智能船舶交通管理系统关键技术的研究与应用
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摘要
VTS是一个在保障船舶交通安全、提高船舶航行效率和保护环境方面能发挥重要作用的岸基信息系统。航运业的快速发展及其对水上交通安全保障要求的不断提高,要求VTS具备更先进的技术手段和更完善的功能。而目前的VTS正面临着信息丰富但知识贫乏的困境。我们能够获得大量信息,但是没有成熟的技术方法对其进行分析,信息处理效率和信息利用率较低,这限制了VTS向更高级别的发展。本文主要进行了以下几个方面的工作：
提出了智能化VTS的核心功能是智能化船舶航行危险预测、船舶安全航行计划和船舶交通组织方案的智能决策。为了有效实现这些核心功能,构建了由GIS-T数据仓库、综合信息处理中心、智能决策支持系统、专家系统及各子系统之间的接口部分5个模块构成的智能化VTS综合信息平台。
提出了基于GIS-T的船舶交通管理系统体系结构。首先建立GIS-T数据库,分析电子海图ENC文件数据格式,提取ENC文件中的属性信息和矢量信息,经处理后分类存储至GIS-T数据库中,利用GIS-T强大的数据管理和空间分析能力,有效地改善了VTS空间数据管理复杂、查询速度慢、空间数据分析能力不足等缺点。
提出了一种基于模糊理论的船舶搁浅预警算法。首先分析搁浅致因,找出影响搁浅最重要的因素,建立各因素的隶属度函数并分配权重,在船舶动态信息更新时,从GIS-T数据库中提取对船舶安全航行构成威胁的危险元素,实时建立船舶与危险元素间的计算模型,用模糊理论综合评判模型计算船舶的搁浅危险度GRI, GRI可以实时准确地反映出船舶面临搁浅的危险程度,有效改善了VTS搁浅预警误警率、虚警率高的问题。
提出了一种基于遗传算法设计船舶避浅航线的算法。算法以航程最短和航线转向幅度角最小为目标,以避开搁浅危险区域和不偏离航道作为约束条件构造适应度函数。算法用时短,种群迭代次数少,能够迅速收敛至唯一解。相同背景条件下,采用不同航线转向点数求得的避浅航线,结论基本相同,严格符合避浅航线的设计规则,有效地提高了VTS助航服务的智能化水平。
提出了一种基于灰色理论自适应GM(1,1)模型并结合残差修正技术预测船舶流量的算法。首先产生原始序列与一次累加生成序列,建立微分方程确定原始数据模型值,经过精度检验和残差修正后确定预测值。预测值与真实值相似度较高,有效地提高VTS的交通组织服务效率。
VTS is a shore-based information system which is used to great effect in marine environment protection and traffic safeguard. As the rapid development of shipping business, VTS is required more advanced technology and more perfect function. For the moment, VTS can get a huge wealth of information but lacking of techniques to analyze them. The low utilization ratio of information limits greatly the development of VTS. This paper has solved the following respects:
Proposed VTS integration information platform which is composed of data warehouses、integration information processing centers、intelligence decision supporting system、expert system and the interface between subsystems. This effectively improves utilization ratio of information in VTS.
GIS-T is used in VTS. Firstly, the attribute information and vector information is abstracted from ENC file that was analyzed previously, and then stores into the GIS-T database. This effectively increases VTS capacity to manage and analyze spatial data and improves search speed inside the database with the aid of powerful ability of spatial data processing in GIS-T.
A novel approach is proposed for ship grounding prediction based on fuzzy theory comprehensive evaluating. Firstly, the most important factors caused grounding is determined, then defining appropriate membership functions and weights; Secondly, vector information of the dangerous elements are extracted from GIS-T database while the dynamic data of the ship is updating; Finally, a geometry model for the ship and dangerous area is established and calculates the grounding risk index (GRI) based on fuzzy theory vague comprehensive evaluating. The experimental results demonstrate that GRI can accurately reflect the grounding danger along one ship's instantaneous track and shows that is feasible and effective.
Proposed a novel method, using genetic algorithm search a new route and discusses its feasibility and validity. The fitness function conformed to the following requirements:short route length, less summed turning course, no grounding danger and being in the navigation channel. The results show that it cost less and it can accelerate the convergence of the population significantly to one solution. Only changed turning points number, the solutions are very approximate and meet the requirement of this design. It shows that the approach is effective and feasible.
