化学预氧化—生化处理油田含聚丙烯酰胺污水研究
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摘要
聚合物驱油在提高原油采收率的同时也产生了大量含聚污水，现有污水处理工艺难以对含聚污水进行有效处理。生物处理工艺由于成本较低且处理较彻底，近年来已应用于含油污水处理领域。但含聚污水中大量聚丙烯酰胺的存在导致其可生化性差，直接采用生物处理难度较大。Fenton氧化作为提高污水可生化性的有效手段，具有操作简单、费用较低、处理效率高的优点。因此，本论文采用Fenton预氧化——生化联合处理工艺，研究了其对含聚污水的处理效果。
从含聚污水中筛选出6株同时降解聚丙烯酰胺与原油的功能降解菌，对菌株降解含聚污水的效果进行评价，优化了其营养及降解条件，并探讨了其降解聚丙烯酰胺、原油的特性；通过添加功能降解菌提高活性污泥的活性应用于含聚污水降解处理，利用Fenton氧化提高含聚污水的可生化性；在优化条件的基础上，对含聚污水进行Fenton预氧化——生化处理小试实验，得出以下结论：
1）从含聚污水中筛选分离出6株降解菌，分别为Bacillus sp. PAM~(-1)、Bacillussp. PAM-2、Ochrobactrum sp. PAM-3、Acinetobacter sp. PAM-4、Bacillus sp.PAM-5、Bacillus sp. PAM-6。混合菌具有协同作用，对聚丙烯酰胺、原油的降解率分别可达46.1%、47.5%，明显高于单株菌。混合菌在pH5~9、温度30~45℃、盐度5~12.5g·L~(-1)、氧含量4~6mg·L~(-1)条件下对聚丙烯酰胺、原油具有较高的去除率。微量的Fe~(3+)和Mn~(2+)（浓度≤0.01g·L~(-1)）可促进微生物的生长代谢。
2）考察了原油与聚丙烯酰胺共存对各自生物降解的影响。结果表明，在各自较低含量范围内（原油0~5g·L~(-1)，聚丙烯酰胺0~1g·L~(-1)），聚丙烯酰胺与原油的共存可促进各自被生物利用的效率；考察了聚丙烯酰胺与原油共存对各自Fenton氧化去除的影响。结果表明，原油的存在降低了聚丙烯酰胺的氧化去除效率，但在其含量较低时（0~600mg·L~(-1)）对聚丙烯酰胺的去除影响不大；而聚丙烯酰胺在较低含量时（0~500mg·L~(-1)）对原油的氧化去除有促进作用。
3）在H_2O_215mL·L~(-1)、FeSO_4·7H_2O700mg·L~(-1)、pH5.0、温度30℃、反应时间1h条件下，Fenton氧化对含聚污水的COD、聚丙烯酰胺、原油的去除率可分别达到61.5%、74.0%、47.2%，对悬浮物的去除效率在80%以上，对硫酸盐还原菌的去除率可达98%以上，且可生化性改善明显（BOD_5/COD提高至0.4）。在Fenton氧化反应结束处理后残余的H_2O_2不仅不会抑制细菌生长，反而促进其对有机物的降解。Fenton预氧化——生化联合工艺对COD、聚丙烯酰胺及原油的去除效率分别可达84.7%、92.1%和83.1%。
4）混合菌对聚丙烯酰胺的降解过程符合一级动力学模型。利用生物降解前后聚丙烯酰胺的红外光谱及飞行时间质谱推测的生物降解后的产物片段结合对混合菌对聚丙烯酰胺生物降解特性，并在已有文献的基础上，推断了在有氧条件下聚丙烯酰胺的生物降解机理。初步认为，混合菌通过生物催化类Fenton反应将聚丙烯酰胺分解为可被其利用的小分子片段作为碳源，利用酰胺水解酶水解聚丙烯酰胺的酰胺基获得可被其利用的氮源，进而促进微生物自身的生长。不同处理后的聚丙烯酰胺样品的扫描电镜、红外光谱及飞行时间质谱分析结果表明，Fenton氧化对聚丙烯酰胺的降解比生物降解更为彻底，降解后的小分子产物生物毒性降低，被微生物利用率提高。
利用GC-FID及GC-MS对混合菌降解原油的特性进行分析。结果表明，混合菌对原油中的芳烃利用率高于烷烃，且对不同烃利用呈现不同特点。对不同处理后原油样品进行的GC-FID及GC-MS分析结果表明，聚丙烯酰胺的存在提高了生物降解、Fenton氧化以及Fenton预氧化——生化对原油的去除效率。
