陡长上坡路段沥青路面车辙的形成机理与防治对策研究
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摘要
随着高速公路不断向山区延伸,路线设计中不可避免会遇到“长”、“陡”坡的问题,而陡长坡路段车辙病害更加严重,极大地影响了行车安全和通行能力,成为高速公路的“瓶颈”。因此开展陡长坡路段沥青路面车辙机理及其防治对策研究,不仅必要而且十分迫切。
本文从陡长坡路段车辆行驶状态出发,提出了不同条件下的坡度及坡长限值；通过对典型陡长上坡路段车辙病害实地调查和室内试验,分析并阐释了陡长上坡路段沥青路面车辙分布规律的影响因素,发现重载车慢速行驶时产生车辙的核心因素,而车速慢的原因在于纵坡坡陡或(和)坡长。通过对车辙病害影响因素的研究,提出以多轴重载、慢速交通等为对象研究长大纵坡车辙病害形成机理。
通过不同温度和应力水平下的静载蠕变试验研究,分析了应力、温度和时间对沥青混合料蠕变影响的等效性,应用非线性粘弹性体的应力-温度-时间等效原理,推导了沥青混合料恒应力温度移位因子、恒温度应力移位因子以及温度-应力联合移位因子的数学表达,并以AC20沥青混合料的试验数据为依据进行了验证。
根据陡长坡路段重载、慢速交通特性,进行了沥青路面永久变形的数值模拟,分析了轴载、速度和累计轴载作用次数对路表车辙、沥青面层各层永久变形以及路面剪应力和等效蠕变应变的影响,建立了路表车辙与了轴载、速度和累计轴载作用次数的回归关系式,而沥青面层各层产生的车辙与路面剪应力和等效蠕变应变的分布密切相关,各层永久变形所占比例现场调查的结论一致。
通过移动荷载模拟车辆爬坡过程,研究了多轴重载以及夏季轮胎参数异化条件下沥青路面的力学响应。研究结果认为悬轴车将前轴荷载均匀施加在中轴和后轴,对路面影响显著增加,表现为竖向最大位移、剪应力峰值、压应力峰值均明显增大；随着温度的升高,由胎压变化引起的路面各项力学指标的增幅近10%,最大剪应力分布在路表由轮隙向轮心处迁移,沿路面深度方向由轮心处下中面层位置向路表迁移。
通过对沥青胶浆高温特性、细集料填充效应、粗集料骨架效应的分析和研究,提出了陡长坡路段抗车辙沥青混合料的多尺度优化设计方法；并采用模糊数学综合评判方法,优选了改性剂类型,并将优选的改性剂和硬质沥青应用于陡长坡路段沥青路面的材料组成设计,而室内试验结果表明采用改性剂和硬质沥青后,沥青混合料的模量提高,蠕变性能得到改善,可以大幅降低路表车辙。
最后,结合前文有关长大纵坡车辙病害形成机理分析,从主动防治对策、路面结构和材料优化设计及高温时段交通控制多角度提出长大纵坡车辙病害防治体系。
Rutting has been one of major early diseases in asphalt pavement. With freeway extending to mountain areas, the road designers inevitably encounter the problem of "long" and "steep" slopes in designing highways. However, rut in steep and long slope sections is more serious, which affects traffic safety greatly. Therefore, studying the formation mechanism and control measures of rut in long and steep slope sections of asphalt pavement is not only necessary, but also urgent.
From driving state of vehicles in steep and long slope sections, the maximum ideal slope, maximum slope of unlimited length and restriction of maximum slope length were proposed under different altitude conditions. Through field investigations and laboratory tests for rut in uphill sections of typical steep and long slope, the influence factors of rut distribution laws were analyzed and interpreted in uphill sections of steep and long slope for asphalt pavement. The reason why the heavy vehicles run slowly was that the slopes were steep and long. In addition, the formation mechanism of rut in long and steep slopes was studied taking multi-axis heavy load and slow traffic as researched objects by studying the influence factors of rut.
