我国港口竞争力及其演化的理论与方法研究
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摘要
全球经济贸易的不断发展,导致有关港口之间的竞争空前激烈,已进入白热化状态。港口的竞争力不但对所在区域的整体竞争力有着巨大的影响,也对整个国家的竞争力有一定的影响。基于此目的,分析我国港口的竞争状况,为相关港口进一步的发展提供有益的咨询意见,这使得对我国港口竞争力及其演化的研究迫在眉睫。
目前对港口竞争力及其演化的研究还存在很多空白和欠缺,主要还停留在状态的研究,尚未有动态的研究,本文主要从港口发展的角度对港口竞争力及其演化问题展开了研究,主要内容有:
论文第二章从港口竞争的经济学特征入手,对港口行业的五种竞争力量进行了分析,明确界定了港口竞争力理论内涵,并提出港口竞争力的动态循环理论,给出港口竞争力动态循环的一般模型,作为全文研究的理论框架。第三章提出港口竞争力系统由港口资源、港口结构和港口能力三个子系统构成,并分析了其作用机理。第四章构建了我国港口竞争力的综合评价指标体系,该指标体系既充分考虑了港口当前的发展水平,又将港口发展潜力纳入其中,是对港口竞争力的动态的、全面的反映。并运用动态集对贴近度分析对港口竞争力进行评价。第五章对港口的可持续竞争力进行了分析,结合港口可持续竞争力的系统特征,构建了港口可持续竞争力的“发展度-持续度”二维分析模型,用于分析港口在各时期维持其长久的、持续的竞争力的能力。第六章将自组织理论引入到港口竞争力的演化研究,分析了港口竞争力系统演化的自组织特性及自组织过程。在上述分析的基础上构建了港口竞争力系统协同度评价模型。第七章选取天津港作为评价对象,对天津港竞争力系统的协同性进行了评价,进而对港口竞争力水平和可持续竞争力状况进行了评价分析,根据评价结果,指出天津港目前面临的挑战与不足,提出了只有三个维度的协同提升才能使港口竞争力得以迅速提高,最后针对天津港目前存在的问题给出一些对策与建议。
Along with the development of global trade, competition between ports is getting increasingly violent, which has now reached a perfervid state. Therefore, a port in our country is facing unprecedented pressure. Not only does port competence play an extremely key role in the regional competence, but also influences the national competence deeply. For the purpose of analyzing the conditions of competition between ports in China and providing rewarding consultant suggestions that may help those ports concerned develop further, the research of port competence and its evolution has been conducted in this paper.
At the moment, there are still a lot of gaps and shortcomings in the field of the research of port competence and its evolution. With regard to the present situation that attaches more importance to the static state analysis and lacks systematic dynamic studies, much more time and energies have been devoted to port competence and its evolution from the perspective of the development of ports. The main contents are as follows:
Beginning with the economical character of port competition, the paper firstly analyses five competitive forces of port industry, and gives a new connotation of port competence, then dynamic circular theory of port competence and the general model are put forward. This is the theoretical framework for the whole thesis. Through extensive reading combined with the consultant expertise, this dissertation analyzes in detail the makeup of port competence system which comprises resource、structure and capacity sub-systems and their mechanism are revealed respectively. Combined with the traits of Chinese ports, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed, which is a dynamic and all-round reflection for port competence with the consideration of both current level and potential. The evaluation of port competence is a very complex macro-system, so this paper has adopted the SPA similarity approach for evaluation. The present SPA similarity model still has some weakness and for this reason, some improvements have been made accordingly. The fifth chapter mainly deals with port sustainable competence, a two-dimension evaluation model is established to scale a port’s development level and potential. Chapter 6 studies the characteristics, qualification, process of self-organization and path dependence of port competence’s evolution. And this chapter also constructs a model, which provides facilities to evaluate the synergetic degree between the three sub-systems. The seventh chapter of this paper applies what has been investigated above to Tianjin port. The other eight coastal ports are chosen for the sake of the comparative studies as to their abilities to compete. Challenges and shortcomings are pointed out for Tianjin port after the evaluation of synergetic degree between three sub-systems, port competence scores and port sustainable competence analysis. Only with the three dimensional synergetic upgrade can port competence be advanced quickly. At last, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions aimed at raising port competence are offered.