5）对从城市污水处理厂取得的好氧污泥在模拟含聚污水中驯化，添加功能降解混合菌群来提高污泥对模拟含聚污水的处理效率。结果表明，功能降解菌添加后的活性污泥对COD去除率提高了30%。
在连续进水中，考察水解酸化——生物接触氧化对含聚污水的处理，并对进水条件进行了优化。结果表明，进水pH7.0、水力停留时间72h、进水温度30~40℃时生化反应器对含聚污水具有较高的处理效率。反应器稳定运行后对含聚污水COD、聚丙烯酰胺及原油的去除率最高分别可达67.6%、63.7%、58.7%，悬浮物的含量稳定在15~30mg·L~(-1)，硫酸盐还原菌含量降至102cell·L~(-1)。
6）对胜利油田含聚水样进行了Fenton预氧化——生化处理小试实验。结果表明，Fenton预氧化——生化处理对COD、聚丙烯酰胺及原油的去除率分别可达94%、93%、95%，悬浮物与硫酸盐还原菌去除率分别可达90%、99%。采用絮凝处理进一步降低各指标值，絮凝处理后，COD稳定在20mg·L~(-1)左右，聚丙烯酰胺含量低于5mg·L~(-1)，原油含量低于2.5mg·L~(-1)，悬浮物含量低于5mg·L~(-1)，各指标可满足回注或外排的需求。
采用Fenton预氧化——生化——絮凝对大庆油田含聚污水水样进行处理小试实验。结果表明，COD、聚丙烯酰胺的去除率分别可达97%、98%，可满足DB37/676-2007二级标准；原油去除率可达98%，可满足SY/T5329-94A1级标准及DB37/676-2007一级标准；悬浮物去除率可达97%，可满足SY/T5329-94B级标准；硫酸盐还原菌去除率可达99%，可满足SY/T5329-94最低标准。
Followed by enhancing oil recovery, Polymer flooding also produced large amoutof oil wastewater containing partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). Theexisting wastewater treatment technology in oilfeild can not effectively deal with thiskind of oil wastewater. The biological treatment process, due to its lower-cost andmore thoroughly treatment has been used in the field of oil wastewater treatment.However, large amount of HPAM existing in this oil wastewater leads to its poorbiodegradability, which makes trouble in its biological processing. Fenton oxidationpretreatment is an effective way to improve the biodegradability of oil wastewatercontaining HPAM, with the advantage of simple operation, low cost and hightreatment efficiency. Therefore, Fenton pre-oxidation&biochemical treatment wasattempted to be used to deal with this kind of oil wastewater in this paper.
