美国外资并购国家安全审查制度研究
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摘要
本文题为《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度研究——兼论中国外资并购安全审查制度的构建》。其研究背景为,全球经济一体化产生了新型的国家安全风险。面对外资并购给国家安全带来的风险,国家安全审查制度己经成为很多国家,尤其是一些经济成熟国家的一种常规防御手段。中国目前已经成为并购交易额全球第二大的国家,仅次于美国,但是,中国企业在海外并购的过程中,并非都能如愿获得并购成功,相反却经常会遇到很多的障碍和阻力。在这些并购阻力中,来自外国的外资并购国家安全审查具有很强的政治色彩和不确定性,这种不确定性更甚于商业性博弈,因而逐渐受到更多的关注。而且,欧美国家通过对立法的不断完善,已经建立了相对健全的外资并购国家安全审查机制,如美国、加拿大、德国等。我国这些年也相继制定了一系列涉及外资并购国家安全审查问题的政策、法律和法规。但是,相比之下,我国相关的政策和法规存在原则性强、缺乏可操作性、立法矛盾等问题,尚有许多亟待完善之处。
美国作为世界上较早对外资并购行为进行政府规制的国家,它的外资并购国家安全审查制度发展至今已经积累了数十年的立法和实践经验,有较完备的法律体系和处理程序,其中的具体措施很多是合理而有效的,为诸多国家所效仿,对我国也同样具有重要的借鉴意义。同时,美国经济在世界上处于支配地位,由于美国的经济潜力和市场的开放性,美国是世界上主要的投资目的地,并购美国企业对中国企业同样有着很强的吸引力。
因此,笔者希望通过本文实现两个目标:一是,尽可能全面而准确的展现美国的外资并购国家安全审查制度,为中国企业的美国并购之路,提供更多的信息,以有效、合理的进行并购风险管理。二是,通过对美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的描述,为中国自身的制度完善提供可以借鉴的素材,推动中国相应制度的构建。为了实现这两个目标,本文主要采用三种研究方法,即规范分析与实证分析的结合、静态分析与动态分析的结合,以及比较研究的方法。
本文正文共包括六章。第一章描绘了美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的演进和变迁,从中可以看出该制度在美国的政治和经济背景,主要是分为三个阶段:第一个阶段是美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的萌芽时期。美国通过自由贸易、跨国并购获取了巨大的收益,民众、政府都对投资自由化给予了肯定和支持。第二个阶段是美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的成型时期。随着美国和其他国家比较优势的缩小、日本的快速崛起等因素,外资并购美国企业的威胁日趋增加,这一切促使美国最终确立了外资并购国家安全审查的基础法律和相关专门立法。第三个阶段是泛政治化时期。随着“9·11”事件的发生,尤其是对来自中国和中东地区投资的担忧,美国在国会的推动下,发起了外资并购国家安全审查制度改革,强化了审查,规范了流程。
论文第二章分析了外资并购国家安全审查制度的理论基础,笔者认为,该制度的存在是基于保护国家主权、维护公共利益,同时也是对国际关系反馈的结果。外资并购对国家主权的潜在威胁主要表现在:(1)外国投资者直接干涉东道国内政;(2)藉外资提高战争实力;(3)干预国民经济的健康运行。而对公共利益的潜在影响则是:(1)危害产业安全;(2)使消费者福利受损;(3)抬高失业率;(4)消减国内企业竞争力。同时,外资并购已经不是纯生意的事情,因为涉及到敏感且容易政治化的国家安全问题,并购结果往往会受到国际关系的影响。
论文第三章详细论述了美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的实体内容。第一节介绍了审查机关——外国投资委员会——的改革情况。第二节分析了外资并购的审查标准、审查领域,主要涉及“国家安全”的认定,以及美国对国家安全与国家经济安全的立法选择。第三节论述了审查对象,即哪些并购交易是受外国投资委员会审查管辖的范围,并进一步阐述了不受管辖的并购交易,以示区分。
在介绍了美国外资并购实体内容的基础上,论文接着在第四章谈到了审查程序问题。美国对外资并购的审查非常重视,外国投资委员会、总统和国会均参与其中,外国投资委员会是主要的审查机关。新法增加了申报前的非正式磋商程序,在接受并购方的申报后,进入审查程序、调查程序,以及非常特别的协商程序。除了外国投资委员会之外,总统在法定的情况下,会对外资并购案件作出最后的决定。另外,随着美国安全审查制度的改革,国会的作用和地位日益凸显,本章单设第三节介绍国会的监督职能:分析了国会对安全审查制度立法变迁的推动作用,讨论了2007年新法强化国会监督权的背景,并具体呈现了国会监督权的表现形式。
美国除了本国国内的外资并购审查立法外,还会通过达成双边或者多边协议来缓解投资保护主义的冲击,也会针对特殊的国家进行特殊处理。论文第五章就描述了与美国外资并购国家安全审查有关的特殊机制。第一节讨论了美国就来自中国的外资并购安全审查问题进行特殊监管的原因:(1)中国和美国的非联盟关系;(2)国家所有和控制问题;(3)国家对投资者的财务支持;(4)商业或者国家间谍活动;(5)规范遵守的质疑。并介绍了美中经济与安全审查委员会的设立初衷、人员构成、工作内容等。最后,为中国企业赴美并购提出了六个战略性建议:(1)选对并购对象;(2)谋划长远布局;(3)营造透明形象;(4)遵守市场法则;(5)履行各项承诺;(6)善用审查程序。第二节阐释了经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的投资安排,分析了美国在经合组织投资政策协调中的主导地位,以及经合组织关于确立国家安全投资措施的原则和指引条款。最后一节讨论了WTO就外资并购安全审查问题的规则设计,即安全例外条款,包括安全例外条款的内容、产生背景、援引实践,以及存在的价值和缺陷。
论文最后一章即第六章,试图在中国构建一个完善的外资并购国家安全审查制度。首先,从中国外资并购的境况、中国国家安全审查制度的法律缺陷两个方面,分析了构建该制度的必要性和迫切性。之后,讨论了反垄断审查和国家安全审查的关系,并在此基础上提出了国家安全审查制度的具体建构思路:1、制定效力高的基本法律:外资并购法、外国投资与国家安全审查法或国家经济安全法。2、设立一个高层次、跨部门运作的审查机关,而不只是建立一个部级联合的工作机制,并建议由商务部作为牵头机构、由国务院承担最后的决定权。3、确定内涵及外延合理的审查标准,并着重分析了以下几个问题:立法层面注意如何有效平衡吸引外资与保障国家安全两者之间的关系;在制度设计上,坚持可操作性和灵活性原则。4、构建规范高效的审查程序,包括审查时限、审查和调查程序的区分,以及强制审查、自愿审查原则的选择。
最后,本文在全文论述的基础上得出了笔者的结论:国家安全审查制度变革的过程,是追求平衡、打破平衡、重寻平衡的周而复始的过程,只不过全球一体化、世界多元化会导致寻求新平衡的过程更加漫长和艰辛。
With the topic of“Study on the U.S. National Security Review System of Foreign M&A—to Establish China's Framework of National Security Review of Foreign M&A”,the research background of the thesis is that‘the economic globalization has generated new types of national security risks. Facing the risks foreign M&A have brought to national security, the national security review system has been taken by,inter alias,some economically developed countries,as a regular measure of defense. China is the world’s second biggest country in terms of the M&A amount,next to the US. However,Chinese companies will always encounter lots of obstacles and difficulties in foreign M&A. Among all these obstacles and difficulties,the national security review of foreign M&A is somehow a reflection of political concerns and uncertainties therein. Such uncertainties have drawn even more attention than commercial competition. Besides,western countries,such as the US,Canada and Germany,have already established a comprehensive national security review system of foreign M&A through legislation. China in recent years has also come up with a series of policies,laws and regulations with respect to national security review. Nevertheless,such policies,laws and regulations,which reflect only principle rules,compared with their western counterparts, still need to be further improved due to the lack of operability and legislation conflicts.
The national security review system of foreign M&A of the US has been developed for decades with a relatively mature legal framework and procedures as well as some reasonable and effective methods embodied therein that have been copied by many countries. China shall also draw lessons from the US. In the meantime,the US takes the lead in world’s economy,and because of its economic potentiality and openness of the market,it has become one of the world’s most important destination of foreign investment. Chinese companies are highly motivated to acquire American companies.
Therefore,there are two goals for this thesis: first of all,to show as much extensive as possible the national security review system of foreign M&A in the US so as to provide more information for Chinese companies who are aiming to investing in the US and managing in a effective and reasonable way their risks in M&A; secondly,through the introduction of the national security review system of foreign M&A in the US,to provide materials from which China may develop and improve its own system. To accomplish the two goals,three methods of research have been adopted: the combination of normative analysis and positive analysis , the combination of static analysis and dynamic analysis,and the comparative study.
The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter introduces the evolution and transition of the U.S. National Security Review System of Foreign M&A,which shows the political and economic background of the System in the US. There are three phases: the incubation stage of the System when the US has acquired huge profits through free trade and foreign M&A with recognition and supports from both the public and the government; the mature stage of the System when with the edge of the US over others being shrinking and Japan rapidly arising,the threat of foreign M&A of American companies was on the increase which urge the US to establish the System; the politicalized stage of the System when after 911 with the increasing concerns about investment from China and the Middle East,the US has started a renovation of the System promoted by the Congress to strengthen the review and improve the procedures.
