大型天线结构协同设计关键技术研究
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摘要
作为机电紧密结合的系统，大型天线涉及机械结构、高频电磁场、伺服控制、计算机、制造工艺等多学科领域的研究内容。产品研制过程中需要不同专业设计人员的充分交流、协同，从机械-电磁-控制角度综合考虑问题并优化设计，才能在较短的周期内设计出高质量的产品。为解决大型天线研制过程中存在的设计流程建模复杂、数据传递效率低、协同设计能力差等问题，本文开展了大型天线结构设计过程协同的工作流建模方法和异构系统数据协同方法的研究，主要内容如下：
(1)提出了一种基于产品结构树的动态工作流建模方法。首先，在传统的产品结构树中增加了设计流程的节点信息，建立了面向设计流程的产品结构树模型。然后，给出了面向产品设计的流程节点定义形式，引入了抽象节点和动态节点的概念，通过运行时的替换规则与动态节点细化实现设计流程建模的柔性。建立了产品结构树与设计流程模板之间的映射关系。在运行时，当产品结构树变化后，基于流程框架模板实例化算法自动生成产品设计的工作流模型实例。
(2)提出了一种面向参数的数据流建模方法。首先，给出数据参数MPara的定义，将数据参数分为基本参数和复杂参数两类，建立了两者之间的映射关系以及参数级的数据传递机制。针对产品设计过程反复迭代的特点，建立了包括节点信息与迭代信息的全息数据版本机制。其次，基于有向图构建了设计流程的参数网络模型，并建立参数与流程节点的映射关系。最后，基于参数网络模型和参数节点映射表，实现了数据流模型中节点数据端口和数据连接的自动生成。
(3)针对大型天线结构CAE分析过程中建模困难、效率低的问题，提出了一种基于特征的CAD/CAE集成建模方法。首先，建立工程分析专家的分析特征处理知识库。其次，基于分析规则为零件的CAD模型添加分析特征，通过动态配置CAD模型分析特征处理规则，由程序自动实现模型的简化降维处理和分析特征信息的提取，并在CAE环境下重构其几何模型。最后应用组合结构处理技术，确保网格划分时节点的连续性，并依次对各个分析特征进行网格自动划分，合并后得到产品的有限元网格模型。
(4)为了实现产品设计过程中数据参数的自动提取与传递，提出了一种通用文本文件数据解析的方法。基于格式描述脚本中数据块、数据行和数据参数三种语义的应用，定义出需要解析的文本文件的描述脚本，通过实现数据参数解析算法，解析程序只需读入不同的格式脚本，即可实现在统一接口程序下对不同类型文本文件的参数提取功能。
(5)设计并实现了大型天线结构设计过程的协同系统。详细描述了系统的模块结构、系统框架及流程设计，最终在该系统中实现了基于流程的设计管理。在系统中对以上方法进行了应用验证，通过15米口径S/Ka频段天线的主设计控制流建模和“反射面、背架与中心体设计”过程的数据流建模的应用，表明工作流与数据流建模方法可以动态生成工作流模型实例，有效缩短建模的时间，提高数据传递效率；通过7.3米口径S/X/Ka三频段天线案例的应用，说明CAD/CAE集成建模方法的有效性；通过对Ansys结果文件与HFSS的信息文件的格式定义与参数提取应用验证，表明了通用文本解析方法对不同文本文件参数解析能力。
As a kind of mechanical and electrical product, the large antenna developmentprocess (LADP) must utilizing collaborative design technology to integrate hundreds ofdesign links and tasks such as the structure design, electrical properties simulation,servo-control, etc., and to achieve real-time transmission of design state and data for thedemand of higher quality and shorter period. To solve the problem of the design processmodeling difficulty and the data transmission inefficiency in the LSADP, a systematicresearch is made on the collaborative design of large-scale antenna structure in thedissertation, including the dynamic workflow modeling and data integration ofheterogeneous system. The main results and originative work are as follows:
(1)Based on product structure tree (PST), a method of dynamic workflow modelingis proposed. Firstly, improving the structure of common PST, the design processinformation was attached to the node of PST. Secondly, dynamic node and abstract nodewere introduced into a workflow template for increasing the model flexibility, and thenthe refinement rules of dynamic node and substitution rules of abstract node wereproposed. Through mapping the components of PTS onto the workflow template, thecomponent instances and their affiliation used as refinement input elements, then thedynamic workflow nodes were refined.
