温度作用下连续配筋混凝土路面受力性能研究
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摘要
连续配筋混凝土路面(Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement,简称CRCP),是在水泥混凝土面板内沿纵向配置一定数量的连续钢筋。施工过程中不设置横缝,至少在同一车道上形成一条完整而平坦的路面表面,从而改善了汽车行驶的舒适性。混凝土板内连续钢筋能有效地约束混凝土因温缩和干缩引起的变形,使收缩裂缝分散在更多的部位。同时连续钢筋能够使裂缝位置处的混凝土保持紧密接触,极大的减小了裂缝宽度,在宏观上如同无缝的路面一样,使混凝土路面的整体性和刚度得到较大的提高。是一种适合于重载交通的混凝土路面结构形式。
为了准确计算CRCP横向裂缝的分布和发展规律,基于力法的基本理论在现有研究成果的基础上,建立了考虑钢筋混凝土间的粘结滑移、地基摩阻力效应影响以及锚固地梁约束作用的CRCP在温缩和混凝土干缩作用下应力和位移的解析解。与现有的计算理论进行了对比,表明采用全路段联合作用进行温度效应计算更为合理,可靠。
基于位移法的基本思想推导了设置伸缩缝的在CRCP各个裂缝段的联合作用下考虑温度梯度现象的解析解。并利用两个解析表达式研究了主要设计参数对计算结果的影响。
为了进一步分析材料非线性对温缩和干缩裂缝的影响,基于接触理论,按照CRCP整体结构的实际状态,推导了一种新型的有限元刚度方程,利用有限元解分析了横向裂缝的发展规律,将计算结果与现有观测数据进行了对比,对比结果表明有限元解能够很好的预测CRCP裂缝的分布和发展规律。
The transverse cracks of CRCP is mainly caused by temperature shrinkage and concrete shrinkage.The slab of concrete pavement which is constrained by the foundation,lug and continuous longitudinal steel bars in the board can’t deform freely. In order to accurately calculate the distribution and law of development of the CRCP’s transverse cracks , based on the elementary theory of force method,on the foundation of existing research, considering the impact of foundation frictional resistance and the bond-slip effect between reinforced steel bar and concrete, and also considering the combined effect of every cracks and lug, the analytical solution of stress and displacement at any part of the CRCP is obtained.Compare to the existing compute theroy,it is more reasonable and reliable using the joint action of the entire road section for temperature effect compution. Make use of the analytical solution,the mechanical property of CRCP which is under the temperature shrinkage and concrete shrinkage have been studied and obtained the following conclusions:the larger the steel bar diameter is and the smaller the ratio of reinforcement is, the poorer integrity of CRCP is.Using“small dimeter and more numbers of steel bars”, contact area between concrete and steel bars is increased, in the same time,the deforming ability of concrete which is constrained by the steel bars is improved.And then the slip between concrete and steel bars is decreased, the load transmission ablity of steel bars between every cracks have also been increased,therefore the resistance of deformation is improved and strengthen the integral performance of the road pavement.According to the increasing of restraining action of the lug,the foundation frictional resistance and the stress of lug is also increasing,leading to the width of cracks is reduced;With the increasing of slab thickness,the maximum stress of concrete and steel bars gradually reduced,and width of cracks is increasing.With the development of slab thickness,the internal forces of the foundation frictional resistance and lug is increasing,so it shows that the thicker the slab is,the more require of lug system is.
According to the increasing of foundation frictional resistance coefficient,the stress of concrete and steel bars is also increasing.It means that with the increase of foundation frictional resistance,the deform ablity of CRCP which is constrained by the foundation and under temperature shrinkage is developed,and the width of cracks is also increased,so the load of the lug is relieved apprently and the maximum internal force of lug is reduced greatly.
The stress of concrete and steel bars which is closing to the end of the lug is sensitive to the scale factors of foundation soil surrounded lug,but the scale factors of foundation soil has little effect to the stress of concrete and steel bars which is at the middle of the road section,and have finite effect to the numbers and width of cracks which is appeared in the middle of the road section, the scale factors of foundation soil also have large effect to the mechanical property of lug system.With the increase of scale factors,the anchorage ability of lug is strengtened,the internal force of lug which is under temperature shrinkage is increased,therefore the lug must have sufficient bending stiffness and bearing capacity at the design phase.