The second chapter analyzes the theoretical basis of the System. The author believes that the System is established to protect the sovereignty and public interests,but meanwhile also a reflection of the international relations. The potential threats foreign M&A imposed on sovereignty are three folded: (1) foreign investors’direct intervention in the domestic politics; (2) increase the power in wars through foreign investment; (3) negative influence on the economy. And on public interests: (1) jeopardize the industrial security; (2) affect the interests of consumers; (3) increase the unemployment; (4) undermine the competitiveness of domestic companies. At the same time foreign M&A is no longer about business only. Being related to sensitive and politicalized national security issues, the results of foreign M & A are by all means determined by international relations.
The third chapter describes in details the content of the System in three sections. The first section introduces the review body—the committee of foreign investment review. The second section analyzed the standards and scope of foreign investment review,the consideration of national security and the legal regime of American national security and national economic security concerns. The third section introduces the subjects of the review,namely what kinds of transactions will be under the censorship of the Committee and those that fall out of the review.
Further to the third chapter,the fourth chapter talks about procedure issues. The Committee,the President and the Congress are all involved in the review with the Committee acting as the major reviewing organ. The amended System requires an informal negotiation been conducted before the formal filing and the procedures of review,investigation and special consultation will follow the investor filing a transaction. In addition to the Committee,the President under certain circumstances stipulated by laws may make a final decision on the transaction. Besides , with the development of the System,the importance of the Congress is increasingly apparent of which is also introduced in the third section of this chapter: the Congress has promoted the evolution of the System and the new System of 2007 has enhanced the superintendence of the Congress.
In addition to the domestic legal system of foreign investment review, the US also employs bilateral or multilateral treaties to mitigate the impact of investment protectionism while set up certain exceptions for specific countries.The fifth chapter introduces the special supervision and international coordination of the System. The first section talks about the reasons why the US has staged a special supervision on the review of Chinese investment: (1) the none-alliance relationship between China and the US; (2) concerns with state owned and state control; (3) the financial support from the country; (4) spy activities; (5) the doubt on compliance with rules. This section also introduces the establishment,personnel and duties of the Sino-American Economy and Security Review Committee. At the end of this section,5 strategic advice are offered to Chinese companies who want to invest in the US: (1) to choose the correct M&A targets; (2) to make good plans for the future; (3) to create transparent images; (4) to abide by all commitments; (5) to take good advantage of the review procedures. The second section of this chapter explains the investment arrangements of OECD and the leading role of the US in the investment policy coordination as well as the articles made by OECD to establish the principles and guidance of the national investment security measures. The last section discusses the the WTO rules for foreign investment security review, namely the WTO Security Exception Items including the content, background,value and shortcomings of the article.
The last chapter describes China's Framework of National Security Review of Foreign M&A. Firstly it analyzes the necessity of the Framework in terms of national security concerns triggered by the enthusiasm of investing in China,the legal defects of the Framework and the new rules of the Framework. Then this chapter suggests a roadmap for develop the Framework: 1. To formulate basic laws and regulations with high effectiveness: foreign investment law or national security law on foreign investment. 2. Set up a review authority under unified leadership and operating trans-departmental rather than merely a working organ on the ministry level,and the authority shall be led by MOFCOM with the final decision power implemented by the prime minister. 3. To establish the standard for review,and especially focus on the following issues: balance the cost and profit of investment restraint measures; understand the relation between political hazard and FDI from the prospective of host countries; stick to both operability and flexibility in framework design. 4. To set up a proper and efficient review procedure including the time limitation of review,the difference between review and investigation,the options between compulsory review and voluntary review.
Finally,the thesis concludes that the evolution process of security review system is a circle of maintaining the balance,breaking the balance and regaining the balance , however the globalization and world diversification somehow make the process hard and endless.
美国作为世界上较早对外资并购行为进行政府规制的国家,它的外资并购国家安全审查制度发展至今已经积累了数十年的立法和实践经验,有较完备的法律体系和处理程序,其中的具体措施很多是合理而有效的,为诸多国家所效仿,对我国也同样具有重要的借鉴意义。同时,美国经济在世界上处于支配地位,由于美国的经济潜力和市场的开放性,美国是世界上主要的投资目的地,并购美国企业对中国企业同样有着很强的吸引力。
因此,笔者希望通过本文实现两个目标:一是,尽可能全面而准确的展现美国的外资并购国家安全审查制度,为中国企业的美国并购之路,提供更多的信息,以有效、合理的进行并购风险管理。二是,通过对美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的描述,为中国自身的制度完善提供可以借鉴的素材,推动中国相应制度的构建。为了实现这两个目标,本文主要采用三种研究方法,即规范分析与实证分析的结合、静态分析与动态分析的结合,以及比较研究的方法。
本文正文共包括六章。第一章描绘了美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的演进和变迁,从中可以看出该制度在美国的政治和经济背景,主要是分为三个阶段:第一个阶段是美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的萌芽时期。美国通过自由贸易、跨国并购获取了巨大的收益,民众、政府都对投资自由化给予了肯定和支持。第二个阶段是美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的成型时期。随着美国和其他国家比较优势的缩小、日本的快速崛起等因素,外资并购美国企业的威胁日趋增加,这一切促使美国最终确立了外资并购国家安全审查的基础法律和相关专门立法。第三个阶段是泛政治化时期。随着“9·11”事件的发生,尤其是对来自中国和中东地区投资的担忧,美国在国会的推动下,发起了外资并购国家安全审查制度改革,强化了审查,规范了流程。
论文第二章分析了外资并购国家安全审查制度的理论基础,笔者认为,该制度的存在是基于保护国家主权、维护公共利益,同时也是对国际关系反馈的结果。外资并购对国家主权的潜在威胁主要表现在:(1)外国投资者直接干涉东道国内政;(2)藉外资提高战争实力;(3)干预国民经济的健康运行。而对公共利益的潜在影响则是:(1)危害产业安全;(2)使消费者福利受损;(3)抬高失业率;(4)消减国内企业竞争力。同时,外资并购已经不是纯生意的事情,因为涉及到敏感且容易政治化的国家安全问题,并购结果往往会受到国际关系的影响。
论文第三章详细论述了美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的实体内容。第一节介绍了审查机关——外国投资委员会——的改革情况。第二节分析了外资并购的审查标准、审查领域,主要涉及“国家安全”的认定,以及美国对国家安全与国家经济安全的立法选择。第三节论述了审查对象,即哪些并购交易是受外国投资委员会审查管辖的范围,并进一步阐述了不受管辖的并购交易,以示区分。
在介绍了美国外资并购实体内容的基础上,论文接着在第四章谈到了审查程序问题。美国对外资并购的审查非常重视,外国投资委员会、总统和国会均参与其中,外国投资委员会是主要的审查机关。新法增加了申报前的非正式磋商程序,在接受并购方的申报后,进入审查程序、调查程序,以及非常特别的协商程序。除了外国投资委员会之外,总统在法定的情况下,会对外资并购案件作出最后的决定。另外,随着美国安全审查制度的改革,国会的作用和地位日益凸显,本章单设第三节介绍国会的监督职能:分析了国会对安全审查制度立法变迁的推动作用,讨论了2007年新法强化国会监督权的背景,并具体呈现了国会监督权的表现形式。
美国除了本国国内的外资并购审查立法外,还会通过达成双边或者多边协议来缓解投资保护主义的冲击,也会针对特殊的国家进行特殊处理。论文第五章就描述了与美国外资并购国家安全审查有关的特殊机制。第一节讨论了美国就来自中国的外资并购安全审查问题进行特殊监管的原因:(1)中国和美国的非联盟关系;(2)国家所有和控制问题;(3)国家对投资者的财务支持;(4)商业或者国家间谍活动;(5)规范遵守的质疑。并介绍了美中经济与安全审查委员会的设立初衷、人员构成、工作内容等。最后,为中国企业赴美并购提出了六个战略性建议:(1)选对并购对象;(2)谋划长远布局;(3)营造透明形象;(4)遵守市场法则;(5)履行各项承诺;(6)善用审查程序。第二节阐释了经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的投资安排,分析了美国在经合组织投资政策协调中的主导地位,以及经合组织关于确立国家安全投资措施的原则和指引条款。最后一节讨论了WTO就外资并购安全审查问题的规则设计,即安全例外条款,包括安全例外条款的内容、产生背景、援引实践,以及存在的价值和缺陷。
论文最后一章即第六章,试图在中国构建一个完善的外资并购国家安全审查制度。首先,从中国外资并购的境况、中国国家安全审查制度的法律缺陷两个方面,分析了构建该制度的必要性和迫切性。之后,讨论了反垄断审查和国家安全审查的关系,并在此基础上提出了国家安全审查制度的具体建构思路:1、制定效力高的基本法律:外资并购法、外国投资与国家安全审查法或国家经济安全法。2、设立一个高层次、跨部门运作的审查机关,而不只是建立一个部级联合的工作机制,并建议由商务部作为牵头机构、由国务院承担最后的决定权。3、确定内涵及外延合理的审查标准,并着重分析了以下几个问题:立法层面注意如何有效平衡吸引外资与保障国家安全两者之间的关系;在制度设计上,坚持可操作性和灵活性原则。4、构建规范高效的审查程序,包括审查时限、审查和调查程序的区分,以及强制审查、自愿审查原则的选择。
最后,本文在全文论述的基础上得出了笔者的结论:国家安全审查制度变革的过程,是追求平衡、打破平衡、重寻平衡的周而复始的过程,只不过全球一体化、世界多元化会导致寻求新平衡的过程更加漫长和艰辛。
With the topic of“Study on the U.S. National Security Review System of Foreign M&A—to Establish China's Framework of National Security Review of Foreign M&A”,the research background of the thesis is that‘the economic globalization has generated new types of national security risks. Facing the risks foreign M&A have brought to national security, the national security review system has been taken by,inter alias,some economically developed countries,as a regular measure of defense. China is the world’s second biggest country in terms of the M&A amount,next to the US. However,Chinese companies will always encounter lots of obstacles and difficulties in foreign M&A. Among all these obstacles and difficulties,the national security review of foreign M&A is somehow a reflection of political concerns and uncertainties therein. Such uncertainties have drawn even more attention than commercial competition. Besides,western countries,such as the US,Canada and Germany,have already established a comprehensive national security review system of foreign M&A through legislation. China in recent years has also come up with a series of policies,laws and regulations with respect to national security review. Nevertheless,such policies,laws and regulations,which reflect only principle rules,compared with their western counterparts, still need to be further improved due to the lack of operability and legislation conflicts.
