水肥条件对木瓜杏影响的研究
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摘要
木瓜杏树的栽培历史较短,目前尚未对其生理生态基础以及培育技术进行研究。本文通过研究水肥处理对仁用杏新品种木瓜杏几个生长及生理指标的影响以及木瓜杏叶片矿质元素的动态变化,为木瓜杏栽培管理、科学施肥、营养诊断等方面提供理论依据。
研究采用盆栽和大田试验相结合的方法进行。盆栽试验以仁用杏品种中一年生木瓜杏树苗为试验材料;大田试验中以10年生及20年生木瓜杏树为试验材料,研究水分、肥料以及二者之间的共同作用对木瓜杏几种生长指标及生理指标的影响;矿质元素动态变化研究以13年生木瓜杏树为试材,采用电感耦合方法测定其叶片生长发育期间Ca、P、K、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Al元素的含量变化。
试验得出以下结果:(1)盆栽试验发现,木瓜杏具有较高的抗旱性;木瓜杏树的生长指标随水分及肥力水平的提高而逐渐升高,适量的施肥可以在干旱胁迫下有效地促进木瓜杏的生长;木瓜杏苗木在干旱胁迫条件下脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量升高,减少干旱对木瓜杏植株的影响;适当的施肥可以缓解干旱胁迫对木瓜杏植株的影响。(2)大田试验发现,对木瓜杏树进行浇水施肥或采用保水处理可以有效地促进木瓜杏树的生长并提高树体的抗旱性,同时可以提高结果枝营养储备,利于木瓜杏树的开花结果;二次浇水与一次浇水之间对木瓜杏当年生长指标的影响并不显著,但在果实生长的关键时期进行浇水可以有效缓解木瓜杏树的干旱胁迫,利于果实生长;树冠喷肥对木瓜杏树生长指标促进作用较为明显,对生理指标的影响在短期内较为显著。(3)对木瓜杏树叶片矿质元素的研究中发现,木瓜杏叶片中Ca与Mg元素,Cu、Zn与P元素,Fe与Al元素的含量呈现出相似的变化规律,K、Mn元素含量的变化趋势各异。木瓜杏叶片中的各种矿质元素之间存在着协同和拮抗的动态平衡作用过程。7月中旬是适合叶分析营养诊断的适宜时期。
This paper analyzes the effect of water and fertilizer treatments to the growth indexes and physiological indexes of‘mugua’almond-apricot, the development and the relativity of the content of mineral nutritious elements in‘mugua’almond-apricot leaves. And the research hope to provide theoretical basis for cultivation and management, scientific fertilization and nutrient diagnosis. Pot experiment was conducted with the 1-year-old‘mugua’almond-apricot, and field test was conducted with the 10-year-old and 20-year-old‘mugua’almond-apricot. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of water and fertilizer treatments and the interaction to the growth and physiological indexes of‘mugua’almond-apricot. Mineral nutrition experiment was conducted with the 13-year-old‘mugua’almond-apricot. Method ICP-OES was selected to determine the content of the mineral nutrition (Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Al) in leaves of‘mugua’almond-apricot.
The results of pot experiment were as follows: It was indicated from the research that the of‘mugua’almond-apricot possess strong drought resistance. The results indicate that all increased with the increase of water and fertilization levels. And application of fertilizers with limited amounts could effectively promote growth of‘mugua’under drought stress. Proline content and soluble sugar content increased with the decrease of water level and the increase of the fertilization levels. And the result showed that the effect of drought stress on the plant could be alleviated effectively with rational application of fertilizer. The drought-resistant ability of the plant also could rise with the fertilizer treatments.
The results of field experiment were as follows: water and fertilizer treatments or water retention treatments could promote the growth indexes and raise the drought-resistant ability and raise the nutrition level of‘mugua’bearing branch. We could see that it’s beneficial to flowering and setting fruit. The results show that no obvious difference was found between growth indexes of two watering treatments. Whole-tree spraying fertilizer could promote the growth indexes effectively, and also could promote the physiological indexes in short-time.