The anchorage ability of pavement lug system can be increased effectively by augmented the size of lug which is closing to the end of the road section,and the foundation frictional resistance is also reduced,but in this case,the load of lug itself has been increased.When the thickness of lug is over 70 cm,it has little effect to anchorage ability.Compare to increasing the thickness of lug,increasing the deepth of lug is more efficent to improve the anchorage ability.However,increasing the deepth of lug,the thickness of lug must be increased properly as well,so the lug have the sufficient stiffness to resistent the bending moment .
Basing on Displacement method, the warpage analytical solution of the CRCP derived by temperature is given,then analyze stress state of the CRCP with the the expansion joints in the case of seasons and sunshine temperature difference.In addition, the temperature stress and displacement of the CRCP with expansion joints about an actual projects is computed.And concluded that: The temperature displacement in CRCP tip with expansion joints increases due to the lack of lug restraints;the temperature gradient significant affect the stress on the concrete cross-section, especially the temperature warpage phenomenon can not be ignored in the end within the anchorage zone; the increasing of reinforcement rate and pavement thickness will result in a larger displacement and a longer anchorage zone in the end; we can through increasing the bar diameter and ground friction coefficient to reduce the displacement and the anchorage length in the end. The results provides more reliable theoretical basis for the future design.
In order to analyze material nonlinearity of the impact of temperature shrinkage and shrinkage cracks, a new type of unit and its stiffness equations based on contact theory is established.It was established in accordance the actual work state of CRCP structure.it can deal with the presence of cracks, indicated foundation friction resistance at the bottom of concrete slab actually, indicated the actual arranged location of steel bars(not necessarily arranged in neutral layer).Considering bar&concrete adhesive stress and foundation friction resistance nonlinear constitutive relation and linear constitutive relation ,the author separately use finite element method to calculate. Results show that the difference between the two situation was large, CRCP design should take into account non-linear effects. Then the author used finite element method to analyze transverse cracks development, the calculation results were compared with available observational data.The Comparing results show that the finite element solution can be a very good prediction of the distribution and development of cracks in CRCP. It is a reliable and practical method.
The author investigated the impact on the CRCP top surface stress affected by vertical location of the reinforcement.The calculation results showed that the continuous axial reinforcement should be arranged at a distance to the top of 1/2~1/3 thickness,when the stress minimum, verified the principles in standard. The author also analyzed development of CRCP cracks in the Changchun area which constructed in the different month.The average crack spacing decreased increases with time gradually increases;the number of cracks were gradually increased; crack spacing reduced rate changes over time more and more slowly, new cracks add fewer and fewer.Under normal circumstances, the development of cracks after a year of an overall cooling process, gradually stabilized.
为了准确计算CRCP横向裂缝的分布和发展规律,基于力法的基本理论在现有研究成果的基础上,建立了考虑钢筋混凝土间的粘结滑移、地基摩阻力效应影响以及锚固地梁约束作用的CRCP在温缩和混凝土干缩作用下应力和位移的解析解。与现有的计算理论进行了对比,表明采用全路段联合作用进行温度效应计算更为合理,可靠。
基于位移法的基本思想推导了设置伸缩缝的在CRCP各个裂缝段的联合作用下考虑温度梯度现象的解析解。并利用两个解析表达式研究了主要设计参数对计算结果的影响。
为了进一步分析材料非线性对温缩和干缩裂缝的影响,基于接触理论,按照CRCP整体结构的实际状态,推导了一种新型的有限元刚度方程,利用有限元解分析了横向裂缝的发展规律,将计算结果与现有观测数据进行了对比,对比结果表明有限元解能够很好的预测CRCP裂缝的分布和发展规律。
The transverse cracks of CRCP is mainly caused by temperature shrinkage and concrete shrinkage.The slab of concrete pavement which is constrained by the foundation,lug and continuous longitudinal steel bars in the board can’t deform freely. In order to accurately calculate the distribution and law of development of the CRCP’s transverse cracks , based on the elementary theory of force method,on the foundation of existing research, considering the impact of foundation frictional resistance and the bond-slip effect between reinforced steel bar and concrete, and also considering the combined effect of every cracks and lug, the analytical solution of stress and displacement at any part of the CRCP is obtained.Compare to the existing compute theroy,it is more reasonable and reliable using the joint action of the entire road section for temperature effect compution. Make use of the analytical solution,the mechanical property of CRCP which is under the temperature shrinkage and concrete shrinkage have been studied and obtained the following conclusions:the larger the steel bar diameter is and the smaller the ratio of reinforcement is, the poorer integrity of CRCP is.Using“small dimeter and more numbers of steel bars”, contact area between concrete and steel bars is increased, in the same time,the deforming ability of concrete which is constrained by the steel bars is improved.And then the slip between concrete and steel bars is decreased, the load transmission ablity of steel bars between every cracks have also been increased,therefore the resistance of deformation is improved and strengthen the integral performance of the road pavement.According to the increasing of restraining action of the lug,the foundation frictional resistance and the stress of lug is also increasing,leading to the width of cracks is reduced;With the increasing of slab thickness,the maximum stress of concrete and steel bars gradually reduced,and width of cracks is increasing.With the development of slab thickness,the internal forces of the foundation frictional resistance and lug is increasing,so it shows that the thicker the slab is,the more require of lug system is.
