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构建防病、杀虫及具有内生定殖能力的多功能工程菌的研究
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摘要
本研究将含有vip3A杀虫基因的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)和具有内生及防病等优良特性的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)进行原生质体融合,希望得到具有双亲优良特性于一体的工程菌。通过筛选最终得到一株具有杀虫、防病及内生性均较强的多功能融合子。本研究包括以下四部分:一、对BS-2和WB_7菌株进行诱导抗性和拮抗作用测定;二、测定亲本菌株原生质体形成和再生的酶解条件;三、在PEG6000和Ca~(+2)存在下进行原生质体融合及可稳定遗传融合子的筛选;四、稳定遗传融合子的生物学特性的测定。
     通过传代实验检查发现,诱导后的亲本菌株均有稳定的抗药性,同时诱导后的亲本菌株对黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)的拮抗作用测定表明:未诱导的亲本菌株BS-2及其诱导的抗利福平菌株均具有很强的抗菌能力,诱导后其抗菌作用和菌落形态没有改变;而菌株WB_7在诱导前对黄瓜枯萎病菌有微弱的拮抗作用,诱导的抗卡那霉素菌株则不表现拮抗作用。同时还将诱导前后BS-2和WB_7菌株的拮抗作用进行对比,结果显示它们对黄瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用差异很明显。
     原生质体最佳制备条件因菌株不同而有很大的区别,试验结果表明,亲本菌株的原生质体形成率随酶解浓度和酶解时间的延长而增加,但再生率却下降。综合以上的情况,为了达到最佳的酶解和再生率,本实验将WB_7~(kan)和BS-2~(rif)的酶解浓度分别定为0.76mg/ml和1.15 mg/ml,在这种酶解条件下WB_7~(kan)的原生质体形成和再生率分别为95.5%和11.3%,而BS_2~(rif)的为96.77%和10.5%。
     在PEG6000存在下进行亲本原生质体融合,在双抗培养基中筛选得到了97株融合子,将它们在双抗培养基中传代培养后,得到了11株可以在双抗培养基中稳定遗传的融合子,11株融合子对黄瓜枯萎病菌拮抗作用测定表明,其中只有6株具有较强拮抗作用的融合子。
     经对这6株可稳定遗传的融合子对小菜蛾杀虫活性的测定和vip3A基因的PCR检测后,得到了3株具有杀虫活性及含有vip3A基因的融合子,并分别被命名为YB_1、YB_2和YB_3,它们对小菜蛾分别有62%、65%
    
    描建农林人学硕士学位论义再经过内生定殖检测,最终只有融合子YB:具有
    和68.3%的杀虫效果。
    很强的内生能力。
The insecticidal gene, vip3A, of WB7 strain (Bacillus thuringiensis) and the antagonistical and endophytic characters of BS-2 strain (Bacillus subtilis) were tried to integrate into a fusant by protoplast fusion. In the end, a multifunctional engineering-strain which had the insecticidal, antagonistical and endophytic characters was constructed. The study included four portions:1) The BS-2 and WB7 were tested for their induced resistance and antagonism to fungus. 2) The best situations of protoplast formation and protoplast regeneratetion of the parent strains were found through experiments. 3)The protoplasts of the two strains were fused at PEG6000 and Ca+2, and the geneticly stable fusants were screened.4) The bioassay of the fusants were validated by different experiments.
    The experiments showed that the induced strains still had stable resistance to the Kanamycin and Rifampin. The antagonism of induced BS-2 as the same as that of BS-2. Both of them were very strong angaist the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinwn. The WB7 had feeble antagonism angaist the fungus, but the induced WB7 had ndtany antagonism against it. It also showed that the antagonisms of the parent strains, induced BS-2 and induced WB7, were quite different against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.
    The best conditions of protoplast formation and potoplast regeneration were very different in different srains. The experiments showed the percentage of protoplast formation was increased with the increasing of enzyme treating solution and time, but the protoplast regeneration was decreased. The best enzyme treating solution of the BS-2rif was 1.15 mg/ml, but the WB7kan was 0.76mg/ml. At this enzyme treating solution the percentages of protoplast formation and protoplast regeneration of the BS-2nf were 95.5% and 11.3% respectively. But the WB7kan were 96.77% and 10.5%.
    97 fusants were isolated as BS-2rif and WB7kan were fused at the PEG 6000 and Ca+2, but only 11 stable fusants were gotten after subcultureing for
    
    
    ten times at the double resistances selecting medium. Then, the antagonism test prooved that only 6 among the 11 fusants had strong antagonism against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.
    After the insecticidal test to Plutella xylostella and PCR for vip3A gene, only 3 among 6 fusnts had toxicity to the insect and vipBA gene. The three fusants were named as YB1, YB2 and YB3. Their toxicity to the P. xylostella reached 62%, 65% and 68.3% respectively. The endophytic test showed that YB2 had very strong endophytic character. Then, the YB2, which had the insecticidal, antagonistical and endophytic characters, was selected.
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