The national security review system of foreign M&A of the US has been developed for decades with a relatively mature legal framework and procedures as well as some reasonable and effective methods embodied therein that have been copied by many countries. China shall also draw lessons from the US. In the meantime,the US takes the lead in world’s economy,and because of its economic potentiality and openness of the market,it has become one of the world’s most important destination of foreign investment. Chinese companies are highly motivated to acquire American companies.
Therefore,there are two goals for this thesis: first of all,to show as much extensive as possible the national security review system of foreign M&A in the US so as to provide more information for Chinese companies who are aiming to investing in the US and managing in a effective and reasonable way their risks in M&A; secondly,through the introduction of the national security review system of foreign M&A in the US,to provide materials from which China may develop and improve its own system. To accomplish the two goals,three methods of research have been adopted: the combination of normative analysis and positive analysis , the combination of static analysis and dynamic analysis,and the comparative study.
The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter introduces the evolution and transition of the U.S. National Security Review System of Foreign M&A,which shows the political and economic background of the System in the US. There are three phases: the incubation stage of the System when the US has acquired huge profits through free trade and foreign M&A with recognition and supports from both the public and the government; the mature stage of the System when with the edge of the US over others being shrinking and Japan rapidly arising,the threat of foreign M&A of American companies was on the increase which urge the US to establish the System; the politicalized stage of the System when after 911 with the increasing concerns about investment from China and the Middle East,the US has started a renovation of the System promoted by the Congress to strengthen the review and improve the procedures.
The second chapter analyzes the theoretical basis of the System. The author believes that the System is established to protect the sovereignty and public interests,but meanwhile also a reflection of the international relations. The potential threats foreign M&A imposed on sovereignty are three folded: (1) foreign investors’direct intervention in the domestic politics; (2) increase the power in wars through foreign investment; (3) negative influence on the economy. And on public interests: (1) jeopardize the industrial security; (2) affect the interests of consumers; (3) increase the unemployment; (4) undermine the competitiveness of domestic companies. At the same time foreign M&A is no longer about business only. Being related to sensitive and politicalized national security issues, the results of foreign M & A are by all means determined by international relations.
The third chapter describes in details the content of the System in three sections. The first section introduces the review body—the committee of foreign investment review. The second section analyzed the standards and scope of foreign investment review,the consideration of national security and the legal regime of American national security and national economic security concerns. The third section introduces the subjects of the review,namely what kinds of transactions will be under the censorship of the Committee and those that fall out of the review.
Further to the third chapter,the fourth chapter talks about procedure issues. The Committee,the President and the Congress are all involved in the review with the Committee acting as the major reviewing organ. The amended System requires an informal negotiation been conducted before the formal filing and the procedures of review,investigation and special consultation will follow the investor filing a transaction. In addition to the Committee,the President under certain circumstances stipulated by laws may make a final decision on the transaction. Besides , with the development of the System,the importance of the Congress is increasingly apparent of which is also introduced in the third section of this chapter: the Congress has promoted the evolution of the System and the new System of 2007 has enhanced the superintendence of the Congress.
In addition to the domestic legal system of foreign investment review, the US also employs bilateral or multilateral treaties to mitigate the impact of investment protectionism while set up certain exceptions for specific countries.The fifth chapter introduces the special supervision and international coordination of the System. The first section talks about the reasons why the US has staged a special supervision on the review of Chinese investment: (1) the none-alliance relationship between China and the US; (2) concerns with state owned and state control; (3) the financial support from the country; (4) spy activities; (5) the doubt on compliance with rules. This section also introduces the establishment,personnel and duties of the Sino-American Economy and Security Review Committee. At the end of this section,5 strategic advice are offered to Chinese companies who want to invest in the US: (1) to choose the correct M&A targets; (2) to make good plans for the future; (3) to create transparent images; (4) to abide by all commitments; (5) to take good advantage of the review procedures. The second section of this chapter explains the investment arrangements of OECD and the leading role of the US in the investment policy coordination as well as the articles made by OECD to establish the principles and guidance of the national investment security measures. The last section discusses the the WTO rules for foreign investment security review, namely the WTO Security Exception Items including the content, background,value and shortcomings of the article.
The last chapter describes China's Framework of National Security Review of Foreign M&A. Firstly it analyzes the necessity of the Framework in terms of national security concerns triggered by the enthusiasm of investing in China,the legal defects of the Framework and the new rules of the Framework. Then this chapter suggests a roadmap for develop the Framework: 1. To formulate basic laws and regulations with high effectiveness: foreign investment law or national security law on foreign investment. 2. Set up a review authority under unified leadership and operating trans-departmental rather than merely a working organ on the ministry level,and the authority shall be led by MOFCOM with the final decision power implemented by the prime minister. 3. To establish the standard for review,and especially focus on the following issues: balance the cost and profit of investment restraint measures; understand the relation between political hazard and FDI from the prospective of host countries; stick to both operability and flexibility in framework design. 4. To set up a proper and efficient review procedure including the time limitation of review,the difference between review and investigation,the options between compulsory review and voluntary review.
Finally,the thesis concludes that the evolution process of security review system is a circle of maintaining the balance,breaking the balance and regaining the balance , however the globalization and world diversification somehow make the process hard and endless.
引文
8 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,180(2009).
9 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,p129.
10古继宝、张英:《中国企业跨国并购交易成败的影响因素》,载《经济管理》,2006年第19期。
11 Steve Lohr,Unocal Bid Opens Up New Issues of Security,The New York Times,July13,2005.
12 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
92高伟凯、徐力行:《外资并购下发达国家产业安全防范体系的比较研究——对我国装备制造产业安全防范的启示》,载《国际贸易问题》,2008年第1期。
93 Garth N. Willison Editor,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York, 2009.
94 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,preface.
95聂名华:《美国对跨国并购投资的法制管理》,载《国外社会科学》,2003年第4期。
96刘和平:《欧盟并购控制法律制度研究》,北京大学出版社2006年版,第31页。
97 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations,Congressional Research Service,Feb 8,2010.
98 Daniella Markeim,The Need for CFIUS Reform to Address Homeland Security Concerns,Heritage Lectures, No.944,May 24,2006.
99 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,257(2009).
100 Guy Leopold Kamga Wafo,Political Risk and Foreign Direct Investment,Term Paper,Faculty of Economics and Statistics,University of Konstanz,1998.
101 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,preface. 98 David N. Fagan,The U.S. Regulatory and Institutional Framework for FDI,
100《马克思恩格斯全集》第四卷,第124页.
101 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,p75.
102 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
103 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,006,preface.
104于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
105 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,preface.
106于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
107 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,258(2009).
108 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface.
109刘斌:《国家经济安全保障与风险应对》,中国经济出版社2010年版,第5、7页。
110何力:《中国海外投资战略与法律对策》,对外经济贸易大学出版社2009年版,第43页。
115聂名华:《美国对跨国并购投资的法制管理》,载《国外社会科学》,2003年第4期。
116 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p8.
117 James A. Lewis,New Objective for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership,Critical Infrastructure,and Communications Interception,Federal Communications Law Journal,Vol.57,457(2005).
118 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,258(2009).
119聂名华:《美国对跨国并购投资的法制管理》,载《国外社会科学》,2003年第四期。
120 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
121 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,p23-24.
122赵肖易:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的考察和评析》,转载自,史建三:《中国并购法报告》(2010年卷),法律出版社2010年版,第118页。
123 C.S.Eliot Kang,U.S.Politics and Greater Regulation of Inward Foreign Direct Investment,International Organization,Vol.51,324 (1997).
124 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42, 260(2009).
125 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
126 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
127 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,p23-24.
128 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
129 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,Published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March,2009.
130 The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), Title II of Pub.L. 95-223, 91 Stat. 1626, enacted October 28,1977,is a United States federal law authorizing the U.S. Presidents to regulate commerce after declaring a national emergency in response to any unusual and extraordinary threat to the United States which has a foreign source. It is largely an amendment to the Trading with the Enemy Act 1917 and the National Emergencies Act,which deal primarily with when and to what extent the President can declare an emergency.《国际紧急经济权力法》绝大部分是对1917年《与敌国贸易法》和《国家紧急事务法》的修订,主要是确定总统在何时、何种程度上宣告进行紧急状态。
131 Foreign Takeovers and National Security: Hearing Before the Subcom. On Commerce,Consumer Protection,and Competitiveness of the House Comm. On Energy and Commerce,100th Cong.,1st Sess. 17-18 (1988) (Statement of J. Michael Farren,Deputy Under Secretary for International Trade,Department of Commerce).
