新型多路输出高压隔离电源及其在固态短路限流器中的应用
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摘要
本文讨论的是一种新型多输出隔离电源在固态短路限流器中的应用。
在总结电力电子技术在电力系统中的一个重要应用——短路限流器的基础上，着重介绍了固态短路限流器的分类与发展。根据新型固态短路限流器驱动要求的特殊性和重要性，引出了论文的研究方向。研究工作结合新型固态短路限流器样机的开发进行。
基于专利技术，开发了一种新型的用于固态短路限流器中晶闸管驱动的多输出隔离电源。设计电源的输出路数足以用来驱动所有使用在固态限流器中的晶闸管。使用超高压绝缘的电缆线作为所有输出变压器单匝的原边绕组，电源输出之间的隔离电压可以达到相当高的等级。根据固态限流器中的晶闸管的实际需要电源输出级的路数和安装位置可以很容易地改变。
新型多输出隔离电源的开发，保证了400V/300A、最大短路限流1500A的实验室样机的研制完成。改进后的新型电源更满足了目前正在研制的10kV/1000A、最大短路限流6000A的工业性试验样机对电源的所有要求。
相对于用其他方式研制的具有相同输出路数、相同功率、相同隔离电压的电源，新型电源具有体积小、重量轻、效率高、可靠性强、价格低等显著优点。使用在大功率的装置中，新型电源也可以很好地适应那些具有大量功率电子器件的如多用途的大型电机驱动系统的需要。
This paper presents a new kind of power supply with isolated and multiple outputs, which may be applied to the solid state fault current limiter.
On the basis of the summarizing important applications of Power Electronics in Power System such as the fault current limiter, the paper especially introduces sorting and development of the solid state fault current limiter. The requirements regarding driving unit are introduced in the paper, according to its particularity and importance on the novel solid state fault current limiter.
Based on a Chinese Patent, a novel power supply with multiple isolated outputs for driving of thyristors used in the solid state fault current limiter is developed here. The number of outputs of the proposed power supply is great enough for driving of all the thyristors used in the limiter. It is only using one high voltage cable to serve as the common one-turn primary winding for all the output transformers. In addition, the isolation voltage level for the transformers can be made very high. Their number and site can be changed very easily to meet the requirements on thyristors in the limiter.
The successful development of this novel Power supply is to ensure the complete of the experimental prototype with the rated value of 400V/300A and the maximum short circuit current of 1500A. The improved novel power supply effectively fulfils all requirements provided by the currently-investigated and industrial-test prototype with the rated value of 10kV/lkA and the maximum short circuit current of 6kA.
Compared with a power supply made in other ways with the same capacity, the same number of outputs and the same isolation voltage, the power supply discussed in this paper has the advantages of small in size, light in weight, high efficiency and reliability, low cost and so on. The proposed power supply is also well suitable for use in high power application such as electric utility and large motor drive systems where a great number of power electronic devices are involved.
在总结电力电子技术在电力系统中的一个重要应用——短路限流器的基础上，着重介绍了固态短路限流器的分类与发展。根据新型固态短路限流器驱动要求的特殊性和重要性，引出了论文的研究方向。研究工作结合新型固态短路限流器样机的开发进行。
基于专利技术，开发了一种新型的用于固态短路限流器中晶闸管驱动的多输出隔离电源。设计电源的输出路数足以用来驱动所有使用在固态限流器中的晶闸管。使用超高压绝缘的电缆线作为所有输出变压器单匝的原边绕组，电源输出之间的隔离电压可以达到相当高的等级。根据固态限流器中的晶闸管的实际需要电源输出级的路数和安装位置可以很容易地改变。
新型多输出隔离电源的开发，保证了400V/300A、最大短路限流1500A的实验室样机的研制完成。改进后的新型电源更满足了目前正在研制的10kV/1000A、最大短路限流6000A的工业性试验样机对电源的所有要求。
相对于用其他方式研制的具有相同输出路数、相同功率、相同隔离电压的电源，新型电源具有体积小、重量轻、效率高、可靠性强、价格低等显著优点。使用在大功率的装置中，新型电源也可以很好地适应那些具有大量功率电子器件的如多用途的大型电机驱动系统的需要。
This paper presents a new kind of power supply with isolated and multiple outputs, which may be applied to the solid state fault current limiter.