(2)A method of data flow modeling for product design process oriented to dataparameter is proposed. In the method, the data parameter (MPara) was defined, whichwas classified as the base data parameters (BDP) and complex data parameters (CDP).The mechanism of mapping relationship between different forms documents and someBDP, and data transmission based on MPara were constructed. Aiming at thecharacteristics of iterative design process, the MPara version mechanism including nodemodification and iteration information was proposed. The MPara transmissionrelationships were represented by MPara net model (PNM) based on directed graph.Finally, through the table of MPara mapping onto the workflow node and PNM, the dataports and data links in data flow model was generated automatically by program.
(3)Research on a method of CAD/CAE integrated modeling based on feature.Firstly, the engineering analysis expert’s experience of processing analysis features wasstored in the knowledge repository. Secondly, based on the rule, analysis features wereattached to CAD model of components. Thirdly, geometry information of analysisfeatures is extracted from CAD model and is reconstructed automatically under CAEenvironment. Finally, based on feature-based meshing and combination technique, CAE model is built quickly.
(4) A method of data parse in general text document is proposed. A kind of formatdescription scripts (FDS) was proposed, which included three semantics of data block,data line and data parameter. Through implementation the data parsing algorithm, theunified program could extract parameters information from different type textdocuments only inputting the corresponding FDS.
(5) Design and implement the prototype system of LAS process collaboration. Themodule structure, system framework and flow design were described in detail.Validation in the actual engineering case of15-meter-diameter S/Ka frequency bandantenna main development process and “Reflector, Back frame and Center part design”data flow model shows that the method can effectively shorten the time of workflowand data flow modeling and improve the data transmission efficiency. The mthod ofCAD/CAE integrated modeling has been used in performance analysis of a7.3-meter-diameter S/X/Ka three frequency band antenna. The method has been provedto be useful for improving speed, accuracy and consistency of complicated structureCAE modeling notably. Two type text documents of Ansys result file and HFSSinformation file have been parsed by the data parsing program, the result shows themethod can parse data from different type text document in unified way.
(1)提出了一种基于产品结构树的动态工作流建模方法。首先，在传统的产品结构树中增加了设计流程的节点信息，建立了面向设计流程的产品结构树模型。然后，给出了面向产品设计的流程节点定义形式，引入了抽象节点和动态节点的概念，通过运行时的替换规则与动态节点细化实现设计流程建模的柔性。建立了产品结构树与设计流程模板之间的映射关系。在运行时，当产品结构树变化后，基于流程框架模板实例化算法自动生成产品设计的工作流模型实例。
(2)提出了一种面向参数的数据流建模方法。首先，给出数据参数MPara的定义，将数据参数分为基本参数和复杂参数两类，建立了两者之间的映射关系以及参数级的数据传递机制。针对产品设计过程反复迭代的特点，建立了包括节点信息与迭代信息的全息数据版本机制。其次，基于有向图构建了设计流程的参数网络模型，并建立参数与流程节点的映射关系。最后，基于参数网络模型和参数节点映射表，实现了数据流模型中节点数据端口和数据连接的自动生成。
(3)针对大型天线结构CAE分析过程中建模困难、效率低的问题，提出了一种基于特征的CAD/CAE集成建模方法。首先，建立工程分析专家的分析特征处理知识库。其次，基于分析规则为零件的CAD模型添加分析特征，通过动态配置CAD模型分析特征处理规则，由程序自动实现模型的简化降维处理和分析特征信息的提取，并在CAE环境下重构其几何模型。最后应用组合结构处理技术，确保网格划分时节点的连续性，并依次对各个分析特征进行网格自动划分，合并后得到产品的有限元网格模型。
(4)为了实现产品设计过程中数据参数的自动提取与传递，提出了一种通用文本文件数据解析的方法。基于格式描述脚本中数据块、数据行和数据参数三种语义的应用，定义出需要解析的文本文件的描述脚本，通过实现数据参数解析算法，解析程序只需读入不同的格式脚本，即可实现在统一接口程序下对不同类型文本文件的参数提取功能。
(5)设计并实现了大型天线结构设计过程的协同系统。详细描述了系统的模块结构、系统框架及流程设计，最终在该系统中实现了基于流程的设计管理。在系统中对以上方法进行了应用验证，通过15米口径S/Ka频段天线的主设计控制流建模和“反射面、背架与中心体设计”过程的数据流建模的应用，表明工作流与数据流建模方法可以动态生成工作流模型实例，有效缩短建模的时间，提高数据传递效率；通过7.3米口径S/X/Ka三频段天线案例的应用，说明CAD/CAE集成建模方法的有效性；通过对Ansys结果文件与HFSS的信息文件的格式定义与参数提取应用验证，表明了通用文本解析方法对不同文本文件参数解析能力。
