新疆棉花纤维发育相关酶活性和激素含量变化及与品质形成关系的研究
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摘要
新疆棉区光热资源丰富,有利于棉花生长发育和品质形成,但棉区纤维强度低、含糖量较高仍是品质存在的主要问题。本文选用四个纤维品质不同的自育品种,研究在纤维发育过程中相关酶活性和激素含量的变化特征,揭示相关酶活性和激素对棉纤维品质形成的调控作用;并采用分期播种试验,探讨不同温度条件下棉纤维发育中相关酶活性的变化特征,了解温度对相关酶活性的影响,进而揭示温度和相关酶活性对纤维品质形成的影响机理。
1温度对不同品种(系)棉纤维品质的影响
试验发现,不同年间纤维比强度变化较大。播期间,纤维品质受铃期平均温度、日最高气温、日最低气温和≥15℃有效积温影响较大,相关系数达到极显著水平。第Ⅰ播期纤维品质优于其它两个播期,推测在纤维发育期温度条件有利时,与纤维发育相关的酶保持较高活性,达到最大值的时间较早,对纤维伸长和次生壁加厚有利;相反,则影响纤维品质的形成。
2相关酶活性、激素含量和可溶性糖与纤维品质形成的关系
铃龄20～25d及35d的SuSy活性与纤维长度和纤维强度呈极显著正相关,但铃龄30～50dSuSy活性与马克隆值却呈极显著负相关。不同品种(系)间,新陆早16号SuSy活性在纤维伸长初期就高,有利于纤维伸长;持续至次生壁阶段,可催化产生较多的纤维素合成底物UDPG,保证纤维素的合成。铃龄20～25d POD活性与纤维长度呈显著负相关;但铃龄30～50d的POD活性与纤维强度和马克隆值呈极显著负相关,这还需更进一步研究。不同品种(系)间,新陆早16号POD达到最大值时间晚,活性较低,最终纤维较长。
在铃龄10～25d间,IAA与纤维长度呈显著正相关;在铃龄30～40d,ABA/IAA比值对马克隆值和纤维强度的形成有显著正效应。不同品种(系)间:纤维发育期,新陆早16号IAA、GA4、ZR的含量高而ABA的含量低,有利于纤维伸长发育;次生壁阶段,ABA/IAA比值较大,有利于纤维强度的形成,最终表现纤维品质较优。而02-DB前期ABA含量过高,抵消IAA的正效应,影响了纤维伸长发育及纤维品质的形成。
不同品种(系)间,新陆早16号可溶性糖转化高峰期起始时间早,转化速率较高;尽管02-DB纤维可溶性糖转化速率较高,但转化高峰期出现的晚,此时纤维伸长已基本停止,蔗糖含量的增加对纤维伸长作用不大,因此可溶性糖转化高峰期出现的时间以及转化速率在一定程度上影响着纤维品质的形成。
3温度对相关酶活性和可溶性糖的影响
不同品种(系)棉纤维SuSy活性随播期推后,温度降低,活性降低,最大值出现时间推迟。在铃龄10～30d间,新陆早16号和新陆早13号第Ⅰ播期的蔗糖合成酶活性极显著的高于第Ⅲ播期。第Ⅰ播期温度适宜,使蔗糖合成酶活性峰值较高,有利于纤维伸长,并且在次生壁阶段,高活性的蔗糖合成酶可催化产生较多的纤维素合成底物UDPG,保证了纤维素的合成,有利于纤维品质形成;随播期推后,温度降低,蔗糖合成酶催化产生的UDPG逐步减少,最终导致纤维品质降低。不同品种(系)随播期推后,温度降低,POD活性最大值出现的时间推后,活性逐渐降低。其中新陆早16号POD活性最大值出现的时间较晚,活性相对较低,这有利于棉纤维伸长发育;次生壁阶段POD活性的升高,有利于纤维合成,对提高纤维强力有利。
不同播期中由于温度条件不同,棉纤维可溶性糖转化高峰起始时间、转化高峰出现的时间有差异,进而影响棉纤维品质的形成。在第Ⅰ播期中,纤维伸长期温度适宜,有较多的光合产物运入纤维中,有利于纤维的伸长和次生壁加厚;而第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ播期,纤维伸长期温度较低,棉纤维可溶性糖转化高峰起始时间延后,转化高峰出现的时间推后,影响可溶性糖的转化,不利于纤维品质形成。
The plentiful resources of optothermal is advantageous to the cotton growth and fiber quality formation in Xinjiang,but the low fiber strength,high sucrose content was still major question in fiber quality.Though chooseing four cotton varieties in different fiber quality,studied the change characteristic of enzymes activity and hormones content during the cotton fiber development,showed the regulative function of the enzymes activity and hormone conten for fiber formation;and adopted the way of different sowing staging,the change characteristic of the enzymes was discussed during the fiber development in different temperature condition,understood the effect of temperature to enzymes activity,then to show the mechanism was influenced by temperature and enzymes activity for the fiber quality formation.