6bacteria were isolated from oil wastewater containing HPAM, who canbiodegrade both HPAM and crude oil. The evaluation of the degradation effect of oilwastewater containing HPAM by the6strains was done, the nutrition and degradationconditions of the6complex strains were optimized, and the characteristics ofpolyacrylamide and crude oil biodegradation by the6complex strains wereinvestigated. In order to enhance the activity of activated sludge, the6complex strainswere added to the activated sludge system, and Fenton oxidation was applied toimprove the biodegradability of the wastewater. The Fenton oxidation combined withbiochemical treatment of the wastewater was carred out in small scale experimentsbased on the optimal treatment conditions. All the conclusions were as follows:
1)6fuction degradation bacteria were screening from the wastewater containingHPAM. The6bacteria were Bacillus sp. PAM, Bacillus sp. PAM-2, Ochrobactrum sp.PAM-3, Acinetobacter sp. PAM-4, Bacillus sp. PAM-5and Bacillus sp. PAM-6. The6complex bacteria had a synergistic effect on the degradation of both HPAM andcrude oil. The biodegradation efficiencies of HPAM and crude oil were higher than asingle strain, which were up to46.1%and47.5%. The6complex bacteria werecultivatied well and had higher HPAM and crude oil removal efficiencies under theconditions of pH of5-9, temperature of30-45℃, salinity of5~(-1)2.5g·L~(-1). Smallamount of Fe~(3+)and Mn~(2+)(≤0.01g·L~(-1)) can promote microbial growth and metabolism in wastewater biodegradtion.
2) The effect of coexistence of crude oil and HPAM on HPAM/crude oilbiodegradation was exploared. The results showed that the coexistence of crude oilcan promote the two substances biodegradation, respectively, in their lower contentrange (0~5g·L~(-1)crude oil,0~1g·L~(-1)HPAM). The effect of coexistence of crude oiland HPAM on Fenton oxidation of HPAM or crude oil was also explored. The resultsshowed that the presence of crude oil reduced the oxidation removal efficiency ofHPAM, however, in the lower content range (0~600mg·L~(-1)), this effect was slight.While, the presence of HPAM in the lower content range (0~500mg·L~(-1)) couldpromote the oxidation removal of crude oil.
3) The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), HPAM and crude oil inoil wastewater containing HPAM by Fenton oxidation can be up to61.5%,74.0%and47.2%, under the Fenton oxidation conditions of H_2O_2of15mL·L~(-1)、FeSO_4·7H_2O of700mg·L~(-1), pH of5.0, temperature of30℃and reaction time of1h. More than80%of suspended solids (SS) and98%sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in thewastewater were also removed during this process. After Fenton oxidation treatment,the biodegradbality of the wastewater was improved obviously (the value of BOD_5/COD was up to0.4). The residual H_2O_2after the Fenton oxidation treatment not onlydid not inhibit bacterial growth, but also promoted the biodegradation of the organicmatter in the wastewater. After Fenton pre-oxidation and biodegradation coupledtreatment, the removal efficiencies of COD, polyacrylamide and crude oil inwastewater were up to84.7%,92.1%and83.1%, respectively.
4) A first-order reaction dynamic model could be used to describe thebodegradation characteristics of HPAM by the complex strains. The mechanism ofHPAM biodegradation under aerobic condition was preliminarily proposed based onthe results of HPAM infrared spectra and time-off-light mass (TOF-MS) spectrabefore and after bodegradation, the characteristics of HPAM bodegradation by thecomplex strains and others’ research results. The complex bacteria ultilzed the smallmolecules fragments as carbon sources, which obtained from HPAM biologicalcatalysis degradation (Fenton-like process), the amino-group as nitrogen source,which obtained from HPAM hydrolysis by amidohydrolase. These obtained cabornand nitrogen sources maintained the microbe growth. The HPAM samples by differenttreatment were analysed by scanning electron microscope, IR spectrometry and TOF-MS spectrometry. It showed that HPAM was degraded more thoroughly by Fenton oxidation than that by biodegradation. After Fenton oxidation, HPAM transformed tosmall molecule products, which were lower biotoxicity lead to improve the utilizationeffiency by these microorganisms.
The characteristics of crude oil biodegradtion by the complex strains wereexplored via GC-FID and GC-MS ananysis. The results showed that the complexbacteria prefered to utilized aromatics, other than alkanes. The utilization of differenthydrocarbons by the bacteria presented different characteristics. The GC-FID andGC-MS analysis results of crude oil samples by different treatments showed that theexistence of HPAM improved the crude oil removal efficiency in biodegradation,Fenton oxidation and Fenton preoxidation&biochemical processes.