132 Acquisition by Foreign Companies: Hearing Before the Senate Comm. On Commerce,Science and Transportation,S. Hrg. 100-223,100th Cong.,1st Sess. At 17 (1987) (Statement by Sen. Pete Wilson). See,e.g. Exec. Order No. 12205,45 Fed Reg. 24101 (1980) (Prohibiting certain transactions with Iran).
133于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
134 See Maeve Dion, Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS, published in the Journal of Homeland Security, March ,2009.
135于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
136 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March,2009.
143林平、李嫣怡:《外资并购的国家安全审查:概念、国际经验和政策建议》,载《产业经济评论》,2009年第8卷第1辑。
144林平、李嫣怡:《外资并购的国家安全审查:概念、国际经验和政策建议》,载《产业经济评论》,2009年第8卷第1辑。
145 James K. Jackson,The Exon-florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment,Editor :Garth N. Willison, Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p59.
146刘斌:《国家经济安全保障与风险应对》,中国经济出版社2010年版,第7页。
147 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
148 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
149 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington.DC,May,2006,preface,p123.
150 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
151 Chris Lalonde,Dubai or not Dubai? A Review of Foreign Investment and Acquisition Laws in the U.S. and Canada,Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,Nov,2008.
152 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,
163 Chris Lalonde,Dubai or not Dubai?: A Review of Foreign Investment and Acquisition Laws in the U.S. and Canada,Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,Nov,2008.
164 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface,p30.
165 Weimer,Christopher M,Foreign Direct Investment and National Security Post-FINSA 2007,Texas Law Review,Vol,87,671(2009).
166 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,preface.
167 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface.
173王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
174蒋姮、伍燕然：《外国投资国家安全审查：美国的新举措及其借鉴》，载《国际经济合作》，2007年第9期。
175 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
176张骥、穆书涛:《论经济全球化对国家主权的影响》,载《河北师范大学学报》,2001年第1期。
177陈柳钦、杨晶:《经济全球化时代发展中国家主权弱势分析》,来源于岁月联盟,2010年6月24日。
178 [美]约翰·H·杰克逊:《国家主权与WTO》,社会科学文献出版社2009年版,第76页。
179陈柳钦、杨晶《经济全球化时代发展中国家主权弱势分析》,来源于岁月联盟,2010年6月24日。
180米歇尔?帕伦蒂:《全球化是跨国公司对国家主权搞“政变”》,载《环球视野》,管彦忠摘译自西班牙《起义报》。
181辛平:《跨国公司对国家主权影响的多重性》,载《外交评论》,2006年第87期。
182季正矩:《全球化对国家主权的模铸和侵蚀》,载《当代世界与社会主义》,2001年第6期。
183米歇尔·帕伦蒂:《全球化是跨国公司对国家主权搞“政变”》,载《环球视野》,管彦忠摘译自西班牙《起义报》。
184张骥、穆书涛:《论经济全球化对国家主权的影响》,载《河北师范大学学报》,2001年第1期。
185陈柳钦、杨晶《经济全球化时代发展中国家主权弱势分析》,来源于岁月联盟,2010年6月24日。
186徐崇利:《从南北纷争焦点的转移看国际投资法的晚近发展》,来源于经济法网,http://www.wtolaw.gov.cn。
187于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
188于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
189吴兴南、林善伟:《全球化与未来中国》,中国社会科学出版社2002年版,第300页。
196 Daniella Markeim,The Need for CFIUS Reform to Address Homeland Security Concerns,Heritage Lectures, No.944,May 24,2006.
197 Muthiah Alagappa,Asian Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influences,Stanford University Press, 1998,p19-20.
198张光:《论国际投资仲裁中投资者利益与公共利益的平衡》,载《法律科学》,2011年第1期。
199刘斌:《国家经济安全保障与风险应对》,中国经济出版社2010年版,第43页。
213 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
214 Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance,Ohio State Law Journal,Vol.67,885(2006).
215 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March,2009.
216 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,259(2009).
217 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,259(2009).
218 See CRS Report for Congress by Congressional Research Serviee,The Committeeon Foreign Investment in United states,by Janmes K.Jackson,Specialist in International Trade and Finance,Foreign Affairs,Defense,and Trade Division,July28,2006.
219林永梅:《议美国外资并购国家安全审查制度及对我国的启示》,载《法制与社会》2009年第2期。
220林永梅:《议美国外资并购国家安全审查制度及对我国的启示》,载《法制与社会》,2009年第2期。
221胡盛涛:《寻求投资开放与国家安全的新平衡——美国境内外资并购中的国家安全审查制度及其对中国立法的借鉴》,载《国际经济法学刊》,2007年第1期。
222 James A. Lewis,New Objective for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership,Critical Infrastructure,and Communications Interception,Federal Communications Law Journal,Vol.57,457(2005).
223 William R. Hawkins,Exclusive:The Sham Dialoge with China, http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/authors/id.89/author_detail.asp。
224 Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance,Ohio State Law Journal,Vol.67,908-910(2006).
225 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington,DC,May,2006,preface.
226 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface,p30.
227 James A. Lewis,New Objective for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership,Critical Infrastructure,and CommunicationsInterception,Federal Communications Law Journal,Vol.57,2005,p457.
228 Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law,Vol34,310(2008).
229 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines,Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
230 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
231 Executive Order 13456—Further Amendment of Executive Order 11858 Concerning Foreign Investment in the United States.
232 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
233 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
234 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
235 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface,p38.
239 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,189(2009).
240 James K. Jackson,The Exon-florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment,Editor :Garth N. Willison, Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p63.
241 Mark E. Plotkin and David N. Fagan,The Revised National Security Review Process for FDI in the US, Columbia FDI Perspectives,NO.2,Jan7,2009.
242 See John Bush,The Physical Protection of Critical Inf rast ructures and Key Asset s,February,2003.转引自王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
243王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
244 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
245 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March 2009.
246 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
247 James K. Jackson, Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations,Congressional Research Service,Feb8,2010.
248 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
249 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
250 The term‘foreign government-controlled transaction’means any covered transaction that could result in the control of any person engaged in interstate commerce in the United States by a foreign government or an entity controlled by or acting on behalf of a foreign government.
251 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
252 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons(2008),Sec. 800. 207: Covered transaction.参见韩龙、沈革新:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的新发展》,载《时代法学》,2010年第5期。
253 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons(2008),Sec. 800. 207: Covered transaction.参见韩龙、沈革新:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的新发展》,载《时代法学》,2010年第5期。
261 Daniella Markeim,The Need for CFIUS Reform to Address Homeland Security Concerns,Heritage Lectures, No.944,May 24,2006.
262 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,p105-109.
263 John J. Burke,Setting The Record Straight:The U.S. Is Open For Chinese Business; Don’t Worry Too Much About National Security Reviews.
264 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
265 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
266 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
267 Susan W. Liebeler and William H. LashⅢ: Exon-Florio Harbinger of Economic Nationalism? The Cato Review of Business &Government.
268 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
269 Jason Cox, Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law, Vol34,309(2008).
270 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
271 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
272 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
273 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines,Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
274 Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law,Vol34,314(2008).
275 Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance,Ohio State Law Journal,Vol.67,871(2006).
276 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
277 See 50 U. S. C. App.§2170 (b) (2006) .转引自王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
278 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
279 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
280 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
281 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines, Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
282 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines, Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
283 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
284 Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law,Vol34,310(2008).
285 Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government110(2009).
290 See David Zaring,CFIUS as A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,111-115(2009).
291 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
292 Mark E. Plotkin and David N. Fagan,The Revised National Security Review Process for FDI in the US, Columbia FDI Perspectives,NO.2,Jan7,2009.
293 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines, Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
294 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March 2009.
295 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March 2009.
296 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p22.
297 See David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,122(2009).
298 Michael V. Seitzinger,Foreign Investments In The United States :Major fedaral Statutory Restrictions; Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York, 2009,p33.
299 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,283(2009).
300 See David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service, Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,88-99(2009).
301 See David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,88-96(2009).
302 Chris Lalonde,Dubai or not Dubai?: A Review of Foreign Investment and Acquisition Laws in the U.S. and Canada,Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,Nov,2008.
303钟美闻:《美国国会新法案加强审查外资赴美投资将受控制》,来源于《中华工商时报》,2007年3月6日。转引自王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
304《美众院压倒性票数阻港口收购案迪拜公司受挫》;转引自王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
305 See David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,97(2009).
306 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison, Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p18.
307 Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance,Ohio State Law Journal,Vol.67,900(2006).
326贾雄:《新自由主义与国际投资法》,载《和田师范专科学校学报》,2006年第4期。
327元春:《中美投资协议谈判:一个双赢的选择》,来源于《华夏时报》,2008年6月21日。
328元春:《中美投资协议谈判:一个双赢的选择》,来源于《华夏时报》,2008年6月21日。
333叶建木:《跨国并购:驱动、风险与规制》,经济管理出版社2008年版,第140页。
338 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations,Congressional Research Service,Feb.8,2010.
339 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p8.
340 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p8.
