连铸过程钢中夹杂物行为的研究
摘要
本文以涟源钢铁公司三炼钢厂的重点钢种20#钢和LZ06冷轧板钢为研究对象，从以下六个方面进行了连铸过程中钢中夹杂物的行为研究，以期找出减少钢中夹杂物的办法，提高钢的质量。此外，本文还专门讨论了涟钢现用中间包去除夹杂物的功能。
(1) 检验钢水自钢包到中间包过程中，钢水中夹杂的演变过程。
(2) 检验中间包及中间包覆盖剂对夹杂去除效果的影响。
(3) 检验钢水自中间包到结晶器过程中，钢水中夹杂的演变过程。
(4) 检验结晶器保护渣对夹杂物去除效果的影响。
(5) 检验铸坯中夹杂的种类、分布、形貌、粒度以及来源。
(6) 检验经轧制后铸坯中夹杂的粒度、形貌变化。
经检验后得出的结论为：
1、从钢包到中间包，LZ06钢全氧含量平均增加了57.6ppm，氮含量平均增加了21.9ppm，20#钢的全氧含量平均增加了142ppm，氮含量平均增加了30.6ppm；钢液的二次氧化比较严重；有较多的钢包渣进入了中间包；20#钢的电解结果表明，夹杂物总量的平均值从钢包到中间包减少了1／2，说明有较多的夹杂物在中间包内被去除。
2、金相检验结果表明，A、B、C、D四类夹杂物中，大多数夹杂物比较细小，探针检验结果表明铸坯中最大的夹杂物仅为17.7μm，这两个方面可以说明大颗粒夹杂物在中间包可能通过上浮或其他方式被排除掉了，电解结果也表明了这一点，同时也说明中间包覆盖剂对吸附夹杂物起到了一定的作用。
3、从中间包到结晶器的过程中，LZ06钢全氧平均值下降了15ppm，氮含量波动很小，仅上升了2ppm，20#钢的全氧平均值下降了41.6ppm，氮含量几乎没有什么波动，这说明了浸入式水口的使用减轻了钢液的二次氧化现象，同时也说明了结晶器保护渣对夹杂物的吸附作用。
4、将中间包中钢液的全铝含量和铸坯中的全铝含量作比较，LZ06钢全铝平均值由中间包的29.4ppm下降到铸坯的21.8ppm，下降了7.6ppm；20#钢由中间包的25.4ppm下降到铸坯的18.3ppm，下降了7.1ppm，这个结果进一步说明了结晶器保护渣吸附夹杂物的效果比较好。
5、铸坯中的夹杂物主要成分为硅酸盐，其次是硫化物，硫化物的主要成分为硫化锰；夹杂物多呈球状，球外层是硫化锰，球内是硅酸盐，铸坯中几乎看不见单独的Al_2O_3，点状和块状夹杂物多为SiO_2，也有的为MnS，还有少量的FeS；夹杂物的尺寸大多在10μm下，两钢种中夹杂物小于10μm的都达到了94％；大多数夹杂物分布在铸坯中部和距离铸坯內弧侧1／4坯厚处；氧化物夹杂的主要来源为钢包渣、中间包覆盖剂和脱氧产物。
6、经轧制后，外层为MnS，内部为硅酸盐的球状夹杂物变成了纺锤状，也有的塑性夹杂物(例如主成分为MnS的夹杂物)变成了条带状。
7、中间包去除夹杂物的效果比较显著。
20#steel and cold-rolling slab steel(LZ06)are two important products of the third Steelmaking factory of Lianyuan Iron and Steel Corporation.This paper aims at the two steels and studies the behavior of inclusion in steel at the process of continuous casting from below six aspects so that some methods can be expected to improve the quality of steel. Addtionally,this paper discussed the function of the tundish used in Luan steel.
(1) Inspecting the development of inclusion in melt steel when pouring from ladle to tundish.
(2) Inspecting the effect of tundish and the tundish flux on removal of inclusion.
(3) Inspecting the development of inclusion in melt steel when flowing from tundish to mould.
(4) Inspecting the effect of mould flux on removal of inclusion
(5) .Inspecting the sorts ,distribution,size,appearance and origin of inclusion in cast.
