螺旋隧道火灾通风数值模拟研究
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摘要
随着我国隧道事业的发展,隧道的曲率半径越来越小,高差越来越大,出现了螺旋形隧道。螺旋隧道发生火灾等紧急情况下通风有别于直线隧道,本文以云南省水富至绥江二级公路上的新安螺旋公路隧道为工程背景,应用大涡模拟,对影响小半径螺旋隧道火灾临界风速的曲率、坡度等因素进行分析。主要内容如下：
(1)运用计算流体力学、传热学、燃烧学和隧道通风基本理论,根据螺旋隧道的边界条件,确定数值计算控制方程及数值大涡模拟软件FDS,建立不同曲率下,不同坡度的小半径螺旋隧道火灾烟气流动的三维数值模型。根据国内外研究现状及公路隧道通风照明设计规范,确定螺旋隧道火灾规模和模拟工况。
(2)根据不同曲率曲线隧道模型的计算,分析不同曲率半径下螺旋隧道内纵向、横向烟气蔓延规律。分析不同曲率对火灾烟气温度分布、CO浓度、能见度规律的影响,得出各曲率下临界风速,探讨曲率对其影响。
(3)通过对不同坡度的螺旋隧道模型FDS模拟,得出各坡度下小半径螺旋隧道临界风速。其中曲率1/250坡度3.5%的新安螺旋隧道临界风速为4.2m/s,分析不同坡度对螺旋隧道火灾温度分布、CO浓度、能见度及临界风的影响。
(4)对模拟计算结果进行理论分析,提出关于曲率、坡度的螺旋隧道火灾临界风速理论模型,给小半径螺旋隧道火灾通风设计提供依据。
研究表明：无坡度曲线隧道随着曲率增大,临界风速减小,下坡螺旋隧道随着坡度增大,临界风速增大。通过新安螺旋隧道模型计算分析得出新安螺旋隧道火灾时烟气流动及温度分布规律,临界风速为4.2m/s。给出小半径螺旋隧道关于曲率、坡度的火灾临界风速理论模型,对以后的小半径螺旋隧道设计及其火灾通风规范的编写提供指导。
With the development of China's tunnel, the radius of curvature of the tunnel is more and more small, the height difference is becoming bigger and bigger. Then the spiral tunnel came out. If happen fire and other emergencies, the spiral tunnel is different from the straight-line tunnel. In this paper, engineering background is Yunnan Province's the secondary road Xin'an spiral highway tunnel, which is from Shui Fu to Sui Jiang. Applying the large-eddy simulation to analyze curvature, slope and other factors which affect the critical fire wind speed of the small radius of spiral tunnel. The main contents are as follows.:
(1) Using the basic theories of computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, combustion and tunnel ventilation, and being in line with the spiral tunnel boundary conditions determine the numerical calculative control equations and the software FDS of numerical large eddy simulation, and establish the small radius spiral tunnel fire three-dimensional numerical model of the flue gas flow of different curvature, slope. According to the research status at home and abroad and Road Tunnel Ventilation Lighting design specifications to determine the size of the spiral tunnel's scale of fires and simulated conditions.
(2) According to the calculation of the different curvature curve tunnel model to analyze the law of the spread of smoke in the spiral tunnel under different radius of curvature and the effect of the different curvatures on the temperature distribution of the laws of the fire smoke. CO concentration and visibility to obtain critical wind speed under various curvatures and discuss the impact of the curvature.
(3) By the simulation of different slopes'spiral tunnels model FDS, knowing the critical wind speed of each slope of the small radius of spiral tunnel.3.5%Xin'an spiral tunnel is of1/250slope, critical wind speed of4.2m/s. analyzing the effect of different slopes of the spiral tunnel on the distribution of fire temperature, CO concentration, visibility and critical wind.
(4) Through the theoretical analysis of the simulation results to put forward theoretical models about curvature and slope of the spiral tunnel fire, and provide the basis for fire ventilation design of small radius spiral tunnel.
The results showed that:No slope curve tunnel, as the curvature increases the critical velocity reduces, the downhill spiral tunnel, as the slope increases, the critical wind speed increases. Through the analysis of the Xin'an spiral tunnel model to learn the law of distribution of its fire smoke flow and temperature, the critical wind speed of4.2m/s. Derived the curvature, slope of fire theoretical model of the critical wind speed of the small radius spiral tunnel intends to provide guidance to the design and the preparation of fire ventilation of the small radius of the spiral tunnel.
