输油管线优化运行技术研究
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摘要
本文对国内外输油管线优化运行所做的工作进行了分析和研究,提出了本文的研究内容:从动力学和热力学角度出发,对输油管线进行优化分析。针对论文研究的内容,主要考虑了运行费用的影响因素,以进站油温、出站油温、泵的扬程为优化研究的对象,在热力约束、水力约束、管线强度约束、泵机组特性约束等综合约束条件下,建立了输油管线优化运行的数学模型。根据优化模型中的非线性约束函数无法化为线性约束函数,目标函数无法求一阶偏导数的特点,本文从众多优化方法中选择遗传算法对所建立的数学模型进行求解,并对遗传算法的概念、计算步骤、特点、运行参数等逐一进行介绍,并编写了输油管道优化运行管理的软件。通过对中哈输油管线和孤罗东输油管线进行优化分析,提出了当影响运行费用的各参数变化时,具体所应实施的方案,并找出了运行费用随各参数变化时的规律,其结果与实际相一致。证实了本文所提出的方法和程序的可靠性和实用性。
Based on the analysis and research on the optimal work of domestic and overseas oil pipelines, with summary of practical experience, this article issues the optimal analysis for oil pipeline grounding on dynamics and thermodynamics theories. Concerning the content of this research, effects of operational charges being considered, the temperature of inlet oil, the temperature of outlet oil and the throwing of pump being as research objectives, and under the comprehensive constraining conditions which include thermodynamic and hydrodynamic constraining, pipeline strength constraining, pump unit characteristic constraining, the mathematic mode of oil pipeline’s optimization is built. According to invalidate transform between non-linear constraining function and linear constraining function, and the disable partial differential coefficient of first order for objective function, GA(genetic algorithm) has been chosen for the built mathematic mode, also, the conception of GA, its computing process, features, and operating parameters are introduced irrespectively in this article, meantime, a managerial software for oil pipeline’s optimization is programmed. By optimally analyzing the SINO-KAZAK oil pipeline and GULUODONG pipeline, concrete proposals are brought forward when the parameters which may effect operational charges, at the same time, the rule of how the parameters effect the operational charges has been found, the result accord to the practice completely. The reliability and practicability of the method and the program mentioned-above are testified eventually.
Based on the analysis and research on the optimal work of domestic and overseas oil pipelines, with summary of practical experience, this article issues the optimal analysis for oil pipeline grounding on dynamics and thermodynamics theories. Concerning the content of this research, effects of operational charges being considered, the temperature of inlet oil, the temperature of outlet oil and the throwing of pump being as research objectives, and under the comprehensive constraining conditions which include thermodynamic and hydrodynamic constraining, pipeline strength constraining, pump unit characteristic constraining, the mathematic mode of oil pipeline’s optimization is built. According to invalidate transform between non-linear constraining function and linear constraining function, and the disable partial differential coefficient of first order for objective function, GA(genetic algorithm) has been chosen for the built mathematic mode, also, the conception of GA, its computing process, features, and operating parameters are introduced irrespectively in this article, meantime, a managerial software for oil pipeline’s optimization is programmed. By optimally analyzing the SINO-KAZAK oil pipeline and GULUODONG pipeline, concrete proposals are brought forward when the parameters which may effect operational charges, at the same time, the rule of how the parameters effect the operational charges has been found, the result accord to the practice completely. The reliability and practicability of the method and the program mentioned-above are testified eventually.
引文
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[3] 严大凡,罗哲鸣,杨筱蘅.SG高粘原油稀释输送工艺探讨.油气储运,1987;6(1):1~9
[4] 金岗.热油管道优化运行技术的探讨.油气储运,1992;11(3):49~51
[5] 高涛.降低输油成本之我见.油气储运,1995;14(5):53~56
[6] 黄志潜.石油与天燃气管道工程最优化技术的综述.油气储运,1987;6(2):1~5
[7] 蒲家宁.长输管道运行优化的分析与计算.油气储运,1992;11(1):25~30
[8] 吴长春,严大凡.热油管道优化运行软件包HOPOPT简介.油气储运,1992;11(2):5~10
[9] 王勇勤.输油泵站并联泵运行的优化.油气储运,1993;12(3):16~19
[10] 张好民,张国忠,田树臣等.东辛胜利输油管线节能降耗技术探讨.油气储运,1994;13(1):35~38
[11] 刘科,李建波.管道输油成本数学模型的最优化.油气储运,1993;12(3):11
[12] 闫宝东.热输管线油电损耗的回归预测.油气储运,1993;12(5):36~40
[13] 吴长春.热油管道的优化运行.石油规划设计,1994;5(2):48~49
[14] 王清,李宗泗,张国忠.孤东管网优化运行技术.油气储运,1996;15(4):25~27
[15] 曲慎扬.输油管道的最佳工作压力.油气储运,1996;15(12):7~8
[16] 刘建荣.泵站操作控制节能方法探讨.油气储运,1998;17(3):47~49
[17] Carsaw H.S., Jeager J.C.. Conduction of heat in solids. Oxford: Claredon Press,1959: 267.