On the basis of the summarizing important applications of Power Electronics in Power System such as the fault current limiter, the paper especially introduces sorting and development of the solid state fault current limiter. The requirements regarding driving unit are introduced in the paper, according to its particularity and importance on the novel solid state fault current limiter.
Based on a Chinese Patent, a novel power supply with multiple isolated outputs for driving of thyristors used in the solid state fault current limiter is developed here. The number of outputs of the proposed power supply is great enough for driving of all the thyristors used in the limiter. It is only using one high voltage cable to serve as the common one-turn primary winding for all the output transformers. In addition, the isolation voltage level for the transformers can be made very high. Their number and site can be changed very easily to meet the requirements on thyristors in the limiter.
The successful development of this novel Power supply is to ensure the complete of the experimental prototype with the rated value of 400V/300A and the maximum short circuit current of 1500A. The improved novel power supply effectively fulfils all requirements provided by the currently-investigated and industrial-test prototype with the rated value of 10kV/lkA and the maximum short circuit current of 6kA.
Compared with a power supply made in other ways with the same capacity, the same number of outputs and the same isolation voltage, the power supply discussed in this paper has the advantages of small in size, light in weight, high efficiency and reliability, low cost and so on. The proposed power supply is also well suitable for use in high power application such as electric utility and large motor drive systems where a great number of power electronic devices are involved.
引文
[1] 霍利民，石新春，电力系统中的电力电子技术和谐波治理，电工技术杂志，2002(1)．-5-6
[2] 何大愚，柔性交流输电技术和用户电力技术的新进展，电力系统自动化，1999(6)
[3] K. Chan, A. Kara, G. Kieboom, "Power quality improvement with solid state transfer switches" 8th International Conference On Harmonics and Quality of Power Vol. 1, pp210-215, 1998
[4] M. Noe, B.R. Oswald, "Technical and Economical Benefits of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters in Power Systems ", IEEE Transactions on Power Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp1347-1350, June 1999
[5] 谌平平，新型固态故障限流器技术及其在电力系统中的应用研究，博士学位论文，2000
[6] 陈德桂，“低压断路器中的限流新技术”，低压电器，No．1，pp12-17，1990
[7] 关玉忱，“高压限流熔断器熔断故障及防治”，中国电力，pp72-74，1995年第3期
[8] Jφrgen. Skindhφj et al, "Repetitive Current Limiter based on Polymer PTC Resistor", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp489-494, April 1998
[9] Lee T.H., et al, "Static Power Circuit Breakers-a Tool for the Future", Proceedings of the American Power Conference, Vol. 33, pp999-i005, 1971
[10] A.M.S. Atmadji, et al, "Hybrid switching: a review of current literature", Proceedings of EMPD98, Vol. 2 , pp683-688 1998
[11] 陈寄炎，陈仲铭，“无损耗电阻器式短路电流限制器”，电力系统自动化，Vol．22，No．4， pp27-32，1998
[12] B. K. Smith, et al, "Solid State Distribution Current Limiter and Circuit Breaker: Application Requirements and Control Strategies", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp1155-1164, July 1993
[13] 吴兆麟，一种短路保护电路，专利号ZL96123001．0，1999-10-30
[14] 谌平平，谭凌云，桥式固态限流器的分析和设计，电力电子技术．2000，34(1)．-7-9，33
[15] 吴兆麟，沈琦，具有短路限流保护的固态开关，浙江大学学报(工学版)．1999，
33(4)．-349-353
[16] 吴兆麟，短路限流式二相变压器，专利号ZL00206596．7，2000-3-21
[17] 费万民，吕征宇等，二相接地系统短路故障限流器及其控制策略，电力系统自动化．2002，26(8)．-33-37
[18] 谭凌云，吴兆麟，一种配电网用固态三相短路限流器的研究，浙江大学学报：工学版．2002，36(1)．-101-104，108
[19] 谭凌云，吴兆麟，桥式固态短路限流器在电网中的应用研究，电力系统自动化．2000，24(18)．-41-44