(1)运用计算流体力学、传热学、燃烧学和隧道通风基本理论,根据螺旋隧道的边界条件,确定数值计算控制方程及数值大涡模拟软件FDS,建立不同曲率下,不同坡度的小半径螺旋隧道火灾烟气流动的三维数值模型。根据国内外研究现状及公路隧道通风照明设计规范,确定螺旋隧道火灾规模和模拟工况。
(2)根据不同曲率曲线隧道模型的计算,分析不同曲率半径下螺旋隧道内纵向、横向烟气蔓延规律。分析不同曲率对火灾烟气温度分布、CO浓度、能见度规律的影响,得出各曲率下临界风速,探讨曲率对其影响。
(3)通过对不同坡度的螺旋隧道模型FDS模拟,得出各坡度下小半径螺旋隧道临界风速。其中曲率1/250坡度3.5%的新安螺旋隧道临界风速为4.2m/s,分析不同坡度对螺旋隧道火灾温度分布、CO浓度、能见度及临界风的影响。
(4)对模拟计算结果进行理论分析,提出关于曲率、坡度的螺旋隧道火灾临界风速理论模型,给小半径螺旋隧道火灾通风设计提供依据。
研究表明：无坡度曲线隧道随着曲率增大,临界风速减小,下坡螺旋隧道随着坡度增大,临界风速增大。通过新安螺旋隧道模型计算分析得出新安螺旋隧道火灾时烟气流动及温度分布规律,临界风速为4.2m/s。给出小半径螺旋隧道关于曲率、坡度的火灾临界风速理论模型,对以后的小半径螺旋隧道设计及其火灾通风规范的编写提供指导。
With the development of China's tunnel, the radius of curvature of the tunnel is more and more small, the height difference is becoming bigger and bigger. Then the spiral tunnel came out. If happen fire and other emergencies, the spiral tunnel is different from the straight-line tunnel. In this paper, engineering background is Yunnan Province's the secondary road Xin'an spiral highway tunnel, which is from Shui Fu to Sui Jiang. Applying the large-eddy simulation to analyze curvature, slope and other factors which affect the critical fire wind speed of the small radius of spiral tunnel. The main contents are as follows.:
(1) Using the basic theories of computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, combustion and tunnel ventilation, and being in line with the spiral tunnel boundary conditions determine the numerical calculative control equations and the software FDS of numerical large eddy simulation, and establish the small radius spiral tunnel fire three-dimensional numerical model of the flue gas flow of different curvature, slope. According to the research status at home and abroad and Road Tunnel Ventilation Lighting design specifications to determine the size of the spiral tunnel's scale of fires and simulated conditions.
(2) According to the calculation of the different curvature curve tunnel model to analyze the law of the spread of smoke in the spiral tunnel under different radius of curvature and the effect of the different curvatures on the temperature distribution of the laws of the fire smoke. CO concentration and visibility to obtain critical wind speed under various curvatures and discuss the impact of the curvature.
(3) By the simulation of different slopes'spiral tunnels model FDS, knowing the critical wind speed of each slope of the small radius of spiral tunnel.3.5%Xin'an spiral tunnel is of1/250slope, critical wind speed of4.2m/s. analyzing the effect of different slopes of the spiral tunnel on the distribution of fire temperature, CO concentration, visibility and critical wind.
(4) Through the theoretical analysis of the simulation results to put forward theoretical models about curvature and slope of the spiral tunnel fire, and provide the basis for fire ventilation design of small radius spiral tunnel.
The results showed that:No slope curve tunnel, as the curvature increases the critical velocity reduces, the downhill spiral tunnel, as the slope increases, the critical wind speed increases. Through the analysis of the Xin'an spiral tunnel model to learn the law of distribution of its fire smoke flow and temperature, the critical wind speed of4.2m/s. Derived the curvature, slope of fire theoretical model of the critical wind speed of the small radius spiral tunnel intends to provide guidance to the design and the preparation of fire ventilation of the small radius of the spiral tunnel.
引文
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[3]何佳.小半径曲线隧道火灾事故通风数值模拟研究.中南大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[4]王峰.曲线公路隧道营运通风关键参数研究.西南交通大学博士论文,20'10
[5]钟品.阿尔卑斯山的地下惨剧-法国与意大利的勃朗峰公路隧道发生特大火灾[J].上海消防.1999(5)：34-35
[6]张扯道.公路隧道的火灾事故通风[J].现代隧道技术,2003(1)：34-43
[7]蒋树屏.关于猫狸岭隧道火灾的调查与启示[J].地下空间,2002,22(2)：34-35
[8]贾定夺,姬永兴.隧道火灾快速扑救方法研究[J].武警学院学报,2007(2)：19-21
[9]王永宏.隧道与火灾[J].消防技术与产品信息,2004(10)：10-13
[10]Carvel, R. O. and Marlair, G., "A history of fire incidents in tunnels". In The handbook of Tunnel Fire Safety (A. N. Beard and R. O. Carvel, Eds.),Thomas Telford Publishing,3-41, London, UK,2005.