341 Tenth Roundtable on Freedom of Investment,National Security and“Strategic”Industries,March,26,2009.
350张霞、刘汉荣、蒋兴宏、王伟:《WTO安全例外条款的完善与我国装备发展对策》,载《装备指挥技术学院学报》,2004年第5期。
351曹国红、周宝根:《WTO“安全例外条款”的应用与争论》,载《黑龙江对外经贸》,2009年第8期。
352李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
353李小霞:《WTO根本安全例外条款的理论与实践》,载《湖南社会科学》,2010年5期;另参见李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
354李向京:《WTO例外条款与国家经济安全问题研究》,国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文,2003年。
355周林彬、郑远远:《WTO规则例外和例外规则》,广东人民出版社2000年版,第8页。
356曹国红、周宝根:《WTO“安全例外条款”的应用与争论》,载《黑龙江对外经贸》,2009年第8期。
357张霞、刘汉荣、蒋兴宏、王伟:《WTO安全例外条款的完善与我国装备发展对策》,载《装备指挥技术学院学报》,2004年第5期。
358李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
359李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
360曹国红、周宝根:《WTO“安全例外条款”的应用与争论》,载《黑龙江对外经贸》,2009年第8期。
366于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
368周超喆：《外资并购安全审查制度比较研究》，山西大学硕士学位论文，2010年。
369张国平:《外资并购的准入管制和反垄断管制》,载《南京师范大学学报》,2008年第6期。
370王晓晔:《中华人民共和国反垄断法中经营者集中的分析》,载《法学杂志》,2008年第1期。
373廖华:《我国外资并购国家安全审查的法律完善》,载《武汉金融》,2008年第6期。
387 James K.Jackson,Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations, Congressional Research Service,Feb8,2010.
388 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
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10、张骥、穆书涛:《论经济全球化对国家主权的影响》,载《河北师范大学学报》,2001年第1期。
11、张德修:《论国际间企业并购与国家经济安全》,载《经济研究导刊》,2006年第6期。
12、林永梅:《议美国外资并购国家安全审查制度及对我国的启示》,载《法制与社会》,2009年第2期。
13、贾雄:《新自由主义与国际投资法》,载《和田师范专科学校学报》,2006年第4期。
14、胡盛涛:《寻求投资开放与国家安全的新平衡——美国境内外资并购中的国家安全审查制度及其对中国立法的借鉴》,载《国际经济法学刊》,2007年第1期。
15、刘宁:《论美国国会在中国国有企业并购美国企业过程中的影响———以中海油收购优尼科为案例》,载《长白学刊》,2006年第6期。
16、王银凤、刘和平:《美国外资并购规制及其借鉴》,载《证券市场导报》,2006年第7期。
17、胡海燕:《外资并购国家安全审查:美国的立法对我国的启示》,载《知识经济》,2009年第6期。
18、张广荣:《外国投资中的“国家安全审查”制度探析——从〈反垄断法〉第31条谈起》,载《国际贸易》,2007年第12期。
19、张国平:《外资并购的准入管制和反垄断管制》,载《南京师范大学学报》,2008年第6期。
20、王晓晔:《中华人民共和国反垄断法中经营者集中的分析》,载《法学杂志》,2008年第1期。
21、彭静:《完善我国的外资并购国家安全审查制度》,载《中国商界》,2009年第9期。
22、廖华:《我国外资并购国家安全审查的法律完善》,载《武汉金融》,2008年第6期。
1、李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
2、胡丹:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度法律问题研究》,中国政法大学硕士学位论文,2005年。
3、王少喆：《跨国并购国家安全制度比较研究》，北京大学硕士学位论文，2007年。
4、张琪炜:《外资并购国家安全审查制度研究》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
5、于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
6、侯芳:《外资并购国家安全审查法律制度研究》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
7、朱雷:《外资并购国家安全审查制度问题研究》,湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
8、周超喆：《外资并购安全审查制度比较研究》，山西大学硕士学位论文，2010年。
9、陈贝:《外资并购国家安全审查制度研究》,河北大学硕士学位论文,2010年。
1、薛松:《中国企业跨境收购失败率全球最高壁垒可能增多》,来源于《广州日报》。
2、古继宝、张英:《中国企业跨国并购交易成败的影响因素》,来源于《经济管理》。
3、《美中贸易全国委员会会长傅强恩:美国欢迎来自中国的直接投资》,来源于《南方日报》。
4、李林、张波、车强东:《海尔在美泰克收购中为什么失败?》,来源于《IT时代周刊》。
5、牛力军:《美中经济安全审查委员会鼓动对华金融战》,来源于《环球人物》杂志。
6、张勇:《加拿大外资并购国家产业安全审查法律制度》,来源于中国贸易交易信息网。
7、《2010年中国企业并购规模创历史新高》,来源于财经网。
8、《清科:中国2010年并购金额348.03亿美元》,来源于一财网。
9、风义:《品牌国际化的政治风险与国家形象──从联想收购IBM案看起》,来源于中国广告网。
10、《小鱼吃大鱼:联想收购IBM个人电脑业务》,来源于央视国际网。
11、《联想收购IBM个人电脑业务意味着什么》,来源于经济之声网。
12、《联想收购IBM PC业务顺利通过美国政府审查》,来源于联想主页。
13、刘恩:《跨国并购中的国家安全审查》,来源于尚公律师事务所网。
14、黄芷蘅:《中国五矿60亿收购加拿大诺兰达受阻内情》,来源于搜狐财经网。
15、韩曙:《美国以“国家安全”为借口无理封杀中国投资》,来源于新华网。
16、唐海燕、胡峰:《美国外国投资安全审查制度的演进及对中国的启示》,来源于中国产业安全指南网。
1、Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines,Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,Aug.2007.
2、C.S.Eliot Kang,U.S.Politics and Greater Regulation of Inward Foreign Direct Investment,International Organization,Vol.51(1997).
3、Chris Lalonde,Dubai or not Dubai?: A Review of Foreign Investment and M &A Laws in the U.S. and Canada,Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,Nov.2008.
4、David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83(2009).
5、Daniella Markeim,The Need for CFIUS Reform to Address Homeland Security Concerns,Heritage Lectures,No.944,May24,2006.
6、David N. Fagan,The U.S. Regulatory and Institutional Framework for FDI.
7、Deborah M.Mostaghel,Dubai Ports World Under Exon-Florio: A threat to National Security or A Tempest in A Seaport? Albany Law Review.
8、Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington,DC,2006.
9、Garth N. Willison Editor,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009.
10、Guy Leopold Kamga Wafo,Political Risk and Foreign Direct Investment, Term Paper,Faculty of Economics and Statistics,University of Konstanz,1998.
11、James A. Lewis,New Objective for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership,Critical Infrastructure , and Communications Interception , Federal Communications Law Journal,Vol.57(2005).
12、James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,2009.
13、Janie Hulse,China Expansion into and U.S. Withdrawal from Argentina’s Telecommunications and Space Industries and the Implications for U.S. National Security,Sep.2007.
14、Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law,Vol.34(2008).
15、James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations,Congressional Research Service,Feb.2010.
16、Jonn J. Burke,The United States Remains Open to Chinese Investment, From Baker Hostetler.
17、John Bush,The Physical Protection of Critical Infrast -ructures and Key Assets,Feb.2003.
18、Joshua W.Casselman,China’s Latest Threat to the United States: The FailedCNOOC-Unocal Merger and Its Implications for Exon-Florio and CFIUS,2007.
19、Koo George,When Congress Demonizes China,Free Enterprise Suffers, Chinese American Forum,Vol.11(2005).
20、Karl P. Sauvant,FDI Protectionism Is on the Rise.
21、Karl Sauvant,The rise of FDI Protectionism, Koo George,When Congress Demonizes China,Free Enterprise Suffers,Chinese American Forum,Vol.11(2005).
22、Lindsey Graham,How the Congress Views China,The International Economy,Fall,2005.
23、Laws and Policies Regulating Foreign Investment in 10 Countries,Report to the Honorable Richard Shelby,Ranking Member,Committee on Banking,Housing, and Urban Affairs,U.S. Senate. Feb.2008.
24、Mark Katz,Canada’s New Foreign Investment Review Standard Raises Concerns,The Lawyers Weekly,May15,2009.
25、Mark E. Plotkin and David N. Fagan,The Revised National Security Review Process for FDI in the US,Columbia FDI Perspectives,Vol.2(2009).
26、Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment: National Security and the Role of CFIUS,Published in the Journal of Homeland Security,Mar.2009.
27、Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance , Ohio State Law Journal , Vol.67(2006).
28、Michael V. Seitzinger,Foreign Investments In The United States: Major fedaral Statutory Restrictions.
29、Muthiah Alagappa , Asian Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influences,Stanford University Press,1998.
30、Michael Petrusic,Oil and the National Security:CNOOC's Failed Bid to Purchase Unocal,North Carolina Law Review,Jul12,2005.
31、Ronald D. Lee,The Dog Doesnt Bark: CFIUS,the National Security Guard Dog With Teeth,The M & A Lawyer,Vol.8(2005).
32、Rahual Prabhakar,Deal-Breaker:FDI,CFIUS,and Congressional Response to State Ownership of Foreign Firms,May13,2009.
33、Richard E. Climan,The Newsletter of the on Negotiated M & A,DEAL POINTS,Vol.2(2006).
34、Steve Lohr,Unocal Bid Opens Up New Issues of Security,The New York Times,July13,2005.
35、Susan W. Liebeler and William H. LashⅢ: Exon-Florio Harbinger of Economic Nationalism? The Cato Review of Business &Government.
36、Source:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD).
37、Steven Globerman and Daniel Shapiro,Economic and Strategic Considerations Surrounding Chinese FDI in the United States.
38、Tenth Roundtable on Freedom of Investment,National Security and“Strategic”Industries,Mar.26,2009.
39、Todd M. Malan,Foreign Investment,Jobs and National Security: The CFIUS Process.
