沥青混合料施工温度控制研究
摘要
目前,我国交通事业快速发展,改革开放以来,我国公路水路交通事业取得了举世瞩目的成就。路面铺装率迅速提高,路面结构以沥青路面为主要型式,但在运营初期,沥青路面出现车辙、坑槽(松散)、推拥、泛油等早期损坏一直困扰着公路建设者,成为亟待解决的技术难题。为解决沥青路面早期病害,科研工作者进行了大量的研究,多数侧重于改善沥青混合料的性能(如混合料的级配、改性沥青、SMA等方面),在沥青混合料施工温度方面研究甚少。
沥青路面的早期损坏与沥青混合料的施工温度有关。在沥青路面施工过程中,沥青的加热温度、储存温度,矿料的加热温度以及沥青混合料的拌合温度、出料温度、摊铺温度、碾压温度均与沥青路面的性能和耐久性息息相关。施工温度过高,会导致沥青老化严重,缩短沥青路面的寿命,施工温度过低,会导致沥青路面压实度不够,水损害过早的发生,车辙也会过早的出现。影响沥青混合料施工温度的要素有:沥青混合料得出料温度、气温、风速、日光照射、下乘层温度、压路机洒水情况等,为了规范施工,提出适宜的施工控制温度,提高沥青路面的耐久性,有必要对沥青路面的施工温度加以研究。
本文结合吉林省交通科技项目“沥青混合料施工温度控制研究”(合同编号2003-1-04)开展研究,从工程实际出发,以室内试验为基础,通过沥青试验和沥青混合料试验,并进行了沥青路面施工温度调查,研究了温度对沥青混合料性能的影响,对如何提高沥青路面耐久性进行了一些研究,开展了以下几方面的研究工作:
1.选取典型的采石场和矿粉生产厂进行取样,并选取了两种90号沥青和一种改性沥青进行了材料性质的试验研究,并运用组分分析和化学分析等手段分析了沥青混合料的组成材料的性质。将从各采石场选取的集料在不同加热温度条件进行保温,然后检测集料的各项试验指标,从而对典型集料的热稳定性进行研究,提出了石灰岩的加热控制温度限制。
2.对选取的沥青进行试验研究,将沥青在不同温度条件下进行保存,并在不同时间间隔的条件下进行沥青的性质试验,主要是三大指标试验和粘度试验,检验不同加热时间、不同储存温度条件下沥青的性质变化,研究了加热温度对沥青老化的影响,建立了沥青性质和储存温度之间的关系,并推导出沥青的适宜的加热温度,对沥青的加热温度进行了限制。
3.沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗水害性能受施工温度影响较大。通过车辙试验、弯曲试验、冻融劈裂试验和劈裂试验等试验研究,进行了沥青混合料不同拌和温度下沥青混合料性质的试验研究,建立了沥青混合料高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗水害性能与加热温度之间的关系,推导出沥青混合料的适宜拌和温度和压实温度,对沥青混合料的拌和温度和碾压温度进行了限制。同时,对沥青混合料的高温储存时间也进行了初步研究。
4.通过对确定沥青混合料集料比表面积的传统方法进行研究,并对矿粉和集料的表面积进行了实测,以及对沥青混合料的集料表面积系数进行推导,结合沥青混合料的集料比表面积的实测结果,提出了一种新的沥青混合料的集料比表面积的确定方法,并给出了集料比表面积的计算公式和沥青混合料沥青膜厚度计算公式,根据沥青膜厚度的要求,提出了沥青混合料的最低拌合温度。
5.利用热电偶数显温度计、红外测温枪、水银温度计等多种方法,测量了沥青混合料在拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压等各环节的温度变化情况,测定了沥青混合料在运输车中不同位置的温度,以及碾压过程中热拌沥青混合料的不同位置的温度及变化,同时测量了其他结构层的温度变化,结合气象条件测试数据,建立了沥青混合料温度预测模型。应用这一模型,可以预测不同气象条件、不同摊铺厚度的沥青混合料降温速度,有利于指导施工。
6.沥青混合料的温度离析会导致沥青路面耐久性显著降低。利用红外热像仪进行了沥青混合料拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压等各施工环节的温度离析检测,分析了沥青混合料产生温度离析的原因,提出了温度离析的控制指标。
With the reform and opening policy, transportations and communications in China have enjoyed a rapid development. Both land and water communications have attracted worldwide attention. Although the rate of pavement, with asphalt as its main surface structure, has been increased dramatically, the asphalt pavement is liable to suffer from such damages at the beginning of its services as rut, groove (porosity). These problems, always being a vexation to highway constructionists, have become problems demanding prompt solution. Researchers have made great efforts to solve the problem of early damages on asphalt pavement. However, those researches mainly focus on how to improve such properties of asphalt mixture as the grading of asphalt mixture, modifier bitumen,SMA, and so on, while the construction temperature of asphalt mixture has been given little attention.
