天然彩色棉品种纤维品质性状形成特征及生长调节剂调节效应研究
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摘要
本文于2006-2007年在扬州大学农学院试验农场进行,供试品种为棕色棉品种“湘彩棉2号”、绿色棉品种“皖棉39号”,以白色常规棉品种“苏棉9号”为对照,同时设置生长调节剂6-BA、ABA和GA3三个处理,研究天然彩色棉纤维品质形成特点,探讨生长调节剂处理对彩色棉纤维品质的影响及调节机制。研究结果如下:
1、在纤维发育与品质形成方面,棕色棉品种纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、成熟度都高于绿色棉品种。与白棉苏棉9号相比:(1)棕色棉品种纤维伸长期较长,棕、绿色棉在纤维快速伸长期内纤维长度日增长量低,其中绿色棉又低于棕色棉。(2)彩色棉品种纤维比强度低,在接近成熟期是彩色棉纤维比强度形成的关键期,且纤维比强度形成时间晚。(3)彩色棉品种马克隆值在快速形成期内(花后0-30d)纤维马克隆值增长速率较低,其中又以绿色棉最低。(4)彩色棉品种成熟度低、形成时间较晚。总体上彩色棉纤维品质明显低于白色棉,且绿色棉各项品质指标与白棉苏9相差更大。
2、生长调节剂处理改善了彩色棉纤维品质。(1)GA3处理增加了纤维长度,成熟期棕、绿色棉纤维长度均已超过白棉苏9(29.00mm),分别达到31.46mm和29.12mm,而6-BA和ABA处理彩色棉纤维长度减短。(2)6-BA处理明显增加了彩色棉纤维比强度,但与对照白棉相比均还有一定的差距;ABA处理纤维比强度降低,而GA3处理影响不明显。(3)6-BA、ABA、GA3三个处理均提高了彩色棉纤维马克隆值,其中以ABA处理提高的幅度最大,成熟期ABA处理棕、绿色棉纤维马克隆值分别达4.62和4.82,均超过了对照白棉苏9(4.32)。(4)各处理对成熟度的影响与马克隆值趋势一致,成熟期ABA处理棕、绿色棉纤维成熟度大幅度提高,分别达到1.82和1.77,较对照白棉苏9分别高0.26和0.21。
3、生长调节剂调节了彩色棉棉铃果枝对位叶、棉铃的生理活性。(1)增加了叶片中叶绿素含量,提高了叶片光合速率,增加了叶片中可溶性糖、蔗糖含量,使其向棉铃供应的光和产物增多,为棉铃的发育和棉纤维品质的提高提供更多的养分。(2)增大了棉铃体积、提高了铃重、降低了铃壳增长率,提高了棉铃发育质量。(3)降低了花后铃壳中可溶性糖、蔗糖增长率,使铃壳中养分外运强度增大,有利于养分持续不断足量的向籽棉供给。(4)使纤维中ATP酶活性、蔗糖转化酶活性、UDPG焦磷酸化酶活性提高,使纤维中纤维素含量大幅度增加。(5)生长调节剂6-BA、ABA、GA3处理均使花后10d、20d纤维中IAA含量大量增加,GA3处理使花后10d、40d纤维中GA3含量增加,6-BA、ABA、GA3处理均使花后各时期棉纤维中ABA含量均大量增加,6-BA和ABA处理使花后10d、40d纤维中ZR含量增加。相关分析表明,纤维中IAA含量、GA3含量与纤维长度均呈正相关关系(r=0.9599,r=0.8584);纤维中ABA含量分别与纤维比强度和成熟度呈正相关关系(r=0.9200,r=0.8955);ZR含量分别与纤维成熟度、纤维长度成正、负相关关系(r=0.8760,r=-0.9295),说明生长调节剂处理调节了彩色棉棉铃内源激素系统,提高了纤维发育质量,改善了纤维品质。
This field experiment was coducted in the Experiment Station of Yangzhou University in 2006-2007 to investigate the development characteristics of fiber quality, the effect and physiological mechanism of growth regulators on the fiber in Nature-colored cotton. Two Nature-colored cotton cultivars were selected as experimental matrrials, which were XiangcaiNo2.(brown) and Wanmian39.(green), using Sumian No.9 (white) as the check . The main results were as follows:
1, On the aspect of the development characteristics of fiber quality , the fiber length , strength, micronaire, maturity of the brown cotton were higher than the green one.In comparation to the check of Sumian No.9, the fiber development characteristics of Nature-colored cottons were different.(1)The fiber length of brown cotton was longer, the brown and the green cotton cultivars had lower the fiber elonging rate in the fastest development period, and the fiber length of the green cotton was shortest. (2)The fiber strength was lower for Nature-colored cottons and the key period of the strength development was during the fiber extension. (3) The fiber micronaire of Nature-colored cottons inceased faster during 0 to 30 DAF,but the increasing rate of the fiber micronaire were lower and that of the green one was lowest. (4)The fiber maturity was lower and the development period of the maturity was longer for Natrue-colored cottons. Compared to the white cotton cultivar, the fiber quility of Natrue-colored cottons were almost low, and the quality of the green cotton were lower than that of brown one.