(6) Inspecting the change of inclusion's size and appearance in cast after rolled The conclusion:
1. From ladle to tundish ,the average value of the content of TO in LZ06 is increased 57.6ppm and 142ppm in 20# steel .The average value of the content of N in LZ06 is increased 21.9ppm and 30.6ppm in 20# steel. The reoxidation of melt steel is serious.and many slags of the ladle enter the tundish The result of electrolyzing 20# steel shows the gross of inclusion in melt steel is reduced the half ,which indicates many inclusion is removed in tundish.
2.In these four sorts of inclusion-A,B,C and D,most of them are small,which can be seen from the result of metallo graphic examination .the result of probe examination shows the biggest inclusion is only 17.7u m in cast.The two facts can say those big inclusion are maybe removed in tundish by floating or other methods ,which accords with the result of eletrolyzation. These results also show the covering in tundish plays an instrumental role in absorbing inclusion.
3. From tundish to mould, the average value of the content of TO is increased 15ppm in LZ06 and 41.6ppm in 20# steel. However ,the average value of the content of N changed litter with 2ppm increased in LZ06 and almost unchanged in20#.These results show the reoxidation in melt steel is reduced and the flux in the mould absorbing inclusions well.
4 ^ Comparing the content of TA1 of melt steel in tundish and in cast ,the average value of the content of TAl is decreased from 29.4ppm to 21.8ppm and 7.6ppm is reduced in LZ06 .As for 20#,the value is decreased from 25.4ppm to 18.3ppm and 7.1ppm is reduced.The result gives the further confirmation that the flux in mould absorbed inclusion effectively .
5> The main component of inclusions is silicate and sulphide is the second .The main component of sulphide is MnS;Most inclusions are spherical . The outer layer of these spheres is MnS and the inside is silicate .The pure AlaOa inclusion is almost not seen in cast. Among those partical and block inclusions ,most of them are SiO2 and some are MnS and few are FeS;Most inclusions are under lOum.Those
inclusions which are smaller than 10 u m accout for 94% in the two steels; Quite a few inclusions distribute in the center area of cast and the area which is 1/4 thickness of cast distance from the inside arc of cast ;Most oxidate inclusions derive from ladle slags, covering in tundish and the deoxidation of melt steel.
6. After rolled,the spherical inclusions in cast become spindly with MnS in outer layer and silicate in the center. Some plastic inclusions (such as the inclusions whose main component is MnS) become zonal.
7. The effect of tundish removing inclusion is remarkable
(1) 检验钢水自钢包到中间包过程中，钢水中夹杂的演变过程。
(2) 检验中间包及中间包覆盖剂对夹杂去除效果的影响。
(3) 检验钢水自中间包到结晶器过程中，钢水中夹杂的演变过程。
(4) 检验结晶器保护渣对夹杂物去除效果的影响。
(5) 检验铸坯中夹杂的种类、分布、形貌、粒度以及来源。
(6) 检验经轧制后铸坯中夹杂的粒度、形貌变化。
经检验后得出的结论为：
1、从钢包到中间包，LZ06钢全氧含量平均增加了57.6ppm，氮含量平均增加了21.9ppm，20#钢的全氧含量平均增加了142ppm，氮含量平均增加了30.6ppm；钢液的二次氧化比较严重；有较多的钢包渣进入了中间包；20#钢的电解结果表明，夹杂物总量的平均值从钢包到中间包减少了1／2，说明有较多的夹杂物在中间包内被去除。
2、金相检验结果表明，A、B、C、D四类夹杂物中，大多数夹杂物比较细小，探针检验结果表明铸坯中最大的夹杂物仅为17.7μm，这两个方面可以说明大颗粒夹杂物在中间包可能通过上浮或其他方式被排除掉了，电解结果也表明了这一点，同时也说明中间包覆盖剂对吸附夹杂物起到了一定的作用。
3、从中间包到结晶器的过程中，LZ06钢全氧平均值下降了15ppm，氮含量波动很小，仅上升了2ppm，20#钢的全氧平均值下降了41.6ppm，氮含量几乎没有什么波动，这说明了浸入式水口的使用减轻了钢液的二次氧化现象，同时也说明了结晶器保护渣对夹杂物的吸附作用。
4、将中间包中钢液的全铝含量和铸坯中的全铝含量作比较，LZ06钢全铝平均值由中间包的29.4ppm下降到铸坯的21.8ppm，下降了7.6ppm；20#钢由中间包的25.4ppm下降到铸坯的18.3ppm，下降了7.1ppm，这个结果进一步说明了结晶器保护渣吸附夹杂物的效果比较好。
5、铸坯中的夹杂物主要成分为硅酸盐，其次是硫化物，硫化物的主要成分为硫化锰；夹杂物多呈球状，球外层是硫化锰，球内是硅酸盐，铸坯中几乎看不见单独的Al_2O_3，点状和块状夹杂物多为SiO_2，也有的为MnS，还有少量的FeS；夹杂物的尺寸大多在10μm下，两钢种中夹杂物小于10μm的都达到了94％；大多数夹杂物分布在铸坯中部和距离铸坯內弧侧1／4坯厚处；氧化物夹杂的主要来源为钢包渣、中间包覆盖剂和脱氧产物。