5) The actived sludge, which obtained was domesticated in oil wastewatercontaining HPAM from municipal sewage plant. The6complex strains were added tothe activated sludge to enhance the activity of activated sludge. After domestication,the COD removal efficiency of actived sludge adding the complex bacteria wasincreased by30%than that of the common activated sludge.
In the continuous feed water conditions, the wastewater was treated by hydrolyticacidification-biological contact oxidation processes, and the water flow conditionswere optimized. The results showed that the removal rates of COD, HPAM and crudeoil in oil wastewater containing HPAM by hydrolytic acidification-biological contactoxidation processes can be up to67.6%,63.7%and58.7%, under the water flowconditions of pH of7.0, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of72h, and temperature30~40℃. The SS content maintained15~30mg·L~(-1), SRB content dropped to102cell·L~(-1)during this process.
6) The Fenton pre-oxidation combined with biochemical treatment of the oilwastewater sample containing HPAM sampling from Shengli Oilfeild was carred outin small scale experiments. It showed that the removal rate of COD, HPAM and crudeoil was up to94%,93%and95%, respectively. The removal rates of SS and SRBcould reach90%and99%. Flocculation treatment was also carried out to furtherreduce the content of pollutants. After flocculation treatment, COD mantained about20mg·L~(-1), the HPAM content was less than5mg·L~(-1), the content of crude oil was lessthan2.5mg·L~(-1), and the SS content was less than5mg·L~(-1), which could meet there-injection or efflux demand.
The Fenton pre-oxidation&bio-treatment coupled with flocculation treatment ofthe oil wastewater sample containing HPAM sampling from Daqing Oilfeild was also carred out in small scale experiments. After treatment, the removal rate of COD andHPAM reached97%and98%, which met the secondary standards of DB37/676-2007.The crude oil removal rate of was up to98%, which met the A1-class of SY/T5329-94and the primary standards of DB37/676-2007. The SS removal efficiency of was up to97%, which meet the B class of SY/T5329-94. The SRB removal efficiency was up to99%, which can meet the minimum standards of SY/T5329-94.
从含聚污水中筛选出6株同时降解聚丙烯酰胺与原油的功能降解菌，对菌株降解含聚污水的效果进行评价，优化了其营养及降解条件，并探讨了其降解聚丙烯酰胺、原油的特性；通过添加功能降解菌提高活性污泥的活性应用于含聚污水降解处理，利用Fenton氧化提高含聚污水的可生化性；在优化条件的基础上，对含聚污水进行Fenton预氧化——生化处理小试实验，得出以下结论：
1）从含聚污水中筛选分离出6株降解菌，分别为Bacillus sp. PAM~(-1)、Bacillussp. PAM-2、Ochrobactrum sp. PAM-3、Acinetobacter sp. PAM-4、Bacillus sp.PAM-5、Bacillus sp. PAM-6。混合菌具有协同作用，对聚丙烯酰胺、原油的降解率分别可达46.1%、47.5%，明显高于单株菌。混合菌在pH5~9、温度30~45℃、盐度5~12.5g·L~(-1)、氧含量4~6mg·L~(-1)条件下对聚丙烯酰胺、原油具有较高的去除率。微量的Fe~(3+)和Mn~(2+)（浓度≤0.01g·L~(-1)）可促进微生物的生长代谢。