The early damages on asphalt pavement have a close correlation with construction temperature of asphalt mixture. During the process of asphalt pavement, the property and durability of asphalt pavement is closely related to heating temperature, storing temperature of asphalt, heating temperature of minerals, mixing temperature, preliminary temperature, paving temperature and rolling temperature of asphalt mixture. If constructed under too high temperature, asphalt will suffer from serious aging, which, in turn, will shorten the life expectancy of pavement; if constructed under too low temperature, pressure degree on pavement will not be enough, which, in turn, will lead to water damage and rut at the beginning of its service. Taking the above-mentioned into consideration, it is safe to say that it is quite necessary to do a research on construction temperature of asphalt pavement in order to specify construction, find a favorable temperature for construction and increase the durability of asphalt pavement.
Based on real construction and indoor experiments on asphalt and asphalt mixture, this thesis will discuss how to improve the durability of asphalt pavement. The study will be made in the following scopes:
The study on heating-caused aging of asphalt:Experiments have been made on various heating temperature and storing temperature of asphalt, so the most favorable heating temperature and time have been concluded.
The study on construction temperature of asphalt mixture:Experiments have been made on qualities of asphalt mixture under different mixing temperature, so the most favorable mixing and rolling temperature of asphalt mixture have been concluded.
沥青路面的早期损坏与沥青混合料的施工温度有关。在沥青路面施工过程中,沥青的加热温度、储存温度,矿料的加热温度以及沥青混合料的拌合温度、出料温度、摊铺温度、碾压温度均与沥青路面的性能和耐久性息息相关。施工温度过高,会导致沥青老化严重,缩短沥青路面的寿命,施工温度过低,会导致沥青路面压实度不够,水损害过早的发生,车辙也会过早的出现。影响沥青混合料施工温度的要素有:沥青混合料得出料温度、气温、风速、日光照射、下乘层温度、压路机洒水情况等,为了规范施工,提出适宜的施工控制温度,提高沥青路面的耐久性,有必要对沥青路面的施工温度加以研究。
本文结合吉林省交通科技项目“沥青混合料施工温度控制研究”(合同编号2003-1-04)开展研究,从工程实际出发,以室内试验为基础,通过沥青试验和沥青混合料试验,并进行了沥青路面施工温度调查,研究了温度对沥青混合料性能的影响,对如何提高沥青路面耐久性进行了一些研究,开展了以下几方面的研究工作:
1.选取典型的采石场和矿粉生产厂进行取样,并选取了两种90号沥青和一种改性沥青进行了材料性质的试验研究,并运用组分分析和化学分析等手段分析了沥青混合料的组成材料的性质。将从各采石场选取的集料在不同加热温度条件进行保温,然后检测集料的各项试验指标,从而对典型集料的热稳定性进行研究,提出了石灰岩的加热控制温度限制。
2.对选取的沥青进行试验研究,将沥青在不同温度条件下进行保存,并在不同时间间隔的条件下进行沥青的性质试验,主要是三大指标试验和粘度试验,检验不同加热时间、不同储存温度条件下沥青的性质变化,研究了加热温度对沥青老化的影响,建立了沥青性质和储存温度之间的关系,并推导出沥青的适宜的加热温度,对沥青的加热温度进行了限制。
3.沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗水害性能受施工温度影响较大。通过车辙试验、弯曲试验、冻融劈裂试验和劈裂试验等试验研究,进行了沥青混合料不同拌和温度下沥青混合料性质的试验研究,建立了沥青混合料高温稳定性、低温抗裂性和抗水害性能与加热温度之间的关系,推导出沥青混合料的适宜拌和温度和压实温度,对沥青混合料的拌和温度和碾压温度进行了限制。同时,对沥青混合料的高温储存时间也进行了初步研究。
4.通过对确定沥青混合料集料比表面积的传统方法进行研究,并对矿粉和集料的表面积进行了实测,以及对沥青混合料的集料表面积系数进行推导,结合沥青混合料的集料比表面积的实测结果,提出了一种新的沥青混合料的集料比表面积的确定方法,并给出了集料比表面积的计算公式和沥青混合料沥青膜厚度计算公式,根据沥青膜厚度的要求,提出了沥青混合料的最低拌合温度。