2, The fiber quility of Nature-colored cottons were inproved by spraying three growth regulors. (1) The fiber length of the brown and the green cotton were 31.46mm and 29.12 mm respectively by application of GA3, that of the white cotton was only 29.0 mm. Compared to the check, the fiber length of the colored cottons decreased with application of 6-BA and ABA. (2)Although the fiber strength was significantly increased with application of 6-BA, it was still lower than that of the white cotton.The fiber strength decreased with application of ABA, and there was no significant effect by application of GA3. (3) The fiber micronaire increased with spraying of 6-BA, ABA or GA3, and the effect of ABA was biggest. The fiber micronaires of the brown and the green cotton bolstered 4.62 and 4.82 respectively with application of ABA, that of white cotton was only 4.32. (4) The trend of the fiber maturity increase was coincident with the fiber micronaire by application of three regultors. The fiber maturity of the brown and the green cotton bolstered 1.82 and 1.77 with application of ABA, that of white cotton was only1.56.
3, The application of the three growth regulators increased the physiology activities of the boll and it’s oppsite leaf for the colored cottons. (1)The chlorophyll, soluble suger and sucrose content in the oppsite leaves enhanced. Photosynthetic rate was increased and exportation of the carbohydrates to the bolls were bolstered. (2)The boll volume and boll weight were increased, and the increase rate of boll shell’s weight decreased. (3) The increase rates of soluble sugar and sucrose contents were decreased in boll shell and the exportation rate was enhanced.(4)The activity of ATP enzyme, the Sucrose Synthase and the UDPG–pyophosphorylase were enhanced in the fiber. (5) The fiber IAA contents at 10 and 20 DAF for the colored cottons were increased significantly with application of 6-BA, ABA and GA3. The fiber ABA contents for the colored cottons after flowering were also significantly increased by application of the three regulators. The fiber GA3 contents were increased at 10 and 40 DAF for the colored cottons with application of 6-BA and ABA, and the fiber ZR contents at 10 and 40 DAF for the colored cottons were increased either.There were significant positive correlation between the contents of IAA , GA3 in the fiber and the fiber length (r=0.9599,r=0.8584). There were also significant positive correlation between the fiber ABA content and fiber strength, fiber maturity respectively(r=9200,r=0.8955). The fiber ZR content were positive correlation significantly with the fiber maturity(r=0.8760) and negtive correlation significantly with the fiber length (r=-0.9259). The above results indicated that the growth substance adjusted the endogenous hormonal system of the boll, which enhanced the developing quality of the fiber and improved fiber quality of the whole plant for Nature-colored cotton.
1、在纤维发育与品质形成方面,棕色棉品种纤维长度、比强度、马克隆值、成熟度都高于绿色棉品种。与白棉苏棉9号相比:(1)棕色棉品种纤维伸长期较长,棕、绿色棉在纤维快速伸长期内纤维长度日增长量低,其中绿色棉又低于棕色棉。(2)彩色棉品种纤维比强度低,在接近成熟期是彩色棉纤维比强度形成的关键期,且纤维比强度形成时间晚。(3)彩色棉品种马克隆值在快速形成期内(花后0-30d)纤维马克隆值增长速率较低,其中又以绿色棉最低。(4)彩色棉品种成熟度低、形成时间较晚。总体上彩色棉纤维品质明显低于白色棉,且绿色棉各项品质指标与白棉苏9相差更大。
2、生长调节剂处理改善了彩色棉纤维品质。(1)GA3处理增加了纤维长度,成熟期棕、绿色棉纤维长度均已超过白棉苏9(29.00mm),分别达到31.46mm和29.12mm,而6-BA和ABA处理彩色棉纤维长度减短。(2)6-BA处理明显增加了彩色棉纤维比强度,但与对照白棉相比均还有一定的差距;ABA处理纤维比强度降低,而GA3处理影响不明显。(3)6-BA、ABA、GA3三个处理均提高了彩色棉纤维马克隆值,其中以ABA处理提高的幅度最大,成熟期ABA处理棕、绿色棉纤维马克隆值分别达4.62和4.82,均超过了对照白棉苏9(4.32)。(4)各处理对成熟度的影响与马克隆值趋势一致,成熟期ABA处理棕、绿色棉纤维成熟度大幅度提高,分别达到1.82和1.77,较对照白棉苏9分别高0.26和0.21。
3、生长调节剂调节了彩色棉棉铃果枝对位叶、棉铃的生理活性。(1)增加了叶片中叶绿素含量,提高了叶片光合速率,增加了叶片中可溶性糖、蔗糖含量,使其向棉铃供应的光和产物增多,为棉铃的发育和棉纤维品质的提高提供更多的养分。(2)增大了棉铃体积、提高了铃重、降低了铃壳增长率,提高了棉铃发育质量。(3)降低了花后铃壳中可溶性糖、蔗糖增长率,使铃壳中养分外运强度增大,有利于养分持续不断足量的向籽棉供给。(4)使纤维中ATP酶活性、蔗糖转化酶活性、UDPG焦磷酸化酶活性提高,使纤维中纤维素含量大幅度增加。(5)生长调节剂6-BA、ABA、GA3处理均使花后10d、20d纤维中IAA含量大量增加,GA3处理使花后10d、40d纤维中GA3含量增加,6-BA、ABA、GA3处理均使花后各时期棉纤维中ABA含量均大量增加,6-BA和ABA处理使花后10d、40d纤维中ZR含量增加。相关分析表明,纤维中IAA含量、GA3含量与纤维长度均呈正相关关系(r=0.9599,r=0.8584);纤维中ABA含量分别与纤维比强度和成熟度呈正相关关系(r=0.9200,r=0.8955);ZR含量分别与纤维成熟度、纤维长度成正、负相关关系(r=0.8760,r=-0.9295),说明生长调节剂处理调节了彩色棉棉铃内源激素系统,提高了纤维发育质量,改善了纤维品质。
