行的,掺加橡胶颗粒后的沥青路面与普通沥青路面相比具有更好的高温稳定性和低温抗裂性,但其水稳定性要低于普通路面,且橡胶颗粒掺量越多,趋势越明显。
4.与普通沥青路面相比,橡胶颗粒沥青路面具有更好的减振和吸声性能。橡胶颗粒掺量越多,路面中集料的最大粒径和橡胶颗粒的粒径越大,路面的减振降噪性能则越好。而橡胶颗粒沥青路面的吸声性能则受到橡胶颗粒掺量和级配类型的影响,综合考虑路面的力学性能和声振性能,在合理的橡胶颗粒掺量范围内,橡胶颗粒沥青路面主要以减振降噪为主。
5.在沥青混合料路面中掺加大粒径的橡胶颗粒不但能有效降低车辆轮胎滚动时的振动强度,还可以大幅度减弱车辆在转向时振动的强度,使振动的能量由“低频”流向“中频”和“高频”。路面中橡胶颗粒的掺量、集料的最大粒径及橡胶颗粒的粒径会影响不同频带内的车辆轮胎振动的峰值加速度,因而可以通过调整该类参数避免轮胎某部分共振的发生,抑制轮胎的辐射噪声。
6.橡胶颗粒沥青路面主要是通过路面空隙进行吸声降噪的,由构造深度降噪的程度较小。当车辆轮胎在橡胶颗粒沥青路面上跳跃撞击时,路面对轮胎碰撞中心的激励强度随路面厚度的增加而降低。沿行车方向看,轮胎的下落高度对轮胎激励噪声的影响具有特殊性。固定橡胶颗粒掺量的沥青路面对轮胎应力的衰减能力是有限的,超出极限时,橡胶颗粒沥青路面会失去减振降噪的优势。
Traffic noise is an important source of the environmental noise pollution. With the development of the automobile industry, the proportion of the tire / road noise in traffic noise is larger and larger, which has been generally concerned by people. Study shows that it has significant effect on noise reduction that choosing suitable road materials and pavement structure. Drawing on relevant research results at home and abroad, this paper researches mixing process, forming process and road performance of big rubber particle’s asphalt mixture about continuous gradation. And then, noise reduction’characteristic is researched emphatically by vibration damping test of tyre, hammering vibration test of pavement, iterative load test, noise absorption test, combining wavelet technology and finite element analysis. The main work and achievements are as follows:
1. Rubber particles’content and bitumen aggregate ratio are the main two factors which effect physical and mechanical properties of big rubber particle’s asphalt mixture about continuous gradation, and rubber particles’content has more influence than bitumen aggregate ratio. In the possess of mixing and forming process, the most important technical factors are throwing order of raw materials, forming temperature and striking times.
2. For big rubber particles’asphalt mixture of continuous gradation, the best mixing and forming process is as following: the mixing time is seventy five seconds after mixing asphalt. forty seconds is used after mixing rubber particles and mixing temperature is one hundred and seventy degrees centigrade. Forming mixture is divided into twice: mixing temperature is one hundred and seventy degrees centigrade for the first time and hitting time is fifty four on every surface; the second mixing temperature is eighty degrees centigrade and hitting time is twenty six on every surface.
3. Mixing big rubber particles into continuous gradation asphalt pavement is feasible.It has better high-temperature stability and low-temperature crack resistance, has worse water stability than common bituminous pavement, and the more rubber particles mixed into pavement, the more obvious the trend becomes.
4. Rubber particles’asphalt pavement has better capability of vibration reduction and sound absorption than common asphalt pavement. The more rubber particles content, the larger the maximum aggregate size and size of rubber particles, the better pavement’s capability of vibration reduction and noise reduction. In addition, the noise absorption capability of rubber particles asphalt pavement is mainly affected by the content of rubber particles and gradation type. Comprehensive consideration, however, rubber particles asphalt pavement is based mainly vibration reduction.
5. It can effectively depress vibration strength of vehicle tyre when rolling and much more when turn around if mixing big rubber particles into asphalt pavement, making vibration energy flow from "low frequency" to“intermediate frequency "and "high frequency". Content of rubber particles, rubber particle size and maximal size of aggregate can effect vibrational peak acceleration of vehicle tyre in the different frequency bands.
6. Capability of rubber particles asphalt pavement for sound absorption reduction is primarily determinated by pavement’void, and is hardly affected by structural depth.When the vehicle tyre hits pavement skipply, activation to center of impact will falls if thickness of pavement increases. Following direction of travel, dropping height of tyre has special influence on inspiring with noise of tyre. Pavement which has fixed content of rubber particles has finite damping ability to tyre stress. Once exceeding limit of damping ability, rubber particles asphalt pavement will lose superiority of noise reduction by vibration reduction.