6、经轧制后，外层为MnS，内部为硅酸盐的球状夹杂物变成了纺锤状，也有的塑性夹杂物(例如主成分为MnS的夹杂物)变成了条带状。
7、中间包去除夹杂物的效果比较显著。
20#steel and cold-rolling slab steel(LZ06)are two important products of the third Steelmaking factory of Lianyuan Iron and Steel Corporation.This paper aims at the two steels and studies the behavior of inclusion in steel at the process of continuous casting from below six aspects so that some methods can be expected to improve the quality of steel. Addtionally,this paper discussed the function of the tundish used in Luan steel.
(1) Inspecting the development of inclusion in melt steel when pouring from ladle to tundish.
(2) Inspecting the effect of tundish and the tundish flux on removal of inclusion.
(3) Inspecting the development of inclusion in melt steel when flowing from tundish to mould.
(4) Inspecting the effect of mould flux on removal of inclusion
(5) .Inspecting the sorts ,distribution,size,appearance and origin of inclusion in cast.
(6) Inspecting the change of inclusion's size and appearance in cast after rolled The conclusion:
1. From ladle to tundish ,the average value of the content of TO in LZ06 is increased 57.6ppm and 142ppm in 20# steel .The average value of the content of N in LZ06 is increased 21.9ppm and 30.6ppm in 20# steel. The reoxidation of melt steel is serious.and many slags of the ladle enter the tundish The result of electrolyzing 20# steel shows the gross of inclusion in melt steel is reduced the half ,which indicates many inclusion is removed in tundish.
2.In these four sorts of inclusion-A,B,C and D,most of them are small,which can be seen from the result of metallo graphic examination .the result of probe examination shows the biggest inclusion is only 17.7u m in cast.The two facts can say those big inclusion are maybe removed in tundish by floating or other methods ,which accords with the result of eletrolyzation. These results also show the covering in tundish plays an instrumental role in absorbing inclusion.
3. From tundish to mould, the average value of the content of TO is increased 15ppm in LZ06 and 41.6ppm in 20# steel. However ,the average value of the content of N changed litter with 2ppm increased in LZ06 and almost unchanged in20#.These results show the reoxidation in melt steel is reduced and the flux in the mould absorbing inclusions well.
4 ^ Comparing the content of TA1 of melt steel in tundish and in cast ,the average value of the content of TAl is decreased from 29.4ppm to 21.8ppm and 7.6ppm is reduced in LZ06 .As for 20#,the value is decreased from 25.4ppm to 18.3ppm and 7.1ppm is reduced.The result gives the further confirmation that the flux in mould absorbed inclusion effectively .
5> The main component of inclusions is silicate and sulphide is the second .The main component of sulphide is MnS;Most inclusions are spherical . The outer layer of these spheres is MnS and the inside is silicate .The pure AlaOa inclusion is almost not seen in cast. Among those partical and block inclusions ,most of them are SiO2 and some are MnS and few are FeS;Most inclusions are under lOum.Those
inclusions which are smaller than 10 u m accout for 94% in the two steels; Quite a few inclusions distribute in the center area of cast and the area which is 1/4 thickness of cast distance from the inside arc of cast ;Most oxidate inclusions derive from ladle slags, covering in tundish and the deoxidation of melt steel.
6. After rolled,the spherical inclusions in cast become spindly with MnS in outer layer and silicate in the center. Some plastic inclusions (such as the inclusions whose main component is MnS) become zonal.
7. The effect of tundish removing inclusion is remarkable
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