40、Theodore H. Moran,Foreign M & A and National Security: What are Genuine Threats? What are Implausible Worries? A Framework for OCED Countries,and Beyond,From The Peterson Institute for International Economics,Dec.14,2009.
41、The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity, Marquette Law Review,Vol.76(1993).
42、Vaughan Martin,Observers Brace For Foreign M & A of Key Firms,Congress Daily,Feb.10,2006.
43、Weimer,Christopher M,Foreign Direct Investment and National Security Post-FINSA 2007,Texas Law Review,Vol,87 (2009).
44、Wang Wei,Who Politicized the CNOOC Takeover Bid.
45、Wharton,Is CNOOC’s Bid for Unocal a Threat to America?
46、William R. Hawkins,Exclusive:The Sham Dialoge with China.
47、Waite,Frederick P.and Goldberg,M. Roy,National Security Review of Foreign Investment in the United States: An Update on Exon-Florio and the Final Regulations Which Implement It,Florida Journal of International Law,Spring,1991.
48、Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42 (2009).
1、Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007. (FINSA)
2、31 CFR Part 800 ,Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,M & A, and Takeovers by ForeignPersons; Final Rule.
3、Executive Order 13456—Further Amendment of Executive Order 11858 Concerning Foreign Investment in the United States.
4、Executive Order 11858,as initially issued (President Ford,May 7,1975).
5、The International Emergency Economic Powers Act. (IEEPA)
6、Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950,50 U.S.C. App. 2170(as amended by the Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007).
9 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,p129.
10古继宝、张英:《中国企业跨国并购交易成败的影响因素》,载《经济管理》,2006年第19期。
11 Steve Lohr,Unocal Bid Opens Up New Issues of Security,The New York Times,July13,2005.
12 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
92高伟凯、徐力行:《外资并购下发达国家产业安全防范体系的比较研究——对我国装备制造产业安全防范的启示》,载《国际贸易问题》,2008年第1期。
93 Garth N. Willison Editor,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York, 2009.
94 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,preface.
95聂名华:《美国对跨国并购投资的法制管理》,载《国外社会科学》,2003年第4期。
96刘和平:《欧盟并购控制法律制度研究》,北京大学出版社2006年版,第31页。
97 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations,Congressional Research Service,Feb 8,2010.
98 Daniella Markeim,The Need for CFIUS Reform to Address Homeland Security Concerns,Heritage Lectures, No.944,May 24,2006.
99 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,257(2009).
100 Guy Leopold Kamga Wafo,Political Risk and Foreign Direct Investment,Term Paper,Faculty of Economics and Statistics,University of Konstanz,1998.
101 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,preface. 98 David N. Fagan,The U.S. Regulatory and Institutional Framework for FDI,
100《马克思恩格斯全集》第四卷,第124页.
101 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,p75.
102 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
103 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,006,preface.
104于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
105 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,preface.
106于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
107 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,258(2009).
108 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface.
109刘斌:《国家经济安全保障与风险应对》,中国经济出版社2010年版,第5、7页。
110何力:《中国海外投资战略与法律对策》,对外经济贸易大学出版社2009年版,第43页。
115聂名华:《美国对跨国并购投资的法制管理》,载《国外社会科学》,2003年第4期。
116 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p8.
117 James A. Lewis,New Objective for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership,Critical Infrastructure,and Communications Interception,Federal Communications Law Journal,Vol.57,457(2005).
118 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,258(2009).
119聂名华:《美国对跨国并购投资的法制管理》,载《国外社会科学》,2003年第四期。
120 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
121 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,p23-24.
122赵肖易:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的考察和评析》,转载自,史建三:《中国并购法报告》(2010年卷),法律出版社2010年版,第118页。
123 C.S.Eliot Kang,U.S.Politics and Greater Regulation of Inward Foreign Direct Investment,International Organization,Vol.51,324 (1997).
124 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42, 260(2009).
125 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
126 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
127 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,p23-24.
128 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
129 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,Published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March,2009.
130 The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), Title II of Pub.L. 95-223, 91 Stat. 1626, enacted October 28,1977,is a United States federal law authorizing the U.S. Presidents to regulate commerce after declaring a national emergency in response to any unusual and extraordinary threat to the United States which has a foreign source. It is largely an amendment to the Trading with the Enemy Act 1917 and the National Emergencies Act,which deal primarily with when and to what extent the President can declare an emergency.《国际紧急经济权力法》绝大部分是对1917年《与敌国贸易法》和《国家紧急事务法》的修订,主要是确定总统在何时、何种程度上宣告进行紧急状态。
131 Foreign Takeovers and National Security: Hearing Before the Subcom. On Commerce,Consumer Protection,and Competitiveness of the House Comm. On Energy and Commerce,100th Cong.,1st Sess. 17-18 (1988) (Statement of J. Michael Farren,Deputy Under Secretary for International Trade,Department of Commerce).
132 Acquisition by Foreign Companies: Hearing Before the Senate Comm. On Commerce,Science and Transportation,S. Hrg. 100-223,100th Cong.,1st Sess. At 17 (1987) (Statement by Sen. Pete Wilson). See,e.g. Exec. Order No. 12205,45 Fed Reg. 24101 (1980) (Prohibiting certain transactions with Iran).
133于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
134 See Maeve Dion, Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS, published in the Journal of Homeland Security, March ,2009.
135于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
136 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March,2009.
143林平、李嫣怡:《外资并购的国家安全审查:概念、国际经验和政策建议》,载《产业经济评论》,2009年第8卷第1辑。
144林平、李嫣怡:《外资并购的国家安全审查:概念、国际经验和政策建议》,载《产业经济评论》,2009年第8卷第1辑。
145 James K. Jackson,The Exon-florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment,Editor :Garth N. Willison, Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p59.
146刘斌:《国家经济安全保障与风险应对》,中国经济出版社2010年版,第7页。
147 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
148 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
149 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington.DC,May,2006,preface,p123.
150 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
151 Chris Lalonde,Dubai or not Dubai? A Review of Foreign Investment and Acquisition Laws in the U.S. and Canada,Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,Nov,2008.
152 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,
163 Chris Lalonde,Dubai or not Dubai?: A Review of Foreign Investment and Acquisition Laws in the U.S. and Canada,Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,Nov,2008.
164 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface,p30.
165 Weimer,Christopher M,Foreign Direct Investment and National Security Post-FINSA 2007,Texas Law Review,Vol,87,671(2009).
166 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington, DC,May,2006,preface.
167 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface.
173王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
174蒋姮、伍燕然：《外国投资国家安全审查：美国的新举措及其借鉴》，载《国际经济合作》，2007年第9期。
175 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
176张骥、穆书涛:《论经济全球化对国家主权的影响》,载《河北师范大学学报》,2001年第1期。
177陈柳钦、杨晶:《经济全球化时代发展中国家主权弱势分析》,来源于岁月联盟,2010年6月24日。
178 [美]约翰·H·杰克逊:《国家主权与WTO》,社会科学文献出版社2009年版,第76页。
179陈柳钦、杨晶《经济全球化时代发展中国家主权弱势分析》,来源于岁月联盟,2010年6月24日。
180米歇尔?帕伦蒂:《全球化是跨国公司对国家主权搞“政变”》,载《环球视野》,管彦忠摘译自西班牙《起义报》。
181辛平:《跨国公司对国家主权影响的多重性》,载《外交评论》,2006年第87期。
182季正矩:《全球化对国家主权的模铸和侵蚀》,载《当代世界与社会主义》,2001年第6期。
183米歇尔·帕伦蒂:《全球化是跨国公司对国家主权搞“政变”》,载《环球视野》,管彦忠摘译自西班牙《起义报》。
184张骥、穆书涛:《论经济全球化对国家主权的影响》,载《河北师范大学学报》,2001年第1期。
185陈柳钦、杨晶《经济全球化时代发展中国家主权弱势分析》,来源于岁月联盟,2010年6月24日。
186徐崇利:《从南北纷争焦点的转移看国际投资法的晚近发展》,来源于经济法网,http://www.wtolaw.gov.cn。
187于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
188于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
189吴兴南、林善伟:《全球化与未来中国》,中国社会科学出版社2002年版,第300页。
196 Daniella Markeim,The Need for CFIUS Reform to Address Homeland Security Concerns,Heritage Lectures, No.944,May 24,2006.
197 Muthiah Alagappa,Asian Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influences,Stanford University Press, 1998,p19-20.
198张光:《论国际投资仲裁中投资者利益与公共利益的平衡》,载《法律科学》,2011年第1期。
199刘斌:《国家经济安全保障与风险应对》,中国经济出版社2010年版,第43页。
213 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
214 Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance,Ohio State Law Journal,Vol.67,885(2006).
215 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March,2009.
216 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,259(2009).
217 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,259(2009).
218 See CRS Report for Congress by Congressional Research Serviee,The Committeeon Foreign Investment in United states,by Janmes K.Jackson,Specialist in International Trade and Finance,Foreign Affairs,Defense,and Trade Division,July28,2006.
219林永梅:《议美国外资并购国家安全审查制度及对我国的启示》,载《法制与社会》2009年第2期。
220林永梅:《议美国外资并购国家安全审查制度及对我国的启示》,载《法制与社会》,2009年第2期。
221胡盛涛:《寻求投资开放与国家安全的新平衡——美国境内外资并购中的国家安全审查制度及其对中国立法的借鉴》,载《国际经济法学刊》,2007年第1期。
222 James A. Lewis,New Objective for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership,Critical Infrastructure,and Communications Interception,Federal Communications Law Journal,Vol.57,457(2005).