As a kind of mechanical and electrical product, the large antenna developmentprocess (LADP) must utilizing collaborative design technology to integrate hundreds ofdesign links and tasks such as the structure design, electrical properties simulation,servo-control, etc., and to achieve real-time transmission of design state and data for thedemand of higher quality and shorter period. To solve the problem of the design processmodeling difficulty and the data transmission inefficiency in the LSADP, a systematicresearch is made on the collaborative design of large-scale antenna structure in thedissertation, including the dynamic workflow modeling and data integration ofheterogeneous system. The main results and originative work are as follows:
(1)Based on product structure tree (PST), a method of dynamic workflow modelingis proposed. Firstly, improving the structure of common PST, the design processinformation was attached to the node of PST. Secondly, dynamic node and abstract nodewere introduced into a workflow template for increasing the model flexibility, and thenthe refinement rules of dynamic node and substitution rules of abstract node wereproposed. Through mapping the components of PTS onto the workflow template, thecomponent instances and their affiliation used as refinement input elements, then thedynamic workflow nodes were refined.
(2)A method of data flow modeling for product design process oriented to dataparameter is proposed. In the method, the data parameter (MPara) was defined, whichwas classified as the base data parameters (BDP) and complex data parameters (CDP).The mechanism of mapping relationship between different forms documents and someBDP, and data transmission based on MPara were constructed. Aiming at thecharacteristics of iterative design process, the MPara version mechanism including nodemodification and iteration information was proposed. The MPara transmissionrelationships were represented by MPara net model (PNM) based on directed graph.Finally, through the table of MPara mapping onto the workflow node and PNM, the dataports and data links in data flow model was generated automatically by program.
(3)Research on a method of CAD/CAE integrated modeling based on feature.Firstly, the engineering analysis expert’s experience of processing analysis features wasstored in the knowledge repository. Secondly, based on the rule, analysis features wereattached to CAD model of components. Thirdly, geometry information of analysisfeatures is extracted from CAD model and is reconstructed automatically under CAEenvironment. Finally, based on feature-based meshing and combination technique, CAE model is built quickly.
(4) A method of data parse in general text document is proposed. A kind of formatdescription scripts (FDS) was proposed, which included three semantics of data block,data line and data parameter. Through implementation the data parsing algorithm, theunified program could extract parameters information from different type textdocuments only inputting the corresponding FDS.
(5) Design and implement the prototype system of LAS process collaboration. Themodule structure, system framework and flow design were described in detail.Validation in the actual engineering case of15-meter-diameter S/Ka frequency bandantenna main development process and “Reflector, Back frame and Center part design”data flow model shows that the method can effectively shorten the time of workflowand data flow modeling and improve the data transmission efficiency. The mthod ofCAD/CAE integrated modeling has been used in performance analysis of a7.3-meter-diameter S/X/Ka three frequency band antenna. The method has been provedto be useful for improving speed, accuracy and consistency of complicated structureCAE modeling notably. Two type text documents of Ansys result file and HFSSinformation file have been parsed by the data parsing program, the result shows themethod can parse data from different type text document in unified way.
引文
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