This field experiment was coducted in the Experiment Station of Yangzhou University in 2006-2007 to investigate the development characteristics of fiber quality, the effect and physiological mechanism of growth regulators on the fiber in Nature-colored cotton. Two Nature-colored cotton cultivars were selected as experimental matrrials, which were XiangcaiNo2.(brown) and Wanmian39.(green), using Sumian No.9 (white) as the check . The main results were as follows:
1, On the aspect of the development characteristics of fiber quality , the fiber length , strength, micronaire, maturity of the brown cotton were higher than the green one.In comparation to the check of Sumian No.9, the fiber development characteristics of Nature-colored cottons were different.(1)The fiber length of brown cotton was longer, the brown and the green cotton cultivars had lower the fiber elonging rate in the fastest development period, and the fiber length of the green cotton was shortest. (2)The fiber strength was lower for Nature-colored cottons and the key period of the strength development was during the fiber extension. (3) The fiber micronaire of Nature-colored cottons inceased faster during 0 to 30 DAF,but the increasing rate of the fiber micronaire were lower and that of the green one was lowest. (4)The fiber maturity was lower and the development period of the maturity was longer for Natrue-colored cottons. Compared to the white cotton cultivar, the fiber quility of Natrue-colored cottons were almost low, and the quality of the green cotton were lower than that of brown one.
2, The fiber quility of Nature-colored cottons were inproved by spraying three growth regulors. (1) The fiber length of the brown and the green cotton were 31.46mm and 29.12 mm respectively by application of GA3, that of the white cotton was only 29.0 mm. Compared to the check, the fiber length of the colored cottons decreased with application of 6-BA and ABA. (2)Although the fiber strength was significantly increased with application of 6-BA, it was still lower than that of the white cotton.The fiber strength decreased with application of ABA, and there was no significant effect by application of GA3. (3) The fiber micronaire increased with spraying of 6-BA, ABA or GA3, and the effect of ABA was biggest. The fiber micronaires of the brown and the green cotton bolstered 4.62 and 4.82 respectively with application of ABA, that of white cotton was only 4.32. (4) The trend of the fiber maturity increase was coincident with the fiber micronaire by application of three regultors. The fiber maturity of the brown and the green cotton bolstered 1.82 and 1.77 with application of ABA, that of white cotton was only1.56.
3, The application of the three growth regulators increased the physiology activities of the boll and it’s oppsite leaf for the colored cottons. (1)The chlorophyll, soluble suger and sucrose content in the oppsite leaves enhanced. Photosynthetic rate was increased and exportation of the carbohydrates to the bolls were bolstered. (2)The boll volume and boll weight were increased, and the increase rate of boll shell’s weight decreased. (3) The increase rates of soluble sugar and sucrose contents were decreased in boll shell and the exportation rate was enhanced.(4)The activity of ATP enzyme, the Sucrose Synthase and the UDPG–pyophosphorylase were enhanced in the fiber. (5) The fiber IAA contents at 10 and 20 DAF for the colored cottons were increased significantly with application of 6-BA, ABA and GA3. The fiber ABA contents for the colored cottons after flowering were also significantly increased by application of the three regulators. The fiber GA3 contents were increased at 10 and 40 DAF for the colored cottons with application of 6-BA and ABA, and the fiber ZR contents at 10 and 40 DAF for the colored cottons were increased either.There were significant positive correlation between the contents of IAA , GA3 in the fiber and the fiber length (r=0.9599,r=0.8584). There were also significant positive correlation between the fiber ABA content and fiber strength, fiber maturity respectively(r=9200,r=0.8955). The fiber ZR content were positive correlation significantly with the fiber maturity(r=0.8760) and negtive correlation significantly with the fiber length (r=-0.9259). The above results indicated that the growth substance adjusted the endogenous hormonal system of the boll, which enhanced the developing quality of the fiber and improved fiber quality of the whole plant for Nature-colored cotton.
引文
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