1 The effect of the temperature to the different varieties fiber quality
The experiment discovered that the fiber strength had change in different years.Boll stage of average temperature、the day highest temperature、the day lowest temperature and≥15℃effective accumulated temperature was influenced the fiber quality formation,the correlation coefficient achieved the extremely remarkable level.The result showd that the fiber quality ofⅠsurpassed other sowing,extraplolated that the advantageous of temperature maintains the high of enzymes activity during fiber development,the highest of enzymes activity appeared early,it was advantageous to the fiber elongation and the thickens of secondary wall;On the contrary,infulenced the fiber quality formation.
2 The relation between the enzymes、hormone content、soluble sugar and the fiber quality formation
The correlation between the SuSy activity and fiber length and fiber strength in boll age 20～25d and 35d and the effect was positive,but the correlation between the SuSy activity and the micronaire in boll age 30～50d and the effect was negative.For the diffenten varieties,the high activity SuSy of xinluzao16 was advantageous to the fiber elongation during fiber elongation initial stage;The high activity SuSy catalyzed to procude many cellulose synthesis substrate UDPG in secondary wall stage and guaranteed the cellulose synthesis.the correlation was negative between the POD activity and the fiber length in boll age 20～25d;but the correlation was negative between the POD activity and the strength and the micronaire in boll age 30～50d that needs the further research.For the different varieties,the lower activity and the late time of maxiumu of xinluzao16 had long fiber length.
The positive correlation between IAA and fiber length in boll age 10～25d,The positive correlation between ABA/IAA and fiber strength and fiber microaire in boll age 30～40d.For the different varietives,the high content of IAA、GA4、ZR and low content of ABA in xinluzao16 was advantageous to the fiber elongation during development;the high ration of ABA/IAA was advantageous to the fiber strength formation during the secondary wall stage,the final fiber quality was excellent.The highest ABA content of 02-DB counteract the effect of IAA during the fiber elongation stage,infulenced the fiber elongation development and the fiber quality formation.
For the different varieties,the transformation peak period of soluble sugar of Xinluzao16 was started early,the speed of transformation was high;although the speed of transformation of 02-DB was high,but the the transformation peak period of soluble sugar appeared late and the fiber elongation basically stopped in this time,soluble sugar content’s increase was not obvious function for fiber elongation,therefore the time of transformation peak appear and the speed of transformation soluble sugar influence the formation fiber quality.
3 The effect of temperature to enzymes actibity and soluble sugar
The SuSy activity was reduce with the sowing date delaying and tempertuate going down,and the time of maximum appeared delay.TheⅠof SuSy activity of Xinluzao13 and Xinluzao16 was extremely remarkable higher than theⅢin boll age 10~30d.The suitable tempertuate and the higher activity of SuSy was advantageous to fiber elongation in theⅠ,the high activity of SuSy catalyzed to produces many substrate UDPG of cellulose synthesis and guaranteed the cellulose synthesis during the secondary wall,it was advantageous to the formation fiber quality;when the sowing date was delay and the temperturation reduce,the SuSy catalyzed to produces UDPG reduces that causes to reduce the fiber quality.
For the different varieties,the peak value of POD activity delayed and reduced with sowing date delaying and temperature going down.the lower activity and the late time of maximum POD activity was advantageous to fiber elongation;the elevation POD activity was advantageous to cellulose synthesis,enhanced the fiber strength during secondary wall period.