[18] Lunardini V.J. Heat transfer in cold climate. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1981: 178.
[18] Charnes A., CooperW.W., Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making. European of operational Research, 1978:19~22
[20] 孙彪,陈利学.计算机仿真技术在石油工业中的应用.西南石油学院学报,1997;19(1):90~92
[21] 王世元,施艳梅.油气集输系统优化管理节能方法研究.油气田地面工程,1999;18(6):64~65
[22] 范贻昌,吴育华,孔坚等.我国输油管道运营评估优化分析.天津大学学报,1998;31(4):491~494
[23] 宋春花,支激扬,冯先强.东临输油管线SCADA系统双机热备的实现.自动化与仪表,2004:(04):68~69
[24] 于达.原油集输系统地面设施布局的优化.抚顺石油学院学报,1997;17(6):44~46
[25] 王鉴光.泵站最优节能控制.石油钻采工艺,1995;17(3):80~84
[26] 吴长春,李东风.秦京管道稳态优化运行方案的分析与确定.油气储运,2002;21(12):4~11
[27] 懂正远,韩成才.原油热输管道的最优运行模型.西安石油学院学报,1996;11(5):24~27
[28] 孙青峰,吴长春.庆铁线输油管道系统稳态工况最优化.油气储运,1998;17(7):4~8
[29] 周诗岽,江国业,吴明等.长吉输油管道优化运行研究.抚顺石油学院学报,2003;23(2):40~41
[30] 张帆,高庭禹.提高东北原油管网经济效益的思考.油气储运,2000;19(2):1~4
[31] 车尔尼金ВИ.易凝原油的输送.严大凡译.北京:石油工业出版社,1959:55~80
[32] 俞佐平.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1995:30~60
[33] 严大凡.输油管设计与管理.北京:石油工业出版社,1986:56~62
[34] 杨筱蘅.输油管道设计与管理.北京:石油大学出版社,1996:52~73
[35] 苗承武.高等油气集输与处理技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1997:80~91
[36] 蔡尔辅.石油化工管道设计.北京:化工工业出版社,2002:265~294
[37] 中国油气管道编写组.油气管道.北京:石油工业出版社,2004:471~495
[38] 袁恩熙.工程流体力学.北京:石油工业出版社,1986:120~160
[39] 薛嘉庆.最优化原理与方法.北京冶金工业出版社,1983:2~60
[40] 陈国良.遗传算法及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996:1~100
[41] 王凌.智能优化算法及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001:20~50
[42] 云庆夏.遗传算法与遗传规划—一种搜索寻优技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997:70~100
[43] 徐成贤.近代优化方法.北京:科学出版社,2002:2~20
[44] 袁亚湘,孙文瑜.最优化理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,1997:40~100
[45] 李敏强.遗传算法的基本理论与应用.北京:科学出版社,2002:1~50
[46] 付旭辉,康玲.遗传算法的早熟问题探究.华中科技大学学报,2003;31(7):53~54
[47] J.C.Craig.J.Webb.Visual Basic 5.0开发与技巧.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:60~80
[48] 玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程设计.北京科学出版社,2000:257~261
[49] Charles Partly著.Visual Basic3.0大全.梁念蓉等译.北京:电子工业出版社,1994:33~60
[50] 张海藩.软件工程导论.第三版.北京:清华大学出版社,1999:65~80
[2] 郑国华,严大凡.如何保持低输量管道的安全经济运行.石油储运学术论文选集.中国石油学会石油储运学会,1983:44~62
[3] 严大凡,罗哲鸣,杨筱蘅.SG高粘原油稀释输送工艺探讨.油气储运,1987;6(1):1~9
[4] 金岗.热油管道优化运行技术的探讨.油气储运,1992;11(3):49~51
[5] 高涛.降低输油成本之我见.油气储运,1995;14(5):53~56
[6] 黄志潜.石油与天燃气管道工程最优化技术的综述.油气储运,1987;6(2):1~5
[7] 蒲家宁.长输管道运行优化的分析与计算.油气储运,1992;11(1):25~30
[8] 吴长春,严大凡.热油管道优化运行软件包HOPOPT简介.油气储运,1992;11(2):5~10
[9] 王勇勤.输油泵站并联泵运行的优化.油气储运,1993;12(3):16~19
[10] 张好民,张国忠,田树臣等.东辛胜利输油管线节能降耗技术探讨.油气储运,1994;13(1):35~38
[11] 刘科,李建波.管道输油成本数学模型的最优化.油气储运,1993;12(3):11
[12] 闫宝东.热输管线油电损耗的回归预测.油气储运,1993;12(5):36~40
[13] 吴长春.热油管道的优化运行.石油规划设计,1994;5(2):48~49
[14] 王清,李宗泗,张国忠.孤东管网优化运行技术.油气储运,1996;15(4):25~27
[15] 曲慎扬.输油管道的最佳工作压力.油气储运,1996;15(12):7~8
[16] 刘建荣.泵站操作控制节能方法探讨.油气储运,1998;17(3):47~49
[17] Carsaw H.S., Jeager J.C.. Conduction of heat in solids. Oxford: Claredon Press,1959: 267.