223 William R. Hawkins,Exclusive:The Sham Dialoge with China, http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/authors/id.89/author_detail.asp。
224 Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance,Ohio State Law Journal,Vol.67,908-910(2006).
225 Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington,DC,May,2006,preface.
226 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface,p30.
227 James A. Lewis,New Objective for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership,Critical Infrastructure,and CommunicationsInterception,Federal Communications Law Journal,Vol.57,2005,p457.
228 Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law,Vol34,310(2008).
229 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines,Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
230 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
231 Executive Order 13456—Further Amendment of Executive Order 11858 Concerning Foreign Investment in the United States.
232 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
233 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
234 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
235 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,preface,p38.
239 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,189(2009).
240 James K. Jackson,The Exon-florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment,Editor :Garth N. Willison, Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p63.
241 Mark E. Plotkin and David N. Fagan,The Revised National Security Review Process for FDI in the US, Columbia FDI Perspectives,NO.2,Jan7,2009.
242 See John Bush,The Physical Protection of Critical Inf rast ructures and Key Asset s,February,2003.转引自王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
243王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
244 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
245 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March 2009.
246 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
247 James K. Jackson, Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations,Congressional Research Service,Feb8,2010.
248 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
249 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
250 The term‘foreign government-controlled transaction’means any covered transaction that could result in the control of any person engaged in interstate commerce in the United States by a foreign government or an entity controlled by or acting on behalf of a foreign government.
251 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
252 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons(2008),Sec. 800. 207: Covered transaction.参见韩龙、沈革新:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的新发展》,载《时代法学》,2010年第5期。
253 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons(2008),Sec. 800. 207: Covered transaction.参见韩龙、沈革新:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的新发展》,载《时代法学》,2010年第5期。
261 Daniella Markeim,The Need for CFIUS Reform to Address Homeland Security Concerns,Heritage Lectures, No.944,May 24,2006.
262 See Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment, Washington,DC,May,2006,p105-109.
263 John J. Burke,Setting The Record Straight:The U.S. Is Open For Chinese Business; Don’t Worry Too Much About National Security Reviews.
264 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
265 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
266 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
267 Susan W. Liebeler and William H. LashⅢ: Exon-Florio Harbinger of Economic Nationalism? The Cato Review of Business &Government.
268 The U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Policy:the Quest for Uniformity,Marquette Law Review,Vol.76,805(1993).
269 Jason Cox, Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law, Vol34,309(2008).
270 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
271 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
272 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
273 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines,Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
274 Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law,Vol34,314(2008).
275 Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance,Ohio State Law Journal,Vol.67,871(2006).
276 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
277 See 50 U. S. C. App.§2170 (b) (2006) .转引自王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
278 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
279 31 CFR Part 800 Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,Acquisitions,and Takeovers by Foreign Persons; Final Rule.
280 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
281 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines, Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
282 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines, Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
283 Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007.
284 Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law,Vol34,310(2008).
285 Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government110(2009).
290 See David Zaring,CFIUS as A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,111-115(2009).
291 See United States - Department of The Treasury.
292 Mark E. Plotkin and David N. Fagan,The Revised National Security Review Process for FDI in the US, Columbia FDI Perspectives,NO.2,Jan7,2009.
293 Andrew and Kristine Dittmeier,Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007-New Legislation Defines, Adds to Federal“Covered Transaction”Review Process,Corporate Law Alert,August,2007.
294 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March 2009.
295 Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment:National Security and the Role of CFIUS,published in the Journal of Homeland Security,March 2009.
296 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p22.
297 See David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,122(2009).
298 Michael V. Seitzinger,Foreign Investments In The United States :Major fedaral Statutory Restrictions; Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York, 2009,p33.
299 Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42,283(2009).
300 See David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service, Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,88-99(2009).
301 See David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,88-96(2009).
302 Chris Lalonde,Dubai or not Dubai?: A Review of Foreign Investment and Acquisition Laws in the U.S. and Canada,Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,Nov,2008.
303钟美闻:《美国国会新法案加强审查外资赴美投资将受控制》,来源于《中华工商时报》,2007年3月6日。转引自王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
304《美众院压倒性票数阻港口收购案迪拜公司受挫》;转引自王小琼、何焰:《美国外资并购国家安全审查立法的新发展及其启示——兼论〈中华人民共和国反垄断法〉第31条的实施》,载《法商研究》,2008年第6期。
305 See David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83,97(2009).
306 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison, Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p18.
307 Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance,Ohio State Law Journal,Vol.67,900(2006).
326贾雄:《新自由主义与国际投资法》,载《和田师范专科学校学报》,2006年第4期。
327元春:《中美投资协议谈判:一个双赢的选择》,来源于《华夏时报》,2008年6月21日。
328元春:《中美投资协议谈判:一个双赢的选择》,来源于《华夏时报》,2008年6月21日。
333叶建木:《跨国并购:驱动、风险与规制》,经济管理出版社2008年版,第140页。
338 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations,Congressional Research Service,Feb.8,2010.
339 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p8.
340 James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and Natinal Security: Economic Consideration,Editor :Garth N. Willison,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009,p8.
341 Tenth Roundtable on Freedom of Investment,National Security and“Strategic”Industries,March,26,2009.
350张霞、刘汉荣、蒋兴宏、王伟:《WTO安全例外条款的完善与我国装备发展对策》,载《装备指挥技术学院学报》,2004年第5期。
351曹国红、周宝根:《WTO“安全例外条款”的应用与争论》,载《黑龙江对外经贸》,2009年第8期。
352李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
353李小霞:《WTO根本安全例外条款的理论与实践》,载《湖南社会科学》,2010年5期;另参见李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
354李向京:《WTO例外条款与国家经济安全问题研究》,国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文,2003年。
355周林彬、郑远远:《WTO规则例外和例外规则》,广东人民出版社2000年版,第8页。
356曹国红、周宝根:《WTO“安全例外条款”的应用与争论》,载《黑龙江对外经贸》,2009年第8期。
357张霞、刘汉荣、蒋兴宏、王伟:《WTO安全例外条款的完善与我国装备发展对策》,载《装备指挥技术学院学报》,2004年第5期。
358李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
359李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
360曹国红、周宝根:《WTO“安全例外条款”的应用与争论》,载《黑龙江对外经贸》,2009年第8期。
366于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
368周超喆：《外资并购安全审查制度比较研究》，山西大学硕士学位论文，2010年。
369张国平:《外资并购的准入管制和反垄断管制》,载《南京师范大学学报》,2008年第6期。
370王晓晔:《中华人民共和国反垄断法中经营者集中的分析》,载《法学杂志》,2008年第1期。
373廖华:《我国外资并购国家安全审查的法律完善》,载《武汉金融》,2008年第6期。
387 James K.Jackson,Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations, Congressional Research Service,Feb8,2010.