2）考察了原油与聚丙烯酰胺共存对各自生物降解的影响。结果表明，在各自较低含量范围内（原油0~5g·L~(-1)，聚丙烯酰胺0~1g·L~(-1)），聚丙烯酰胺与原油的共存可促进各自被生物利用的效率；考察了聚丙烯酰胺与原油共存对各自Fenton氧化去除的影响。结果表明，原油的存在降低了聚丙烯酰胺的氧化去除效率，但在其含量较低时（0~600mg·L~(-1)）对聚丙烯酰胺的去除影响不大；而聚丙烯酰胺在较低含量时（0~500mg·L~(-1)）对原油的氧化去除有促进作用。
3）在H_2O_215mL·L~(-1)、FeSO_4·7H_2O700mg·L~(-1)、pH5.0、温度30℃、反应时间1h条件下，Fenton氧化对含聚污水的COD、聚丙烯酰胺、原油的去除率可分别达到61.5%、74.0%、47.2%，对悬浮物的去除效率在80%以上，对硫酸盐还原菌的去除率可达98%以上，且可生化性改善明显（BOD_5/COD提高至0.4）。在Fenton氧化反应结束处理后残余的H_2O_2不仅不会抑制细菌生长，反而促进其对有机物的降解。Fenton预氧化——生化联合工艺对COD、聚丙烯酰胺及原油的去除效率分别可达84.7%、92.1%和83.1%。
4）混合菌对聚丙烯酰胺的降解过程符合一级动力学模型。利用生物降解前后聚丙烯酰胺的红外光谱及飞行时间质谱推测的生物降解后的产物片段结合对混合菌对聚丙烯酰胺生物降解特性，并在已有文献的基础上，推断了在有氧条件下聚丙烯酰胺的生物降解机理。初步认为，混合菌通过生物催化类Fenton反应将聚丙烯酰胺分解为可被其利用的小分子片段作为碳源，利用酰胺水解酶水解聚丙烯酰胺的酰胺基获得可被其利用的氮源，进而促进微生物自身的生长。不同处理后的聚丙烯酰胺样品的扫描电镜、红外光谱及飞行时间质谱分析结果表明，Fenton氧化对聚丙烯酰胺的降解比生物降解更为彻底，降解后的小分子产物生物毒性降低，被微生物利用率提高。
利用GC-FID及GC-MS对混合菌降解原油的特性进行分析。结果表明，混合菌对原油中的芳烃利用率高于烷烃，且对不同烃利用呈现不同特点。对不同处理后原油样品进行的GC-FID及GC-MS分析结果表明，聚丙烯酰胺的存在提高了生物降解、Fenton氧化以及Fenton预氧化——生化对原油的去除效率。
5）对从城市污水处理厂取得的好氧污泥在模拟含聚污水中驯化，添加功能降解混合菌群来提高污泥对模拟含聚污水的处理效率。结果表明，功能降解菌添加后的活性污泥对COD去除率提高了30%。
在连续进水中，考察水解酸化——生物接触氧化对含聚污水的处理，并对进水条件进行了优化。结果表明，进水pH7.0、水力停留时间72h、进水温度30~40℃时生化反应器对含聚污水具有较高的处理效率。反应器稳定运行后对含聚污水COD、聚丙烯酰胺及原油的去除率最高分别可达67.6%、63.7%、58.7%，悬浮物的含量稳定在15~30mg·L~(-1)，硫酸盐还原菌含量降至102cell·L~(-1)。
6）对胜利油田含聚水样进行了Fenton预氧化——生化处理小试实验。结果表明，Fenton预氧化——生化处理对COD、聚丙烯酰胺及原油的去除率分别可达94%、93%、95%，悬浮物与硫酸盐还原菌去除率分别可达90%、99%。采用絮凝处理进一步降低各指标值，絮凝处理后，COD稳定在20mg·L~(-1)左右，聚丙烯酰胺含量低于5mg·L~(-1)，原油含量低于2.5mg·L~(-1)，悬浮物含量低于5mg·L~(-1)，各指标可满足回注或外排的需求。
采用Fenton预氧化——生化——絮凝对大庆油田含聚污水水样进行处理小试实验。结果表明，COD、聚丙烯酰胺的去除率分别可达97%、98%，可满足DB37/676-2007二级标准；原油去除率可达98%，可满足SY/T5329-94A1级标准及DB37/676-2007一级标准；悬浮物去除率可达97%，可满足SY/T5329-94B级标准；硫酸盐还原菌去除率可达99%，可满足SY/T5329-94最低标准。
Followed by enhancing oil recovery, Polymer flooding also produced large amoutof oil wastewater containing partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). Theexisting wastewater treatment technology in oilfeild can not effectively deal with thiskind of oil wastewater. The biological treatment process, due to its lower-cost andmore thoroughly treatment has been used in the field of oil wastewater treatment.However, large amount of HPAM existing in this oil wastewater leads to its poorbiodegradability, which makes trouble in its biological processing. Fenton oxidationpretreatment is an effective way to improve the biodegradability of oil wastewatercontaining HPAM, with the advantage of simple operation, low cost and hightreatment efficiency. Therefore, Fenton pre-oxidation&biochemical treatment wasattempted to be used to deal with this kind of oil wastewater in this paper.
