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我国煤炭资源开发环境成本计量及补偿金机制研究
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摘要
煤炭作为我国主要能源,在为当前的经济与社会发展提供基础动力的同时也严重影响了区域环境。面对煤炭矿区开发所带来的环境资源等方面的影响,以环境效益、经济效益、社会效益相统一的生态矿区新型建设发展模式取代传统模式的发展势在必行。本研究试图从煤炭资源开发生态现状分析入手,利用文献分析法选出影响煤炭矿区生态环境的主要因素,考虑到煤炭矿区资源环境的复杂性,采用规范研究与实证研究、定量研究与定性研究相结合的研究方法,将会计学、经济学、评估与计量方法等相结合,根据向量自回归模型,建立煤炭矿区生态环境成本计量模型并进行实际计算,提出煤炭资源开发生态补偿金制度的相关建议。
     本文通过对我国煤炭资源开发生态现状的分析,深入研究了煤炭矿区各领域的现实情况及存在的主要问题,提出了构建煤炭矿区生态补偿金机制的重要意义,确立了研究的主要方向。结合分析结果,通过文献分析法以及关键要素具体分析等方法最终确定了影响我国煤炭资源开发生态环境成本计量的主要因素。
     根据选取的环境成本计量要素,通过模型分析优选,根据向量自回归模型构建了煤炭矿区生态环境成本计量模型。同时,将经济学中生产力变动法、医疗费用法、成果参照法等环境成本计量方法相结合,分别建立了生态矿区煤炭资源损耗成本、环境破坏成本、绿色投入成本、环境安全成本的计量模型。根据推导的模型,结合中平能化集团香山矿区的相关数据进行了实际运算。
     根据我国煤炭矿区生态环境建设现状,提出了政府在市场补偿中的作用与任务,阐述了煤炭资源生态补偿的主体、客体及相互关系,在此基础上结合煤炭矿区生态环境成本计量研究对我国煤炭矿区生态补偿金的实施机制、运行机制、补偿方式、保障机制、管理机制、监督机制分别进行了设计,构建了我国煤炭资源开发生态补偿金机制。
As the main energy in China, coal resource provides impetus for the economicand social development yet at the same time seriously affects regional environment.Because of the influence the development of coal mines have brought about, it isimperative to replace the traditional development mode with a new construction anddevelopment mode of ecological mines which are unified in environmental,economicand social benefits. Study on ecological environment costs of coal mines and theestablishment and perfection of compensation mechanism of coal mines’ developmentwill provide foundation for the restoration of ecological mines and have importanttheoretical value and practical significance to promote the ecological environmentprotection of coal mines and ecological development of new mines.
     The study first analyzed the current situation of ecological development of coalresource, selected the main factors that affected the coal mines’ ecologicalenvironment by literature study, took into account of the complexity of resources andenvironment in coal mines, combined the research methods of normative research andempirical research, quantitative research and qualitative research, used accounting,economics, evaluation and measurement methods, established the measurement modelof coal mines’ ecological environment costs and put forward some suggestions forecological compensation mechanism of coal resource development.
     Based on the analysis of ecological status of the China's coal resourcedevelopment,this research studied the reality and major problems of the field such asthe development status of coal mine, ecological environment,ecologicalcompensation, supervision and management, put forward the significance of buildingecological compensation mechanism, and established the main research direction.Main factors that affect the measurement of eco-environmental costs of China’s coalresource development are determined after the analysis of the literature study and keyelements.
     According to the selected environmental cost factors and after analysis andoptimization of the models, the ecological environment cost measurement model ofcoal mines is established. Meanwhile some methods of environmental costmeasurement such as economics productivity change method, medical cost method,and results of reference method are used to respectively establish measurementmodels of ecological mine coal resource depletion costs, environmental damage costsgreen investment costs and environmental security costs.
     According to the current situation of the construction of ecological environmentof China’s coal mines, the subject, object and their relationship of ecologicalcompensation of coal resource are stated, implementation mechanism, operationmechanism, compensation methods, protection mechanism, management andsupervision mechanism of ecological compensation of China's coal mines arerespectively designed on the study of cost measurement of coal mine’ ecologicalenvironment and finally the ecological compensation mechanism of coal resourcedevelopment in China is established.
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