聚驱后等流度泡沫驱油提高采收率技术研究
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摘要
聚合物驱油技术是目前我国各主力油田进入开发后期提高采收率的重要方法之一,但由于受储层非均质性的影响,聚合物驱后油层中仍剩余40%-50%左右的原油未被采出,聚合物驱后如何进一步提高采收率以保证油田可持续发展是亟待解决的问题。本文提出聚驱后进行氮气泡沫驱油技术,氮气泡沫驱油是非均质油藏开发中后期提高采收率的有效途径,近年来进行了一系列室内研究和现场试验,但在泡沫渗流机理、影响因素分析以及适应性评价方面还有待深入研究,是一种处于发展阶段的三次采油技术。因此,有必要对泡沫在非均质储层中的渗流规律、聚驱后的泡沫驱油效果进行详细的研究。
论文将起泡剂的起泡性和稳定性作为评价依据,通过室内实验,对油田常用起泡剂进行了筛选,对筛选出的起泡剂性能进行了评价和影响因素分析。采用均质的物理模型研究了泡沫在多孔介质中的渗流规律,分析了气液比、渗透率、推进速度、含油饱和度等因素对氮气泡沫渗流规律的影响;利用均匀设计方法,对气液比、渗透率、推进速度三个因素对泡沫在多孔介质中阻力因子的影响进行了研究,拟合出了阻力因子和三个因素的关系公式。
论文通过模拟不同渗透率级差的非均质油层,进行了聚驱后泡沫驱的实验研究,分析了各驱替阶段高低渗透层中的产液量和压力变化规律,分析了渗透率级差对泡沫在非均质储层中流度调整的影响。通过模拟不同含油饱和度分布的非均质油层,分析了含油饱和度分布对泡沫在非均质储层中流度调整的影响。通过模拟大庆油田主力油层(变异系数0.72),进行了平行等流度多段塞的泡沫驱油实验,结果表明,在不同渗透率的储层中先注入相匹配的粘度段塞,对随后的注入的泡沫可以有效地防止在高渗层中的气窜,可以更有效的调整非均质储层中的流度差异。
论文应用核磁共振方法研究了不同驱替过程、不同非均质条件下水驱、聚合物驱和泡沫驱的驱出油的孔径范围,分析了不同驱替阶段流体在孔径中分布,确定了聚合物驱后剩余油分布孔径范围。
Polymer flooding has been an important enhanced oil recovery method adopted at the later stage of oilfield development in China. However, due to the effect of reservoir heterogeneity, there is still about 40%-50% remaining oil kept in oil-bearing formation after polymer flooding, and how to further enhance recovery factor after polymer flooding and keep the oil-field sustained development has become the focus of research at present. This paper develops the technology of nitrogen foam flooding after polymer, and nitrogen foam flooding technology of is an effective improved oil recovery method for heterogeneous reservior at the later stage of development, and a series of studies and field experiments has been done in recent years. But it is at development stage and needs deep study in mechanisms of foam flow in porous media, influential factor and applicability. Wherefore, it is very necessary to further study the foam flow in heterogeneous reservoir and the effect of foam flooding after polymer flooding.
Based on foamer’s foaming ability and stability, through laboratory experiment, several foamers used in oil field were evaluated through experiment, and affecting factors of foaming ability and stability is analysed. Through homogeneous physical model, the effects of gas-liquid ratio, permeability, injection rate and oil saturation on nitrogen foam flow law in porous media were studied systematically.Using uniform design, the effects of gas-liquid ratio, permeability, injection rate on resistance factor are studied comprehensively and the relationship of resistance factor is established.
Through simulating heterogeneous reservoir with different permeability contrast, the displacement process of foam flooding after polymer flooding is experimental studied, and the effect on mobility regulatory of foam in heterogeneous reservoir caused by permeability contrast is analysed. Through simulating heterogeneous reservoir with oil saturation distribution, the effect on mobility regulatory of foam in heterogeneous reservoir caused by oil saturation distribution is analysed. Through simulating major reservoir of Daqing oilfield, the displacement process of multislug foam flooding is experimental studied, and the result indicates that injecting advancely accordant viscosity slug can effectively resist gas breakthrough in high permeability zone,and can more effectively adjust mobility contrast of foam in heterogeneous reservoir.