6bacteria were isolated from oil wastewater containing HPAM, who canbiodegrade both HPAM and crude oil. The evaluation of the degradation effect of oilwastewater containing HPAM by the6strains was done, the nutrition and degradationconditions of the6complex strains were optimized, and the characteristics ofpolyacrylamide and crude oil biodegradation by the6complex strains wereinvestigated. In order to enhance the activity of activated sludge, the6complex strainswere added to the activated sludge system, and Fenton oxidation was applied toimprove the biodegradability of the wastewater. The Fenton oxidation combined withbiochemical treatment of the wastewater was carred out in small scale experimentsbased on the optimal treatment conditions. All the conclusions were as follows:
1)6fuction degradation bacteria were screening from the wastewater containingHPAM. The6bacteria were Bacillus sp. PAM, Bacillus sp. PAM-2, Ochrobactrum sp.PAM-3, Acinetobacter sp. PAM-4, Bacillus sp. PAM-5and Bacillus sp. PAM-6. The6complex bacteria had a synergistic effect on the degradation of both HPAM andcrude oil. The biodegradation efficiencies of HPAM and crude oil were higher than asingle strain, which were up to46.1%and47.5%. The6complex bacteria werecultivatied well and had higher HPAM and crude oil removal efficiencies under theconditions of pH of5-9, temperature of30-45℃, salinity of5~(-1)2.5g·L~(-1). Smallamount of Fe~(3+)and Mn~(2+)(≤0.01g·L~(-1)) can promote microbial growth and metabolism in wastewater biodegradtion.
2) The effect of coexistence of crude oil and HPAM on HPAM/crude oilbiodegradation was exploared. The results showed that the coexistence of crude oilcan promote the two substances biodegradation, respectively, in their lower contentrange (0~5g·L~(-1)crude oil,0~1g·L~(-1)HPAM). The effect of coexistence of crude oiland HPAM on Fenton oxidation of HPAM or crude oil was also explored. The resultsshowed that the presence of crude oil reduced the oxidation removal efficiency ofHPAM, however, in the lower content range (0~600mg·L~(-1)), this effect was slight.While, the presence of HPAM in the lower content range (0~500mg·L~(-1)) couldpromote the oxidation removal of crude oil.
3) The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), HPAM and crude oil inoil wastewater containing HPAM by Fenton oxidation can be up to61.5%,74.0%and47.2%, under the Fenton oxidation conditions of H_2O_2of15mL·L~(-1)、FeSO_4·7H_2O of700mg·L~(-1), pH of5.0, temperature of30℃and reaction time of1h. More than80%of suspended solids (SS) and98%sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in thewastewater were also removed during this process. After Fenton oxidation treatment,the biodegradbality of the wastewater was improved obviously (the value of BOD_5/COD was up to0.4). The residual H_2O_2after the Fenton oxidation treatment not onlydid not inhibit bacterial growth, but also promoted the biodegradation of the organicmatter in the wastewater. After Fenton pre-oxidation and biodegradation coupledtreatment, the removal efficiencies of COD, polyacrylamide and crude oil inwastewater were up to84.7%,92.1%and83.1%, respectively.