5.利用热电偶数显温度计、红外测温枪、水银温度计等多种方法,测量了沥青混合料在拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压等各环节的温度变化情况,测定了沥青混合料在运输车中不同位置的温度,以及碾压过程中热拌沥青混合料的不同位置的温度及变化,同时测量了其他结构层的温度变化,结合气象条件测试数据,建立了沥青混合料温度预测模型。应用这一模型,可以预测不同气象条件、不同摊铺厚度的沥青混合料降温速度,有利于指导施工。
6.沥青混合料的温度离析会导致沥青路面耐久性显著降低。利用红外热像仪进行了沥青混合料拌和、运输、摊铺、碾压等各施工环节的温度离析检测,分析了沥青混合料产生温度离析的原因,提出了温度离析的控制指标。
With the reform and opening policy, transportations and communications in China have enjoyed a rapid development. Both land and water communications have attracted worldwide attention. Although the rate of pavement, with asphalt as its main surface structure, has been increased dramatically, the asphalt pavement is liable to suffer from such damages at the beginning of its services as rut, groove (porosity). These problems, always being a vexation to highway constructionists, have become problems demanding prompt solution. Researchers have made great efforts to solve the problem of early damages on asphalt pavement. However, those researches mainly focus on how to improve such properties of asphalt mixture as the grading of asphalt mixture, modifier bitumen,SMA, and so on, while the construction temperature of asphalt mixture has been given little attention.
The early damages on asphalt pavement have a close correlation with construction temperature of asphalt mixture. During the process of asphalt pavement, the property and durability of asphalt pavement is closely related to heating temperature, storing temperature of asphalt, heating temperature of minerals, mixing temperature, preliminary temperature, paving temperature and rolling temperature of asphalt mixture. If constructed under too high temperature, asphalt will suffer from serious aging, which, in turn, will shorten the life expectancy of pavement; if constructed under too low temperature, pressure degree on pavement will not be enough, which, in turn, will lead to water damage and rut at the beginning of its service. Taking the above-mentioned into consideration, it is safe to say that it is quite necessary to do a research on construction temperature of asphalt pavement in order to specify construction, find a favorable temperature for construction and increase the durability of asphalt pavement.
Based on real construction and indoor experiments on asphalt and asphalt mixture, this thesis will discuss how to improve the durability of asphalt pavement. The study will be made in the following scopes:
The study on heating-caused aging of asphalt:Experiments have been made on various heating temperature and storing temperature of asphalt, so the most favorable heating temperature and time have been concluded.
The study on construction temperature of asphalt mixture:Experiments have been made on qualities of asphalt mixture under different mixing temperature, so the most favorable mixing and rolling temperature of asphalt mixture have been concluded.
引文
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