With the nuclear magnetic resonance technology, the paper researches the distribution area of bore diameter in which oil is sweepouted of polymer flooding and foam flooding under different processes and various heterogeneity conditions.
论文将起泡剂的起泡性和稳定性作为评价依据,通过室内实验,对油田常用起泡剂进行了筛选,对筛选出的起泡剂性能进行了评价和影响因素分析。采用均质的物理模型研究了泡沫在多孔介质中的渗流规律,分析了气液比、渗透率、推进速度、含油饱和度等因素对氮气泡沫渗流规律的影响;利用均匀设计方法,对气液比、渗透率、推进速度三个因素对泡沫在多孔介质中阻力因子的影响进行了研究,拟合出了阻力因子和三个因素的关系公式。
论文通过模拟不同渗透率级差的非均质油层,进行了聚驱后泡沫驱的实验研究,分析了各驱替阶段高低渗透层中的产液量和压力变化规律,分析了渗透率级差对泡沫在非均质储层中流度调整的影响。通过模拟不同含油饱和度分布的非均质油层,分析了含油饱和度分布对泡沫在非均质储层中流度调整的影响。通过模拟大庆油田主力油层(变异系数0.72),进行了平行等流度多段塞的泡沫驱油实验,结果表明,在不同渗透率的储层中先注入相匹配的粘度段塞,对随后的注入的泡沫可以有效地防止在高渗层中的气窜,可以更有效的调整非均质储层中的流度差异。
论文应用核磁共振方法研究了不同驱替过程、不同非均质条件下水驱、聚合物驱和泡沫驱的驱出油的孔径范围,分析了不同驱替阶段流体在孔径中分布,确定了聚合物驱后剩余油分布孔径范围。
Polymer flooding has been an important enhanced oil recovery method adopted at the later stage of oilfield development in China. However, due to the effect of reservoir heterogeneity, there is still about 40%-50% remaining oil kept in oil-bearing formation after polymer flooding, and how to further enhance recovery factor after polymer flooding and keep the oil-field sustained development has become the focus of research at present. This paper develops the technology of nitrogen foam flooding after polymer, and nitrogen foam flooding technology of is an effective improved oil recovery method for heterogeneous reservior at the later stage of development, and a series of studies and field experiments has been done in recent years. But it is at development stage and needs deep study in mechanisms of foam flow in porous media, influential factor and applicability. Wherefore, it is very necessary to further study the foam flow in heterogeneous reservoir and the effect of foam flooding after polymer flooding.
Based on foamer’s foaming ability and stability, through laboratory experiment, several foamers used in oil field were evaluated through experiment, and affecting factors of foaming ability and stability is analysed. Through homogeneous physical model, the effects of gas-liquid ratio, permeability, injection rate and oil saturation on nitrogen foam flow law in porous media were studied systematically.Using uniform design, the effects of gas-liquid ratio, permeability, injection rate on resistance factor are studied comprehensively and the relationship of resistance factor is established.
Through simulating heterogeneous reservoir with different permeability contrast, the displacement process of foam flooding after polymer flooding is experimental studied, and the effect on mobility regulatory of foam in heterogeneous reservoir caused by permeability contrast is analysed. Through simulating heterogeneous reservoir with oil saturation distribution, the effect on mobility regulatory of foam in heterogeneous reservoir caused by oil saturation distribution is analysed. Through simulating major reservoir of Daqing oilfield, the displacement process of multislug foam flooding is experimental studied, and the result indicates that injecting advancely accordant viscosity slug can effectively resist gas breakthrough in high permeability zone,and can more effectively adjust mobility contrast of foam in heterogeneous reservoir.
With the nuclear magnetic resonance technology, the paper researches the distribution area of bore diameter in which oil is sweepouted of polymer flooding and foam flooding under different processes and various heterogeneity conditions.
引文
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