The static load creep test was carried out under different temperatures and stresses, and the equivalence of stress, temperature and time on the creep of asphalt mixture was analyzed. The mathematical expression of the joint displacement factor The temperature shift factor under constant stress, stress shift factor under constant temperature and connected shift factor under temperature and stress of asphalt mixture were deduced by the stress-temperature-time equivalence principle nonlinear viscoelastic body, and experimental data based on asphalt mixtures of AC-20 were used to verify it.
According to the traffic characteristics of heavy load and slow speed in steep and long slope sections, numerical simulation of rut in asphalt pavement was carried out. And the influences of axle load, speed and number of cumulative axle load on the surface rut, permanent deformation in each layer of asphalt pavement, shear stress in pavement and equivalent creep strain were analyzed. The regression equation between surface rut and axle load, speed and number of cumulative axle load was established. However, rut in each layer of asphalt pavement was closely related to shear stress in pavement and distribution of equivalent creep strain, and the proportion of permanent deformation in each layer was consistent with the conclusions of field investigation.
Mechanical responses of asphalt pavement were studied by simulating the process of climbing slopes with moving load under multi-axis heavy load and alienation of tires parameters in summer to the traffic characteristics of heavy load and overload. The results indicated that the front axle load of suspending axle vehicles was evenly applied to middle axle and rear axle which increased the influences on pavement significantly, and the influences included that the maximum vertical displacement, the peak of shear stress and the peak of conpressive stress increased significantly. As temperature increased, the mechanical indexes of pavement caused by the changes of tire pressure increased by nearly 10%. The distribution of maximum shear stress moved from wheel gap to wheel center on surface and moved from intermediate surface layer and lower surface layer under wheel center to surface along depth direction.
Through studying high-temperature properties of asphalt mastic, filling effect of fine aggregates and skeleton effect of coarse aggregates, the optimal design method of asphalt mixtures for rut resistance was presented in steep and long slope sections. The type of modifier was selected using comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy math and then the optimal modifier and hard asphalt were used in material composition design of asphalt pavement in steep and long slope sections. And the results from laboratory test showed that the modulus of asphalt mixtures increased, creep performance was improved and surface rut was reduced significantly after using modifier and hard asphalt.
Finally, combining the analysis on formation mechanism of rut in long and steep slope, the treatment system of rut was proposed in long and steep slope from active control measures, optimal design of pavement structure and materials, heavy load and slow speed and traffic control at high-temperature.
本文从陡长坡路段车辆行驶状态出发,提出了不同条件下的坡度及坡长限值；通过对典型陡长上坡路段车辙病害实地调查和室内试验,分析并阐释了陡长上坡路段沥青路面车辙分布规律的影响因素,发现重载车慢速行驶时产生车辙的核心因素,而车速慢的原因在于纵坡坡陡或(和)坡长。通过对车辙病害影响因素的研究,提出以多轴重载、慢速交通等为对象研究长大纵坡车辙病害形成机理。
通过不同温度和应力水平下的静载蠕变试验研究,分析了应力、温度和时间对沥青混合料蠕变影响的等效性,应用非线性粘弹性体的应力-温度-时间等效原理,推导了沥青混合料恒应力温度移位因子、恒温度应力移位因子以及温度-应力联合移位因子的数学表达,并以AC20沥青混合料的试验数据为依据进行了验证。
根据陡长坡路段重载、慢速交通特性,进行了沥青路面永久变形的数值模拟,分析了轴载、速度和累计轴载作用次数对路表车辙、沥青面层各层永久变形以及路面剪应力和等效蠕变应变的影响,建立了路表车辙与了轴载、速度和累计轴载作用次数的回归关系式,而沥青面层各层产生的车辙与路面剪应力和等效蠕变应变的分布密切相关,各层永久变形所占比例现场调查的结论一致。
通过移动荷载模拟车辆爬坡过程,研究了多轴重载以及夏季轮胎参数异化条件下沥青路面的力学响应。研究结果认为悬轴车将前轴荷载均匀施加在中轴和后轴,对路面影响显著增加,表现为竖向最大位移、剪应力峰值、压应力峰值均明显增大；随着温度的升高,由胎压变化引起的路面各项力学指标的增幅近10%,最大剪应力分布在路表由轮隙向轮心处迁移,沿路面深度方向由轮心处下中面层位置向路表迁移。
通过对沥青胶浆高温特性、细集料填充效应、粗集料骨架效应的分析和研究,提出了陡长坡路段抗车辙沥青混合料的多尺度优化设计方法；并采用模糊数学综合评判方法,优选了改性剂类型,并将优选的改性剂和硬质沥青应用于陡长坡路段沥青路面的材料组成设计,而室内试验结果表明采用改性剂和硬质沥青后,沥青混合料的模量提高,蠕变性能得到改善,可以大幅降低路表车辙。
最后,结合前文有关长大纵坡车辙病害形成机理分析,从主动防治对策、路面结构和材料优化设计及高温时段交通控制多角度提出长大纵坡车辙病害防治体系。
Rutting has been one of major early diseases in asphalt pavement. With freeway extending to mountain areas, the road designers inevitably encounter the problem of "long" and "steep" slopes in designing highways. However, rut in steep and long slope sections is more serious, which affects traffic safety greatly. Therefore, studying the formation mechanism and control measures of rut in long and steep slope sections of asphalt pavement is not only necessary, but also urgent.
