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贵州六盘水地区晚二叠世龙潭组煤系地层中瓦斯富集规律的研究
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摘要
煤层瓦斯(煤层气)是我国开发和利用的主要能源之一,在我国,瓦斯资源的开发和利用占国民资源开发和利用的比例虽然不高,但它的利用价值却非常可观。贵州省的煤炭资源丰富,其资源储量位居全国第五位,煤炭是瓦斯产生的物资来源,理论上说,大量的煤炭资源,必然会产生大量的瓦斯资源。据此可以推断出贵州具有很好的瓦斯资源。事实证明,贵州省的瓦斯储量是相当高的,约为31511亿m~3,居全国第二位,仅次于山西。在我省的煤炭资源开采过程中,常常会因为瓦斯的含量过高而引起许多的瓦斯事故,不但造成人类生命财产的损失,同时也造成大量的资源浪费。因此,对于瓦斯的研究就成了当今我国资源研究领域的一个比较热门的研究内容。
     对于贵州省晚二叠世煤系地层中的煤层气的研究起步较晚,研究的程度也较浅和较片面。主要是从煤层气资源的勘探、开发和利用方面进行研究,很少系统地对贵州晚二叠世煤系地层中煤层气(瓦斯)富集规律、瓦斯分布的控制因素、瓦斯富集区域和瓦斯富集区域煤炭开采中瓦斯事故的预防进行研究。
     本研究主要是从地质构造、煤层厚度、变质程度、岩性特征、矿井和钻孔瓦斯的含量等方面探讨贵州六盘水地区晚二叠世煤系地层中瓦斯的分布规律,为贵州省煤炭资源的综合开发利用和瓦斯灾害的预防提供科学依据。通过上述研究,获得以下认识:
     1.研究区的煤层变质程度相对较高,瓦斯的生成量与煤层的变质程度是成正相关。大多数地区煤层的镜煤反射率一般都在1.2~3.0%之间,这样的镜煤反射率范围的煤层对瓦斯具有较好的吸附能力,煤层生成的大量的瓦斯容易被吸附在煤层中。
     2.研究区的煤层顶底板的岩性主要是泥岩、页岩,岩性的结构特征都比较有利于瓦斯的保存。
     3.在研究区有很多区域煤系中央有砂岩层,砂岩也是瓦斯储存的有利空间,其中很有可能找到适合工业开采的煤成气资源。
     4.研究区大部分区域的断层构造比较发育。因此,构造应力作用比较强,煤层微裂隙系统发育,为吸附在煤层中的瓦斯提供了很好的运移通道,也是导致煤层中高瓦斯的重要原因。
     5.研究区的大部分高瓦斯区的主要控制因素是煤层厚度大和压、剪性断裂构造发育;在发耳的北部高瓦斯区则可能是受水文地质因素和格目底向斜的控制。而发耳以东地区的低瓦斯区控制因素则可能是受构造不发育和具块状煤岩结构的控制。
     6.在综合分析研究区煤的变质程度、镜煤反射率、煤层顶底板岩性特征、煤层厚度及煤储量、构造发育程度、水文地质和矿井瓦斯实测数据的基础上,作者提出在六盘水地区的响水镇—断江镇—普古乡—普安镇形成一个高瓦斯的闭合区;发耳镇北部—比德西部—双嘎镇—水塘镇形成另一闭合高瓦斯区;化乐镇—双嘎乡一线以东地区形成一个高瓦斯的闭合区。这三个瓦斯富集区域是瓦斯开采最好的远景区,也是煤炭开采中应该加强瓦斯地质灾害防治的重点区域。
The coal bed methane is one of the main energy which our country develops and utilizes, in our country, the development and use of methane resources take a low proportion in the national development and use of resources, but its value is very considerable. The coals resources of Guizhou Province are abundant, its resource reserves is the sixth in the all Provinces, the coal is the source that the gas is produced, abundant coals resources can theoretically produce abundant methane resource. So we can infer Guizhou has great methane resources. The fact proves that the gas reserves of Guizhou Province are quite high, and about 3151.1 billion m3, the methane resource is the second in the all Provinces, only fewer than Shanxi Province. While coal resources of Guizhou Province mined, it will often cause a lot of gas accidents because the content of the methane is too high, not only accident causes the losses of the human lives and property, but also accident wastes a large number of resources at the same time. So the research of the methane nowadays becomes a hot study in the research field of coal resource.
     The study of coal bed methane in the Later Permian of Guizhou Province starts relatively late, the study degree is simple and unilateralism. It is mainly study exploration and utilization of coal bed methane resources, seldom carry on a systematic study to enrichment disciplinarian, methane enrichment region, and accident prevention in the methane (coal bed gas) enrichment region in the Later Permian of Guizhou Province.
     On the basis of the geological structure, the thickness of coal seem, metamorphism degree, content of methane in mine and bore, and the sediment sequence, author try to explore methane distribution in Late Permian coal-bearing strata in LiuPanShui Guizhou Province and provide a scientific data for comprehensive exploration of methane resource and prevention and control of methane accident in the coal mining in Guizhou Province. Through the research described above, author puts forward some understanding following:
     1. Relatively high coal metamorphism degree in studying area, the relationship between amount of methane and coal metamorphism is a positive. Coal bed virginity reflectance is general between 1.2% and 3.0% in most areas; the range of virginity reflectance of coal bed has better adsorption capacity. Therefore, large numbers of methane can be adsorbed in the coal bed.
     2. The floor and binching lithology of the coal seam in the studying area is mainly mudstone and shale, feature characteristics of lithology are relatively favorable to thepreservation of methane.
     3. There are many interval sandstone beds in coal bed series in the studying area, the sandstone beds are the favorable space that the methane is stored, which is likely to find a suitable industrial exploitation of coal gas resources.
     4. The fault of many blocks in the studying area is relatively development. Therefore, the tectonic stress is fairly strong, and coal micro-fracture system is development, the structures provide a good transport path for adsorbed methane in coal bed, and leads to form of high methane coal bed.
     5. In most of the studying areas, high gas areas are controlled by thickness of coal bed and developmental degree of press and cutting fracture structure. Then, the high gas area in the northern Fa'er may be caused by hydrogeological and Syncline of Gemudi .The low gas area in the east Fa'er may be caused by hydrogeological factor and fracture of coal (lower fracture).
     6. On the basis of comprehensively analysis on coal metamorphism degree, vitrinite reflectance, and the lithology of the floor and binching of coal seam, toll coal bed thickness and coal reserves, tectonics, hydrogeology and mine methane data in the studying area, author put forwards that XiangShui town-Duanjiang town -PuGu town-PuAn town is one high closure area of methane, East of FaEr town-west of BiDe town -ShangGa town -ShuiTang town is one high closure area of methane, HuaLe town-east of ShangGa town is one high closure area of methane. The three methane enrichment areas are the best prospects of methane mining, also is the key areas that should strengthen prevention and control of methane accident in coal mining course.
引文
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