[18] Lunardini V.J. Heat transfer in cold climate. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1981: 178.
[18] Charnes A., CooperW.W., Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making. European of operational Research, 1978:19~22
[20] 孙彪,陈利学.计算机仿真技术在石油工业中的应用.西南石油学院学报,1997;19(1):90~92
[21] 王世元,施艳梅.油气集输系统优化管理节能方法研究.油气田地面工程,1999;18(6):64~65
[22] 范贻昌,吴育华,孔坚等.我国输油管道运营评估优化分析.天津大学学报,1998;31(4):491~494
[23] 宋春花,支激扬,冯先强.东临输油管线SCADA系统双机热备的实现.自动化与仪表,2004:(04):68~69
[24] 于达.原油集输系统地面设施布局的优化.抚顺石油学院学报,1997;17(6):44~46
[25] 王鉴光.泵站最优节能控制.石油钻采工艺,1995;17(3):80~84
[26] 吴长春,李东风.秦京管道稳态优化运行方案的分析与确定.油气储运,2002;21(12):4~11
[27] 懂正远,韩成才.原油热输管道的最优运行模型.西安石油学院学报,1996;11(5):24~27
[28] 孙青峰,吴长春.庆铁线输油管道系统稳态工况最优化.油气储运,1998;17(7):4~8
[29] 周诗岽,江国业,吴明等.长吉输油管道优化运行研究.抚顺石油学院学报,2003;23(2):40~41
[30] 张帆,高庭禹.提高东北原油管网经济效益的思考.油气储运,2000;19(2):1~4
[31] 车尔尼金ВИ.易凝原油的输送.严大凡译.北京:石油工业出版社,1959:55~80
[32] 俞佐平.传热学.北京:高等教育出版社,1995:30~60
[33] 严大凡.输油管设计与管理.北京:石油工业出版社,1986:56~62
[34] 杨筱蘅.输油管道设计与管理.北京:石油大学出版社,1996:52~73
[35] 苗承武.高等油气集输与处理技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1997:80~91
[36] 蔡尔辅.石油化工管道设计.北京:化工工业出版社,2002:265~294
[37] 中国油气管道编写组.油气管道.北京:石油工业出版社,2004:471~495
[38] 袁恩熙.工程流体力学.北京:石油工业出版社,1986:120~160
[39] 薛嘉庆.最优化原理与方法.北京冶金工业出版社,1983:2~60
[40] 陈国良.遗传算法及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996:1~100
[41] 王凌.智能优化算法及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001:20~50
[42] 云庆夏.遗传算法与遗传规划—一种搜索寻优技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997:70~100
[43] 徐成贤.近代优化方法.北京:科学出版社,2002:2~20
[44] 袁亚湘,孙文瑜.最优化理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,1997:40~100
[45] 李敏强.遗传算法的基本理论与应用.北京:科学出版社,2002:1~50
[46] 付旭辉,康玲.遗传算法的早熟问题探究.华中科技大学学报,2003;31(7):53~54
[47] J.C.Craig.J.Webb.Visual Basic 5.0开发与技巧.北京:机械工业出版社,1998:60~80
[48] 玄光男,程润伟.遗传算法与工程设计.北京科学出版社,2000:257~261
[49] Charles Partly著.Visual Basic3.0大全.梁念蓉等译.北京:电子工业出版社,1994:33~60
[50] 张海藩.软件工程导论.第三版.北京:清华大学出版社,1999:65~80