388 James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,Vol.23,168(2009).
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1、林平、李嫣怡:《外资并购的国家安全审查:概念、国际经验和政策建议》,载《产业经济评论》,2009年第8卷第1辑。
2、阮利:《完善外资并购国家安全审查制度》,载《天津职业院校联合学报》,2009年第3期。
3、聂名华:《美国对跨国并购投资的法制管理》,载《国外社会科学》,2003年第4期。
4、高伟凯、徐力行:《外资并购下发达国家产业安全防范体系的比较研究——对我国装备制造产业安全防范的启示》,载《国际贸易问题》,2008年第1期。
5、韩龙、沈革新:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度的新发展》,载《时代法学》,2010年第5期。
6、姜建明、陈立虎:《WTO例外条款及其法理基础》,载《苏州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》,2007年第2期。
7、曹国红、周宝根:《WTO“安全例外条款”的应用与争论》,载《黑龙江对外经贸》,2009年第8期。
8、蒋姮、伍燕然：《外国投资国家安全审查：美国的新举措及其借鉴》，载《国际经济合作》,2007年第9期
9、纪宝成、刘元春:《对我国产业安全若干问题的看法》,载《经济理论与经济管理》,2006年第9期。
10、张骥、穆书涛:《论经济全球化对国家主权的影响》,载《河北师范大学学报》,2001年第1期。
11、张德修:《论国际间企业并购与国家经济安全》,载《经济研究导刊》,2006年第6期。
12、林永梅:《议美国外资并购国家安全审查制度及对我国的启示》,载《法制与社会》,2009年第2期。
13、贾雄:《新自由主义与国际投资法》,载《和田师范专科学校学报》,2006年第4期。
14、胡盛涛:《寻求投资开放与国家安全的新平衡——美国境内外资并购中的国家安全审查制度及其对中国立法的借鉴》,载《国际经济法学刊》,2007年第1期。
15、刘宁:《论美国国会在中国国有企业并购美国企业过程中的影响———以中海油收购优尼科为案例》,载《长白学刊》,2006年第6期。
16、王银凤、刘和平:《美国外资并购规制及其借鉴》,载《证券市场导报》,2006年第7期。
17、胡海燕:《外资并购国家安全审查:美国的立法对我国的启示》,载《知识经济》,2009年第6期。
18、张广荣:《外国投资中的“国家安全审查”制度探析——从〈反垄断法〉第31条谈起》,载《国际贸易》,2007年第12期。
19、张国平:《外资并购的准入管制和反垄断管制》,载《南京师范大学学报》,2008年第6期。
20、王晓晔:《中华人民共和国反垄断法中经营者集中的分析》,载《法学杂志》,2008年第1期。
21、彭静:《完善我国的外资并购国家安全审查制度》,载《中国商界》,2009年第9期。
22、廖华:《我国外资并购国家安全审查的法律完善》,载《武汉金融》,2008年第6期。
1、李先波:《WTO安全例外条款研究》,湖南师范大学硕士学位论文,2004年。
2、胡丹:《美国外资并购国家安全审查制度法律问题研究》,中国政法大学硕士学位论文,2005年。
3、王少喆：《跨国并购国家安全制度比较研究》，北京大学硕士学位论文，2007年。
4、张琪炜:《外资并购国家安全审查制度研究》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2007年。
5、于永刚:《美国外资并购国家安全审查法律制度探析——兼论我国相关法律制度的构建》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
6、侯芳:《外资并购国家安全审查法律制度研究》,华东政法大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
7、朱雷:《外资并购国家安全审查制度问题研究》,湖南大学硕士学位论文,2009年。
8、周超喆：《外资并购安全审查制度比较研究》，山西大学硕士学位论文，2010年。
9、陈贝:《外资并购国家安全审查制度研究》,河北大学硕士学位论文,2010年。
1、薛松:《中国企业跨境收购失败率全球最高壁垒可能增多》,来源于《广州日报》。
2、古继宝、张英:《中国企业跨国并购交易成败的影响因素》,来源于《经济管理》。
3、《美中贸易全国委员会会长傅强恩:美国欢迎来自中国的直接投资》,来源于《南方日报》。
4、李林、张波、车强东:《海尔在美泰克收购中为什么失败?》,来源于《IT时代周刊》。
5、牛力军:《美中经济安全审查委员会鼓动对华金融战》,来源于《环球人物》杂志。
6、张勇:《加拿大外资并购国家产业安全审查法律制度》,来源于中国贸易交易信息网。
7、《2010年中国企业并购规模创历史新高》,来源于财经网。
8、《清科:中国2010年并购金额348.03亿美元》,来源于一财网。
9、风义:《品牌国际化的政治风险与国家形象──从联想收购IBM案看起》,来源于中国广告网。
10、《小鱼吃大鱼:联想收购IBM个人电脑业务》,来源于央视国际网。
11、《联想收购IBM个人电脑业务意味着什么》,来源于经济之声网。
12、《联想收购IBM PC业务顺利通过美国政府审查》,来源于联想主页。
13、刘恩:《跨国并购中的国家安全审查》,来源于尚公律师事务所网。
14、黄芷蘅:《中国五矿60亿收购加拿大诺兰达受阻内情》,来源于搜狐财经网。
15、韩曙:《美国以“国家安全”为借口无理封杀中国投资》,来源于新华网。
16、唐海燕、胡峰:《美国外国投资安全审查制度的演进及对中国的启示》,来源于中国产业安全指南网。
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2、C.S.Eliot Kang,U.S.Politics and Greater Regulation of Inward Foreign Direct Investment,International Organization,Vol.51(1997).
3、Chris Lalonde,Dubai or not Dubai?: A Review of Foreign Investment and M &A Laws in the U.S. and Canada,Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law,Nov.2008.
4、David Zaring,CFIUS As A Congressional Notification Service,Southern California Law Review,Vol.83(2009).
5、Daniella Markeim,The Need for CFIUS Reform to Address Homeland Security Concerns,Heritage Lectures,No.944,May24,2006.
6、David N. Fagan,The U.S. Regulatory and Institutional Framework for FDI.
7、Deborah M.Mostaghel,Dubai Ports World Under Exon-Florio: A threat to National Security or A Tempest in A Seaport? Albany Law Review.
8、Edward M. Graham and David M. Marchick,US National Security and Foreign Direct Investment,Washington,DC,2006.
9、Garth N. Willison Editor,Foreign Investments In The United States,Nova Science Publishers,Inc. New York,2009.
10、Guy Leopold Kamga Wafo,Political Risk and Foreign Direct Investment, Term Paper,Faculty of Economics and Statistics,University of Konstanz,1998.
11、James A. Lewis,New Objective for CFIUS: Foreign Ownership,Critical Infrastructure , and Communications Interception , Federal Communications Law Journal,Vol.57(2005).
12、James F. F. Carroll,Back to the Future: Redefining the Foreign Investment and National Security Act’s Conception of National Security,Emory International Law Review,2009.
13、Janie Hulse,China Expansion into and U.S. Withdrawal from Argentina’s Telecommunications and Space Industries and the Implications for U.S. National Security,Sep.2007.
14、Jason Cox,Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment After the Dubai Ports Controversy: Has the U.S. Government Finally Figured Out How to Balance Foreign Threats to National Security Without Alienating Foreign Companies? The Journal of Corporation Law,Vol.34(2008).
15、James K. Jackson,Foreign Investment and National Security: Economics Considerations,Congressional Research Service,Feb.2010.
16、Jonn J. Burke,The United States Remains Open to Chinese Investment, From Baker Hostetler.
17、John Bush,The Physical Protection of Critical Infrast -ructures and Key Assets,Feb.2003.
18、Joshua W.Casselman,China’s Latest Threat to the United States: The FailedCNOOC-Unocal Merger and Its Implications for Exon-Florio and CFIUS,2007.
19、Koo George,When Congress Demonizes China,Free Enterprise Suffers, Chinese American Forum,Vol.11(2005).
20、Karl P. Sauvant,FDI Protectionism Is on the Rise.
21、Karl Sauvant,The rise of FDI Protectionism, Koo George,When Congress Demonizes China,Free Enterprise Suffers,Chinese American Forum,Vol.11(2005).
22、Lindsey Graham,How the Congress Views China,The International Economy,Fall,2005.
23、Laws and Policies Regulating Foreign Investment in 10 Countries,Report to the Honorable Richard Shelby,Ranking Member,Committee on Banking,Housing, and Urban Affairs,U.S. Senate. Feb.2008.
24、Mark Katz,Canada’s New Foreign Investment Review Standard Raises Concerns,The Lawyers Weekly,May15,2009.
25、Mark E. Plotkin and David N. Fagan,The Revised National Security Review Process for FDI in the US,Columbia FDI Perspectives,Vol.2(2009).
26、Maeve Dion,Foreign Direct Investment: National Security and the Role of CFIUS,Published in the Journal of Homeland Security,Mar.2009.
27、Matthew R. Byrne,Protecting National Security and Promoting Foreign Investment: Maintaining the Exon-Florio Balance , Ohio State Law Journal , Vol.67(2006).
28、Michael V. Seitzinger,Foreign Investments In The United States: Major fedaral Statutory Restrictions.
29、Muthiah Alagappa , Asian Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influences,Stanford University Press,1998.
30、Michael Petrusic,Oil and the National Security:CNOOC's Failed Bid to Purchase Unocal,North Carolina Law Review,Jul12,2005.
31、Ronald D. Lee,The Dog Doesnt Bark: CFIUS,the National Security Guard Dog With Teeth,The M & A Lawyer,Vol.8(2005).
32、Rahual Prabhakar,Deal-Breaker:FDI,CFIUS,and Congressional Response to State Ownership of Foreign Firms,May13,2009.
33、Richard E. Climan,The Newsletter of the on Negotiated M & A,DEAL POINTS,Vol.2(2006).
34、Steve Lohr,Unocal Bid Opens Up New Issues of Security,The New York Times,July13,2005.
35、Susan W. Liebeler and William H. LashⅢ: Exon-Florio Harbinger of Economic Nationalism? The Cato Review of Business &Government.
36、Source:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD).
37、Steven Globerman and Daniel Shapiro,Economic and Strategic Considerations Surrounding Chinese FDI in the United States.
38、Tenth Roundtable on Freedom of Investment,National Security and“Strategic”Industries,Mar.26,2009.
39、Todd M. Malan,Foreign Investment,Jobs and National Security: The CFIUS Process.
40、Theodore H. Moran,Foreign M & A and National Security: What are Genuine Threats? What are Implausible Worries? A Framework for OCED Countries,and Beyond,From The Peterson Institute for International Economics,Dec.14,2009.
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42、Vaughan Martin,Observers Brace For Foreign M & A of Key Firms,Congress Daily,Feb.10,2006.
43、Weimer,Christopher M,Foreign Direct Investment and National Security Post-FINSA 2007,Texas Law Review,Vol,87 (2009).
44、Wang Wei,Who Politicized the CNOOC Takeover Bid.
45、Wharton,Is CNOOC’s Bid for Unocal a Threat to America?
46、William R. Hawkins,Exclusive:The Sham Dialoge with China.
47、Waite,Frederick P.and Goldberg,M. Roy,National Security Review of Foreign Investment in the United States: An Update on Exon-Florio and the Final Regulations Which Implement It,Florida Journal of International Law,Spring,1991.
48、Yiheng Feng,“We Wouldn’t Transfer Title to the Devil”:Consequences of the Congressional Politicization of Foreign Direct Investment on National Security Grounds,Internatinal Law and Politics,Vol.42 (2009).
1、Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007. (FINSA)
2、31 CFR Part 800 ,Regulations Pertaining to Mergers,M & A, and Takeovers by ForeignPersons; Final Rule.
3、Executive Order 13456—Further Amendment of Executive Order 11858 Concerning Foreign Investment in the United States.
4、Executive Order 11858,as initially issued (President Ford,May 7,1975).
5、The International Emergency Economic Powers Act. (IEEPA)
6、Section 721 of the Defense Production Act of 1950,50 U.S.C. App. 2170(as amended by the Foreign Investment and National Security Act of 2007).