From driving state of vehicles in steep and long slope sections, the maximum ideal slope, maximum slope of unlimited length and restriction of maximum slope length were proposed under different altitude conditions. Through field investigations and laboratory tests for rut in uphill sections of typical steep and long slope, the influence factors of rut distribution laws were analyzed and interpreted in uphill sections of steep and long slope for asphalt pavement. The reason why the heavy vehicles run slowly was that the slopes were steep and long. In addition, the formation mechanism of rut in long and steep slopes was studied taking multi-axis heavy load and slow traffic as researched objects by studying the influence factors of rut.
The static load creep test was carried out under different temperatures and stresses, and the equivalence of stress, temperature and time on the creep of asphalt mixture was analyzed. The mathematical expression of the joint displacement factor The temperature shift factor under constant stress, stress shift factor under constant temperature and connected shift factor under temperature and stress of asphalt mixture were deduced by the stress-temperature-time equivalence principle nonlinear viscoelastic body, and experimental data based on asphalt mixtures of AC-20 were used to verify it.
According to the traffic characteristics of heavy load and slow speed in steep and long slope sections, numerical simulation of rut in asphalt pavement was carried out. And the influences of axle load, speed and number of cumulative axle load on the surface rut, permanent deformation in each layer of asphalt pavement, shear stress in pavement and equivalent creep strain were analyzed. The regression equation between surface rut and axle load, speed and number of cumulative axle load was established. However, rut in each layer of asphalt pavement was closely related to shear stress in pavement and distribution of equivalent creep strain, and the proportion of permanent deformation in each layer was consistent with the conclusions of field investigation.
Mechanical responses of asphalt pavement were studied by simulating the process of climbing slopes with moving load under multi-axis heavy load and alienation of tires parameters in summer to the traffic characteristics of heavy load and overload. The results indicated that the front axle load of suspending axle vehicles was evenly applied to middle axle and rear axle which increased the influences on pavement significantly, and the influences included that the maximum vertical displacement, the peak of shear stress and the peak of conpressive stress increased significantly. As temperature increased, the mechanical indexes of pavement caused by the changes of tire pressure increased by nearly 10%. The distribution of maximum shear stress moved from wheel gap to wheel center on surface and moved from intermediate surface layer and lower surface layer under wheel center to surface along depth direction.
Through studying high-temperature properties of asphalt mastic, filling effect of fine aggregates and skeleton effect of coarse aggregates, the optimal design method of asphalt mixtures for rut resistance was presented in steep and long slope sections. The type of modifier was selected using comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy math and then the optimal modifier and hard asphalt were used in material composition design of asphalt pavement in steep and long slope sections. And the results from laboratory test showed that the modulus of asphalt mixtures increased, creep performance was improved and surface rut was reduced significantly after using modifier and hard asphalt.
Finally, combining the analysis on formation mechanism of rut in long and steep slope, the treatment system of rut was proposed in long and steep slope from active control measures, optimal design of pavement structure and materials, heavy load and slow speed and traffic control at high-temperature.
引文
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