For the differently sowing date,the temperature condition was differnent,the starting time of transformation peak and the appearing time of transformed peak of soluble sugar had the difference in the cotton fiber and influence the fiber quality formation . The suitable temperature and the many photosynthesis products to import was advantageous to fiber elongation and the thicken of secondary wall during fiber elongation period in theⅠ;the lower temperature and the delay starting time of transformation peak and the appearing time of transfoumed peak influence the soluble sugar the transfoumation,does not favor the fiber quality formation.
1温度对不同品种(系)棉纤维品质的影响
试验发现,不同年间纤维比强度变化较大。播期间,纤维品质受铃期平均温度、日最高气温、日最低气温和≥15℃有效积温影响较大,相关系数达到极显著水平。第Ⅰ播期纤维品质优于其它两个播期,推测在纤维发育期温度条件有利时,与纤维发育相关的酶保持较高活性,达到最大值的时间较早,对纤维伸长和次生壁加厚有利;相反,则影响纤维品质的形成。
2相关酶活性、激素含量和可溶性糖与纤维品质形成的关系
铃龄20～25d及35d的SuSy活性与纤维长度和纤维强度呈极显著正相关,但铃龄30～50dSuSy活性与马克隆值却呈极显著负相关。不同品种(系)间,新陆早16号SuSy活性在纤维伸长初期就高,有利于纤维伸长;持续至次生壁阶段,可催化产生较多的纤维素合成底物UDPG,保证纤维素的合成。铃龄20～25d POD活性与纤维长度呈显著负相关;但铃龄30～50d的POD活性与纤维强度和马克隆值呈极显著负相关,这还需更进一步研究。不同品种(系)间,新陆早16号POD达到最大值时间晚,活性较低,最终纤维较长。
在铃龄10～25d间,IAA与纤维长度呈显著正相关;在铃龄30～40d,ABA/IAA比值对马克隆值和纤维强度的形成有显著正效应。不同品种(系)间:纤维发育期,新陆早16号IAA、GA4、ZR的含量高而ABA的含量低,有利于纤维伸长发育;次生壁阶段,ABA/IAA比值较大,有利于纤维强度的形成,最终表现纤维品质较优。而02-DB前期ABA含量过高,抵消IAA的正效应,影响了纤维伸长发育及纤维品质的形成。
不同品种(系)间,新陆早16号可溶性糖转化高峰期起始时间早,转化速率较高;尽管02-DB纤维可溶性糖转化速率较高,但转化高峰期出现的晚,此时纤维伸长已基本停止,蔗糖含量的增加对纤维伸长作用不大,因此可溶性糖转化高峰期出现的时间以及转化速率在一定程度上影响着纤维品质的形成。
3温度对相关酶活性和可溶性糖的影响
不同品种(系)棉纤维SuSy活性随播期推后,温度降低,活性降低,最大值出现时间推迟。在铃龄10～30d间,新陆早16号和新陆早13号第Ⅰ播期的蔗糖合成酶活性极显著的高于第Ⅲ播期。第Ⅰ播期温度适宜,使蔗糖合成酶活性峰值较高,有利于纤维伸长,并且在次生壁阶段,高活性的蔗糖合成酶可催化产生较多的纤维素合成底物UDPG,保证了纤维素的合成,有利于纤维品质形成;随播期推后,温度降低,蔗糖合成酶催化产生的UDPG逐步减少,最终导致纤维品质降低。不同品种(系)随播期推后,温度降低,POD活性最大值出现的时间推后,活性逐渐降低。其中新陆早16号POD活性最大值出现的时间较晚,活性相对较低,这有利于棉纤维伸长发育;次生壁阶段POD活性的升高,有利于纤维合成,对提高纤维强力有利。
不同播期中由于温度条件不同,棉纤维可溶性糖转化高峰起始时间、转化高峰出现的时间有差异,进而影响棉纤维品质的形成。在第Ⅰ播期中,纤维伸长期温度适宜,有较多的光合产物运入纤维中,有利于纤维的伸长和次生壁加厚;而第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ播期,纤维伸长期温度较低,棉纤维可溶性糖转化高峰起始时间延后,转化高峰出现的时间推后,影响可溶性糖的转化,不利于纤维品质形成。
The plentiful resources of optothermal is advantageous to the cotton growth and fiber quality formation in Xinjiang,but the low fiber strength,high sucrose content was still major question in fiber quality.Though chooseing four cotton varieties in different fiber quality,studied the change characteristic of enzymes activity and hormones content during the cotton fiber development,showed the regulative function of the enzymes activity and hormone conten for fiber formation;and adopted the way of different sowing staging,the change characteristic of the enzymes was discussed during the fiber development in different temperature condition,understood the effect of temperature to enzymes activity,then to show the mechanism was influenced by temperature and enzymes activity for the fiber quality formation.