[11]Anders Lonnermark. On the Characteristics of Fires in Tunnels. Doctoral Thesis of Lund University.2005.
[12]Andersen, T. and Paaske, B. J., Railroad and Metro Tunnel Accidents, Det Norske-Veritas(DNV),http://home.no.net/lotsberg/artiklar/andersen/en_-table_l.html.
[13]涂文轩.我国铁路隧道列车火灾简介.消防技术与产品信息1996,1：26-27.
[14]李颍臻.含救援站特长隧道火灾特性及烟气控制研究.西南交通大学博士论文,2010.
[15]Tarada F, Bopp R, Nyfeler S, et al. Ventilation and Risk Control of the Young Dong Rail Tunnel in Korea.1st International Conference on Major Tunnel and Infrastructure Projects. Taiwan:2000.
[16]Bettelini M. CFD for tunnel safety. Fluent user's meeting. Bingen,2001,9.
[17]谭锐.特长铁路隧道救援站火灾温度场特性研究：硕士学位论文.成都：西南交通大学,2012.
[18]韦良义.公路隧道火灾的模型实验及CFD模拟研究.华南理工大学论文,2010.
[19]王婉娣.长大公路隧道火灾通风三维数值模拟研究[D].成都：西南交通大学研究生学位论文,2001,p6-7
[20]彭伟,霍然,胡隆华,王浩波,杨瑞新,.隧道火灾的全尺寸实验.火灾科学,2006.
[21]Oka Y., Atkinson GT. Control of smoke flow in tunnel fires. Fire Safety Journal. 1995(25):305-22.
[22]Hitoshi Kurioka,Yasushi Oka,Hiroomi Satoh,Osami Sugawa.Fire properties in near field of square fire source withlongitudinal ventilation in tunnels[J].Fire Safety Journal,2003,38:319-340
[23]Wu Y., Bakar M.Z.A. Control of Smoke Flow in Tunnel Fires using longitudinal ventilation systems-a study of the critical velocity. Fire Safety Journal.2000(35):363-390.
[24]杨其新,门治国.秦岭终南山特长公路隧道火灾模型试验研究.广西交通科技.2003(3)：18-25.
[25]阎治国,杨其新.秦岭特长公路隧道火灾温度场分布试验研究.地下空间.2003(2)：191-195.
[26]王明年,杨其新,赵秋林,刘培硕.秦岭终南山特长公路隧道防灾方案研究.公路,2000(11)：87-91.
[27]王明年,杨其新,衷雪截,杨忠.公路隧道火灾温度场的分布规律研究.地下空间.2003(3)：317-323.
[28]付修华,杨其新,刘化冰.秦岭特长公路隧道防火安全体系的探讨.广西交通科技.2003(3)：26-30.
[29]曹智明,杨其新.秦岭隧道火灾模式下的通风组织试验方案研究.地下空间.2003(2)：196-199.
[30]Subway environmental design handbook, vol. II, Subway environmental simulation computer program, Version 4, Part 1, User's manual. DOT of USA,1997.
[31]Riess I, Bettelini M, Brandt R:Sprint-A Design Tool for Fire Ventilation,10th International symposium on aerodynamics and ventilation of vehicle tunnels. Boston,2000, pp.629-637.
[32]Ingo R and Marco B. The prediction of smoke propagation due to tunnel fires. ITC Conference on Tunnel Fires and Escape from Tunnels, Lyon,1999.
[33]冯炼.地铁环境控制系统的应用及其数值模拟软件[J].城市轨道交通研究.1999,2：37-39.
[34]STESS-地铁热环境分析软件.清华大学热能系.1996.
[35]Walter W J, Glenn P F, Richard D P, Paul A R. A Technical Reference for CFAST:An Engineering Tool for Estimating Fire and Smoke Transport. NIST TN 1431.Maryland,2003.
[36]Karlsson B., Quintiere J.G. Enclosure Fire Dynamics. Washington, CRC Press,2000.
[37]McGrattan K. Fire Dynamics Simulator (version 4)-Technical Reference Guide. NISTIR 1018. Maryland:NIST,2006:17-24.
[38]Hu L H, Huo R, Peng W, Chow W K, Yang R X. On the maximum smoke temperature under the ceiling in tunnel fires. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006(21): 650-655.
[39]田沛哲.二郎山半横向通风公路隧道的火灾控制研究.北京工业大学硕士论文.2002.
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