Traffic information intelligence prediction technique is used in VTS to integrate GIS-T technique, and makes prediction of traffic data, so that the relevant departments can deploy strategy in advance. A new modeling method of self-adaption GM(1,1) is proposed to predict the traffic flow. The experimental results demonstrate that the prediction values are precision and it meet the demands of high reliability and instantaneity in VTS.
提出了智能化VTS的核心功能是智能化船舶航行危险预测、船舶安全航行计划和船舶交通组织方案的智能决策。为了有效实现这些核心功能,构建了由GIS-T数据仓库、综合信息处理中心、智能决策支持系统、专家系统及各子系统之间的接口部分5个模块构成的智能化VTS综合信息平台。
提出了基于GIS-T的船舶交通管理系统体系结构。首先建立GIS-T数据库,分析电子海图ENC文件数据格式,提取ENC文件中的属性信息和矢量信息,经处理后分类存储至GIS-T数据库中,利用GIS-T强大的数据管理和空间分析能力,有效地改善了VTS空间数据管理复杂、查询速度慢、空间数据分析能力不足等缺点。
提出了一种基于模糊理论的船舶搁浅预警算法。首先分析搁浅致因,找出影响搁浅最重要的因素,建立各因素的隶属度函数并分配权重,在船舶动态信息更新时,从GIS-T数据库中提取对船舶安全航行构成威胁的危险元素,实时建立船舶与危险元素间的计算模型,用模糊理论综合评判模型计算船舶的搁浅危险度GRI, GRI可以实时准确地反映出船舶面临搁浅的危险程度,有效改善了VTS搁浅预警误警率、虚警率高的问题。
提出了一种基于遗传算法设计船舶避浅航线的算法。算法以航程最短和航线转向幅度角最小为目标,以避开搁浅危险区域和不偏离航道作为约束条件构造适应度函数。算法用时短,种群迭代次数少,能够迅速收敛至唯一解。相同背景条件下,采用不同航线转向点数求得的避浅航线,结论基本相同,严格符合避浅航线的设计规则,有效地提高了VTS助航服务的智能化水平。
提出了一种基于灰色理论自适应GM(1,1)模型并结合残差修正技术预测船舶流量的算法。首先产生原始序列与一次累加生成序列,建立微分方程确定原始数据模型值,经过精度检验和残差修正后确定预测值。预测值与真实值相似度较高,有效地提高VTS的交通组织服务效率。
VTS is a shore-based information system which is used to great effect in marine environment protection and traffic safeguard. As the rapid development of shipping business, VTS is required more advanced technology and more perfect function. For the moment, VTS can get a huge wealth of information but lacking of techniques to analyze them. The low utilization ratio of information limits greatly the development of VTS. This paper has solved the following respects:
Proposed VTS integration information platform which is composed of data warehouses、integration information processing centers、intelligence decision supporting system、expert system and the interface between subsystems. This effectively improves utilization ratio of information in VTS.
GIS-T is used in VTS. Firstly, the attribute information and vector information is abstracted from ENC file that was analyzed previously, and then stores into the GIS-T database. This effectively increases VTS capacity to manage and analyze spatial data and improves search speed inside the database with the aid of powerful ability of spatial data processing in GIS-T.
A novel approach is proposed for ship grounding prediction based on fuzzy theory comprehensive evaluating. Firstly, the most important factors caused grounding is determined, then defining appropriate membership functions and weights; Secondly, vector information of the dangerous elements are extracted from GIS-T database while the dynamic data of the ship is updating; Finally, a geometry model for the ship and dangerous area is established and calculates the grounding risk index (GRI) based on fuzzy theory vague comprehensive evaluating. The experimental results demonstrate that GRI can accurately reflect the grounding danger along one ship's instantaneous track and shows that is feasible and effective.
Proposed a novel method, using genetic algorithm search a new route and discusses its feasibility and validity. The fitness function conformed to the following requirements:short route length, less summed turning course, no grounding danger and being in the navigation channel. The results show that it cost less and it can accelerate the convergence of the population significantly to one solution. Only changed turning points number, the solutions are very approximate and meet the requirement of this design. It shows that the approach is effective and feasible.
Traffic information intelligence prediction technique is used in VTS to integrate GIS-T technique, and makes prediction of traffic data, so that the relevant departments can deploy strategy in advance. A new modeling method of self-adaption GM(1,1) is proposed to predict the traffic flow. The experimental results demonstrate that the prediction values are precision and it meet the demands of high reliability and instantaneity in VTS.
引文
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