1 The effect of the temperature to the different varieties fiber quality
The experiment discovered that the fiber strength had change in different years.Boll stage of average temperature、the day highest temperature、the day lowest temperature and≥15℃effective accumulated temperature was influenced the fiber quality formation,the correlation coefficient achieved the extremely remarkable level.The result showd that the fiber quality ofⅠsurpassed other sowing,extraplolated that the advantageous of temperature maintains the high of enzymes activity during fiber development,the highest of enzymes activity appeared early,it was advantageous to the fiber elongation and the thickens of secondary wall;On the contrary,infulenced the fiber quality formation.
2 The relation between the enzymes、hormone content、soluble sugar and the fiber quality formation
The correlation between the SuSy activity and fiber length and fiber strength in boll age 20～25d and 35d and the effect was positive,but the correlation between the SuSy activity and the micronaire in boll age 30～50d and the effect was negative.For the diffenten varieties,the high activity SuSy of xinluzao16 was advantageous to the fiber elongation during fiber elongation initial stage;The high activity SuSy catalyzed to procude many cellulose synthesis substrate UDPG in secondary wall stage and guaranteed the cellulose synthesis.the correlation was negative between the POD activity and the fiber length in boll age 20～25d;but the correlation was negative between the POD activity and the strength and the micronaire in boll age 30～50d that needs the further research.For the different varieties,the lower activity and the late time of maxiumu of xinluzao16 had long fiber length.
The positive correlation between IAA and fiber length in boll age 10～25d,The positive correlation between ABA/IAA and fiber strength and fiber microaire in boll age 30～40d.For the different varietives,the high content of IAA、GA4、ZR and low content of ABA in xinluzao16 was advantageous to the fiber elongation during development;the high ration of ABA/IAA was advantageous to the fiber strength formation during the secondary wall stage,the final fiber quality was excellent.The highest ABA content of 02-DB counteract the effect of IAA during the fiber elongation stage,infulenced the fiber elongation development and the fiber quality formation.
For the different varieties,the transformation peak period of soluble sugar of Xinluzao16 was started early,the speed of transformation was high;although the speed of transformation of 02-DB was high,but the the transformation peak period of soluble sugar appeared late and the fiber elongation basically stopped in this time,soluble sugar content’s increase was not obvious function for fiber elongation,therefore the time of transformation peak appear and the speed of transformation soluble sugar influence the formation fiber quality.
3 The effect of temperature to enzymes actibity and soluble sugar
The SuSy activity was reduce with the sowing date delaying and tempertuate going down,and the time of maximum appeared delay.TheⅠof SuSy activity of Xinluzao13 and Xinluzao16 was extremely remarkable higher than theⅢin boll age 10~30d.The suitable tempertuate and the higher activity of SuSy was advantageous to fiber elongation in theⅠ,the high activity of SuSy catalyzed to produces many substrate UDPG of cellulose synthesis and guaranteed the cellulose synthesis during the secondary wall,it was advantageous to the formation fiber quality;when the sowing date was delay and the temperturation reduce,the SuSy catalyzed to produces UDPG reduces that causes to reduce the fiber quality.
For the different varieties,the peak value of POD activity delayed and reduced with sowing date delaying and temperature going down.the lower activity and the late time of maximum POD activity was advantageous to fiber elongation;the elevation POD activity was advantageous to cellulose synthesis,enhanced the fiber strength during secondary wall period.
For the differently sowing date,the temperature condition was differnent,the starting time of transformation peak and the appearing time of transformed peak of soluble sugar had the difference in the cotton fiber and influence the fiber quality formation . The suitable temperature and the many photosynthesis products to import was advantageous to fiber elongation and the thicken of secondary wall during fiber elongation period in theⅠ;the lower temperature and the delay starting time of transformation peak and the appearing time of transfoumed peak influence the soluble sugar the transfoumation,does not favor the fiber quality formation.
引文
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