目前对港口竞争力及其演化的研究还存在很多空白和欠缺,主要还停留在状态的研究,尚未有动态的研究,本文主要从港口发展的角度对港口竞争力及其演化问题展开了研究,主要内容有:
论文第二章从港口竞争的经济学特征入手,对港口行业的五种竞争力量进行了分析,明确界定了港口竞争力理论内涵,并提出港口竞争力的动态循环理论,给出港口竞争力动态循环的一般模型,作为全文研究的理论框架。第三章提出港口竞争力系统由港口资源、港口结构和港口能力三个子系统构成,并分析了其作用机理。第四章构建了我国港口竞争力的综合评价指标体系,该指标体系既充分考虑了港口当前的发展水平,又将港口发展潜力纳入其中,是对港口竞争力的动态的、全面的反映。并运用动态集对贴近度分析对港口竞争力进行评价。第五章对港口的可持续竞争力进行了分析,结合港口可持续竞争力的系统特征,构建了港口可持续竞争力的“发展度-持续度”二维分析模型,用于分析港口在各时期维持其长久的、持续的竞争力的能力。第六章将自组织理论引入到港口竞争力的演化研究,分析了港口竞争力系统演化的自组织特性及自组织过程。在上述分析的基础上构建了港口竞争力系统协同度评价模型。第七章选取天津港作为评价对象,对天津港竞争力系统的协同性进行了评价,进而对港口竞争力水平和可持续竞争力状况进行了评价分析,根据评价结果,指出天津港目前面临的挑战与不足,提出了只有三个维度的协同提升才能使港口竞争力得以迅速提高,最后针对天津港目前存在的问题给出一些对策与建议。
Along with the development of global trade, competition between ports is getting increasingly violent, which has now reached a perfervid state. Therefore, a port in our country is facing unprecedented pressure. Not only does port competence play an extremely key role in the regional competence, but also influences the national competence deeply. For the purpose of analyzing the conditions of competition between ports in China and providing rewarding consultant suggestions that may help those ports concerned develop further, the research of port competence and its evolution has been conducted in this paper.
At the moment, there are still a lot of gaps and shortcomings in the field of the research of port competence and its evolution. With regard to the present situation that attaches more importance to the static state analysis and lacks systematic dynamic studies, much more time and energies have been devoted to port competence and its evolution from the perspective of the development of ports. The main contents are as follows:
Beginning with the economical character of port competition, the paper firstly analyses five competitive forces of port industry, and gives a new connotation of port competence, then dynamic circular theory of port competence and the general model are put forward. This is the theoretical framework for the whole thesis. Through extensive reading combined with the consultant expertise, this dissertation analyzes in detail the makeup of port competence system which comprises resource、structure and capacity sub-systems and their mechanism are revealed respectively. Combined with the traits of Chinese ports, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed, which is a dynamic and all-round reflection for port competence with the consideration of both current level and potential. The evaluation of port competence is a very complex macro-system, so this paper has adopted the SPA similarity approach for evaluation. The present SPA similarity model still has some weakness and for this reason, some improvements have been made accordingly. The fifth chapter mainly deals with port sustainable competence, a two-dimension evaluation model is established to scale a port’s development level and potential. Chapter 6 studies the characteristics, qualification, process of self-organization and path dependence of port competence’s evolution. And this chapter also constructs a model, which provides facilities to evaluate the synergetic degree between the three sub-systems. The seventh chapter of this paper applies what has been investigated above to Tianjin port. The other eight coastal ports are chosen for the sake of the comparative studies as to their abilities to compete. Challenges and shortcomings are pointed out for Tianjin port after the evaluation of synergetic degree between three sub-systems, port competence scores and port sustainable competence analysis. Only with the three dimensional synergetic upgrade can port competence be advanced quickly. At last, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions aimed at raising port competence are offered.
引文
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