1.橡胶颗粒掺量和油石比是影响连续级配大粒径橡胶颗粒沥青混合料物理力学性能最主要的两个因素,且橡胶颗粒掺量的影响大于油石比的影响。在拌合成型的过程中,原材料的投放顺序、成型温度、击实次数是3个最为重要的工艺因素。
2.对于连续级配大粒径橡胶颗粒沥青混合料,初步确定了其最佳的拌和成型工艺:加入沥青的拌和时间是75s,加入橡胶颗粒的拌和时间是40s,拌和温度是170℃,分两次成型,第一次成型温度为170℃,双面击实次数54次,第二次成型温度为80℃,双面击实次数26次。
3.将大粒径橡胶颗粒应用于连续级配沥青路面中是可行的,掺加橡胶颗粒后的沥青路面与普通沥青路面相比具有更好的高温稳定性和低温抗裂性,但其水稳定性要低于普通路面,且橡胶颗粒掺量越多,趋势越明显。
4.与普通沥青路面相比,橡胶颗粒沥青路面具有更好的减振和吸声性能。橡胶颗粒掺量越多,路面中集料的最大粒径和橡胶颗粒的粒径越大,路面的减振降噪性能则越好。而橡胶颗粒沥青路面的吸声性能则受到橡胶颗粒掺量和级配类型的影响,综合考虑路面的力学性能和声振性能,在合理的橡胶颗粒掺量范围内,橡胶颗粒沥青路面主要以减振降噪为主。
5.在沥青混合料路面中掺加大粒径的橡胶颗粒不但能有效降低车辆轮胎滚动时的振动强度,还可以大幅度减弱车辆在转向时振动的强度,使振动的能量由“低频”流向“中频”和“高频”。路面中橡胶颗粒的掺量、集料的最大粒径及橡胶颗粒的粒径会影响不同频带内的车辆轮胎振动的峰值加速度,因而可以通过调整该类参数避免轮胎某部分共振的发生,抑制轮胎的辐射噪声。
6.橡胶颗粒沥青路面主要是通过路面空隙进行吸声降噪的,由构造深度降噪的程度较小。当车辆轮胎在橡胶颗粒沥青路面上跳跃撞击时,路面对轮胎碰撞中心的激励强度随路面厚度的增加而降低。沿行车方向看,轮胎的下落高度对轮胎激励噪声的影响具有特殊性。固定橡胶颗粒掺量的沥青路面对轮胎应力的衰减能力是有限的,超出极限时,橡胶颗粒沥青路面会失去减振降噪的优势。
Traffic noise is an important source of the environmental noise pollution. With the development of the automobile industry, the proportion of the tire / road noise in traffic noise is larger and larger, which has been generally concerned by people. Study shows that it has significant effect on noise reduction that choosing suitable road materials and pavement structure. Drawing on relevant research results at home and abroad, this paper researches mixing process, forming process and road performance of big rubber particle’s asphalt mixture about continuous gradation. And then, noise reduction’characteristic is researched emphatically by vibration damping test of tyre, hammering vibration test of pavement, iterative load test, noise absorption test, combining wavelet technology and finite element analysis. The main work and achievements are as follows:
1. Rubber particles’content and bitumen aggregate ratio are the main two factors which effect physical and mechanical properties of big rubber particle’s asphalt mixture about continuous gradation, and rubber particles’content has more influence than bitumen aggregate ratio. In the possess of mixing and forming process, the most important technical factors are throwing order of raw materials, forming temperature and striking times.
2. For big rubber particles’asphalt mixture of continuous gradation, the best mixing and forming process is as following: the mixing time is seventy five seconds after mixing asphalt. forty seconds is used after mixing rubber particles and mixing temperature is one hundred and seventy degrees centigrade. Forming mixture is divided into twice: mixing temperature is one hundred and seventy degrees centigrade for the first time and hitting time is fifty four on every surface; the second mixing temperature is eighty degrees centigrade and hitting time is twenty six on every surface.
3. Mixing big rubber particles into continuous gradation asphalt pavement is feasible.It has better high-temperature stability and low-temperature crack resistance, has worse water stability than common bituminous pavement, and the more rubber particles mixed into pavement, the more obvious the trend becomes.
4. Rubber particles’asphalt pavement has better capability of vibration reduction and sound absorption than common asphalt pavement. The more rubber particles content, the larger the maximum aggregate size and size of rubber particles, the better pavement’s capability of vibration reduction and noise reduction. In addition, the noise absorption capability of rubber particles asphalt pavement is mainly affected by the content of rubber particles and gradation type. Comprehensive consideration, however, rubber particles asphalt pavement is based mainly vibration reduction.
5. It can effectively depress vibration strength of vehicle tyre when rolling and much more when turn around if mixing big rubber particles into asphalt pavement, making vibration energy flow from "low frequency" to“intermediate frequency "and "high frequency". Content of rubber particles, rubber particle size and maximal size of aggregate can effect vibrational peak acceleration of vehicle tyre in the different frequency bands.
6. Capability of rubber particles asphalt pavement for sound absorption reduction is primarily determinated by pavement’void, and is hardly affected by structural depth.When the vehicle tyre hits pavement skipply, activation to center of impact will falls if thickness of pavement increases. Following direction of travel, dropping height of tyre has special influence on inspiring with noise of tyre. Pavement which has fixed content of rubber particles has finite damping ability to tyre stress. Once exceeding limit of damping ability, rubber particles asphalt pavement will lose superiority of noise reduction by vibration reduction.
引文
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