According to the increasing of foundation frictional resistance coefficient,the stress of concrete and steel bars is also increasing.It means that with the increase of foundation frictional resistance,the deform ablity of CRCP which is constrained by the foundation and under temperature shrinkage is developed,and the width of cracks is also increased,so the load of the lug is relieved apprently and the maximum internal force of lug is reduced greatly.
The stress of concrete and steel bars which is closing to the end of the lug is sensitive to the scale factors of foundation soil surrounded lug,but the scale factors of foundation soil has little effect to the stress of concrete and steel bars which is at the middle of the road section,and have finite effect to the numbers and width of cracks which is appeared in the middle of the road section, the scale factors of foundation soil also have large effect to the mechanical property of lug system.With the increase of scale factors,the anchorage ability of lug is strengtened,the internal force of lug which is under temperature shrinkage is increased,therefore the lug must have sufficient bending stiffness and bearing capacity at the design phase.
The anchorage ability of pavement lug system can be increased effectively by augmented the size of lug which is closing to the end of the road section,and the foundation frictional resistance is also reduced,but in this case,the load of lug itself has been increased.When the thickness of lug is over 70 cm,it has little effect to anchorage ability.Compare to increasing the thickness of lug,increasing the deepth of lug is more efficent to improve the anchorage ability.However,increasing the deepth of lug,the thickness of lug must be increased properly as well,so the lug have the sufficient stiffness to resistent the bending moment .
Basing on Displacement method, the warpage analytical solution of the CRCP derived by temperature is given,then analyze stress state of the CRCP with the the expansion joints in the case of seasons and sunshine temperature difference.In addition, the temperature stress and displacement of the CRCP with expansion joints about an actual projects is computed.And concluded that: The temperature displacement in CRCP tip with expansion joints increases due to the lack of lug restraints;the temperature gradient significant affect the stress on the concrete cross-section, especially the temperature warpage phenomenon can not be ignored in the end within the anchorage zone; the increasing of reinforcement rate and pavement thickness will result in a larger displacement and a longer anchorage zone in the end; we can through increasing the bar diameter and ground friction coefficient to reduce the displacement and the anchorage length in the end. The results provides more reliable theoretical basis for the future design.
In order to analyze material nonlinearity of the impact of temperature shrinkage and shrinkage cracks, a new type of unit and its stiffness equations based on contact theory is established.It was established in accordance the actual work state of CRCP structure.it can deal with the presence of cracks, indicated foundation friction resistance at the bottom of concrete slab actually, indicated the actual arranged location of steel bars(not necessarily arranged in neutral layer).Considering bar&concrete adhesive stress and foundation friction resistance nonlinear constitutive relation and linear constitutive relation ,the author separately use finite element method to calculate. Results show that the difference between the two situation was large, CRCP design should take into account non-linear effects. Then the author used finite element method to analyze transverse cracks development, the calculation results were compared with available observational data.The Comparing results show that the finite element solution can be a very good prediction of the distribution and development of cracks in CRCP. It is a reliable and practical method.
The author investigated the impact on the CRCP top surface stress affected by vertical location of the reinforcement.The calculation results showed that the continuous axial reinforcement should be arranged at a distance to the top of 1/2~1/3 thickness,when the stress minimum, verified the principles in standard. The author also analyzed development of CRCP cracks in the Changchun area which constructed in the different month.The average crack spacing decreased increases with time gradually increases;the number of cracks were gradually increased; crack spacing reduced rate changes over time more and more slowly, new cracks add fewer and fewer.Under normal circumstances, the development of cracks after a year of an overall cooling process, gradually stabilized.
引文
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