4) A first-order reaction dynamic model could be used to describe thebodegradation characteristics of HPAM by the complex strains. The mechanism ofHPAM biodegradation under aerobic condition was preliminarily proposed based onthe results of HPAM infrared spectra and time-off-light mass (TOF-MS) spectrabefore and after bodegradation, the characteristics of HPAM bodegradation by thecomplex strains and others’ research results. The complex bacteria ultilzed the smallmolecules fragments as carbon sources, which obtained from HPAM biologicalcatalysis degradation (Fenton-like process), the amino-group as nitrogen source,which obtained from HPAM hydrolysis by amidohydrolase. These obtained cabornand nitrogen sources maintained the microbe growth. The HPAM samples by differenttreatment were analysed by scanning electron microscope, IR spectrometry and TOF-MS spectrometry. It showed that HPAM was degraded more thoroughly by Fenton oxidation than that by biodegradation. After Fenton oxidation, HPAM transformed tosmall molecule products, which were lower biotoxicity lead to improve the utilizationeffiency by these microorganisms.
The characteristics of crude oil biodegradtion by the complex strains wereexplored via GC-FID and GC-MS ananysis. The results showed that the complexbacteria prefered to utilized aromatics, other than alkanes. The utilization of differenthydrocarbons by the bacteria presented different characteristics. The GC-FID andGC-MS analysis results of crude oil samples by different treatments showed that theexistence of HPAM improved the crude oil removal efficiency in biodegradation,Fenton oxidation and Fenton preoxidation&biochemical processes.
5) The actived sludge, which obtained was domesticated in oil wastewatercontaining HPAM from municipal sewage plant. The6complex strains were added tothe activated sludge to enhance the activity of activated sludge. After domestication,the COD removal efficiency of actived sludge adding the complex bacteria wasincreased by30%than that of the common activated sludge.
In the continuous feed water conditions, the wastewater was treated by hydrolyticacidification-biological contact oxidation processes, and the water flow conditionswere optimized. The results showed that the removal rates of COD, HPAM and crudeoil in oil wastewater containing HPAM by hydrolytic acidification-biological contactoxidation processes can be up to67.6%,63.7%and58.7%, under the water flowconditions of pH of7.0, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of72h, and temperature30~40℃. The SS content maintained15~30mg·L~(-1), SRB content dropped to102cell·L~(-1)during this process.
6) The Fenton pre-oxidation combined with biochemical treatment of the oilwastewater sample containing HPAM sampling from Shengli Oilfeild was carred outin small scale experiments. It showed that the removal rate of COD, HPAM and crudeoil was up to94%,93%and95%, respectively. The removal rates of SS and SRBcould reach90%and99%. Flocculation treatment was also carried out to furtherreduce the content of pollutants. After flocculation treatment, COD mantained about20mg·L~(-1), the HPAM content was less than5mg·L~(-1), the content of crude oil was lessthan2.5mg·L~(-1), and the SS content was less than5mg·L~(-1), which could meet there-injection or efflux demand.
The Fenton pre-oxidation&bio-treatment coupled with flocculation treatment ofthe oil wastewater sample containing HPAM sampling from Daqing Oilfeild was also carred out in small scale experiments. After treatment, the removal rate of COD andHPAM reached97%and98%, which met the secondary standards of DB37/676-2007.The crude oil removal rate of was up to98%, which met the A1-class of SY/T5329-94and the primary standards of DB37/676-2007. The SS removal efficiency of was up to97%, which meet the B class of SY/T5329-94. The SRB removal efficiency was up to99%, which can meet the minimum standards of SY/T5329-94.
引文
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