The results of mineral nutrition experiment were as follows:The development of content of Ca &Mg, Cu &Zn &P, Fe &Al reflect the similar trends, and Elements K, Mn showed different developing tendency between each other and from others. Correlation analysis shows that there is a strong correlation in different elements. The results also indicate that the appropriate period of analyzing the standards of nutrition diagnosis of the leaves was about mid-July.
研究采用盆栽和大田试验相结合的方法进行。盆栽试验以仁用杏品种中一年生木瓜杏树苗为试验材料;大田试验中以10年生及20年生木瓜杏树为试验材料,研究水分、肥料以及二者之间的共同作用对木瓜杏几种生长指标及生理指标的影响;矿质元素动态变化研究以13年生木瓜杏树为试材,采用电感耦合方法测定其叶片生长发育期间Ca、P、K、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn、Al元素的含量变化。
试验得出以下结果:(1)盆栽试验发现,木瓜杏具有较高的抗旱性;木瓜杏树的生长指标随水分及肥力水平的提高而逐渐升高,适量的施肥可以在干旱胁迫下有效地促进木瓜杏的生长;木瓜杏苗木在干旱胁迫条件下脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量升高,减少干旱对木瓜杏植株的影响;适当的施肥可以缓解干旱胁迫对木瓜杏植株的影响。(2)大田试验发现,对木瓜杏树进行浇水施肥或采用保水处理可以有效地促进木瓜杏树的生长并提高树体的抗旱性,同时可以提高结果枝营养储备,利于木瓜杏树的开花结果;二次浇水与一次浇水之间对木瓜杏当年生长指标的影响并不显著,但在果实生长的关键时期进行浇水可以有效缓解木瓜杏树的干旱胁迫,利于果实生长;树冠喷肥对木瓜杏树生长指标促进作用较为明显,对生理指标的影响在短期内较为显著。(3)对木瓜杏树叶片矿质元素的研究中发现,木瓜杏叶片中Ca与Mg元素,Cu、Zn与P元素,Fe与Al元素的含量呈现出相似的变化规律,K、Mn元素含量的变化趋势各异。木瓜杏叶片中的各种矿质元素之间存在着协同和拮抗的动态平衡作用过程。7月中旬是适合叶分析营养诊断的适宜时期。
This paper analyzes the effect of water and fertilizer treatments to the growth indexes and physiological indexes of‘mugua’almond-apricot, the development and the relativity of the content of mineral nutritious elements in‘mugua’almond-apricot leaves. And the research hope to provide theoretical basis for cultivation and management, scientific fertilization and nutrient diagnosis. Pot experiment was conducted with the 1-year-old‘mugua’almond-apricot, and field test was conducted with the 10-year-old and 20-year-old‘mugua’almond-apricot. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of water and fertilizer treatments and the interaction to the growth and physiological indexes of‘mugua’almond-apricot. Mineral nutrition experiment was conducted with the 13-year-old‘mugua’almond-apricot. Method ICP-OES was selected to determine the content of the mineral nutrition (Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Al) in leaves of‘mugua’almond-apricot.
The results of pot experiment were as follows: It was indicated from the research that the of‘mugua’almond-apricot possess strong drought resistance. The results indicate that all increased with the increase of water and fertilization levels. And application of fertilizers with limited amounts could effectively promote growth of‘mugua’under drought stress. Proline content and soluble sugar content increased with the decrease of water level and the increase of the fertilization levels. And the result showed that the effect of drought stress on the plant could be alleviated effectively with rational application of fertilizer. The drought-resistant ability of the plant also could rise with the fertilizer treatments.
The results of field experiment were as follows: water and fertilizer treatments or water retention treatments could promote the growth indexes and raise the drought-resistant ability and raise the nutrition level of‘mugua’bearing branch. We could see that it’s beneficial to flowering and setting fruit. The results show that no obvious difference was found between growth indexes of two watering treatments. Whole-tree spraying fertilizer could promote the growth indexes effectively, and also could promote the physiological indexes in short-time.
The results of mineral nutrition experiment were as follows:The development of content of Ca &Mg, Cu &Zn &P, Fe &Al reflect the similar trends, and Elements K, Mn showed different developing tendency between each other and from others. Correlation analysis shows that there is a strong correlation in different elements. The results also indicate that the appropriate period of analyzing the standards of nutrition diagnosis of the leaves was about mid-July.
引文
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