[20] Woodley, N., et al, "Solid-state 13-kV distribution class circuit breaker: planning, development and demonstration", Fourth International Conference on Trends in Distribution Switchgear, pp163-167, 1994
[21] A.K. Khargekar, et al, "A novel scheme for protection of power semiconductor devices against short circuit faults", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp344-351, June 1994
[22] 郑颖楠，王炎等，“三相可逆变流器电流冲击现象的分析”，电力电子技术，Vol．33，No．3，1999年
[23] Salama, M.M.A, "Fault-current limiter with thyristor-controlled impedance", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8 No. 3 , pp1518-1528, July 1993
[24] Taylor. Moore, "Custom Power Optimizing Distribution Services", EPRI Journal, pp7-15, May 1996
[25] T. Ueda, et al, "Solid-State Current Limiter for Power Distribution System", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 4, October 1993
[26] King, E. F., et al "A microprocessor-controlled variable impedance adaptive fault current limiter", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 5, 4, pp1830-1838 October 1990
[27] Tenorio, A.R.M.,et al, "Voltage sag mitigation by means of thyristor controlled series capacitors", Harmonics and Quality of Power Proceedings, vol. 1, pp572-576, 1998
[28] A.J. Power," An overview of transmission fault current limiters", Fault Current Limiters-i Look at Tomorrow, IEE Colloquium, pp1/1 -1/5, 1995
[29] Renz, K., et al.,"Thyristor control for fault current limitation",IEE Colloquium on Fault Current Limiters-A Look at Tomorrow, pp3/1 -3/4, 1995
[30] S. Sugimoto, "Principle and Characteristics of a Fault current limiter with Series Compensation", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp842-847, April 1996
[31] 郑敏，李兴源，“具有串联补偿作用的新型故障限流器的拓扑结构和仿真”，中国电机工程学报，Vol．19，No．6，pp52-55，June 1999
[32] 吕征宇，江道灼，吴兆麟，用于电力电子装置的多输出隔离电源，专利号ZL 01145559．4
[33] 叶林，林良真，“超导故障限流器的电力应用进展”，电力系统自动化，Vol．23，No．7，pp53-57，1999
[34] 田广青，电力电子技术及其在电力系统中的应用，黑龙江电力技术．1994，16(6)．-374-377
[35] 张建诚，陈志业，现代电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用，电力情报．1999(3)．-1-3
[36] 瞿文龙，飞速发展的电力电子技术，中国集成电路．2003(49)．-1-4，10
[37] 赵良炳，马维新，现代电力电子学及其在电力系统中的应用(九)：第四讲 提高电力电子装置的可靠性，电网技术．1995，19(8)．-66-69
[38] Dusan M. Raonic, "SCR Self-Supplied Gate Driver for Medium-Voltage Application with Capacitor as Storage Element", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Volume 36, No.1, January/February 2000: Page(s): 212-216
[39] LiuChen Chang, "Development of a Driver Board Power Supply for High Power IGBTs Used in Three Phase Inverter", IEEE AES Systems Magazine, August 1996 Pages: 24-28
[40] Lothar Heinemann, Jochen Mast, Guntram Scheible et al, "Power Supply for Very High Insulation Requirements in IGBT Gate-Drivers", The 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting, Volume: 2, 1998, Page(s):1562-1566
[41] 杨杰，29kV高压晶闸管阀触发系统隔离技术和晶闸管过电压保护方法，机车电传动．2000(2)．-23-26
[42] 窦弟，赵隆冬，一种高性能多路输出DC／DC变换器的研制，混合微电子技术．1998，9(3)．-37-41，
[43] 甘久超，谢运祥，DC／DC变换器的多路输出技术综述，电工技术杂志．2002(4)．-1-4
[44] 李小锋，150W高性能多路输出开关电源研制，西部电子．1995，6(4)．-29-31，59
[45] 丁香，耐高压隔离电源变压器设计，电子变压器技术．1992(2)．-13-16
[46] Lothar Heinemann, Jochen Mast, Guntram Scheible et al, "Power Supply for Very High Insulation Requirements in IGBT Gate-Drivers", The 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting, Volume: 2, 1998, Page(s): 1562-1566
[47] S.C. Tang, S.Y.R. Hui, H. Chung, "Anaturally soft-switched high-frequency gate drive circuit for power MOSFETs/IGBTs", Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1999. PEDS' 99. Proceedings of the IEEE 1999 International Conference on, Volume: 1, 1999 Page(s): 246-252 vol. 1
[48] Dejan Vasic, Francois Costa, Emmanuel Sarraute, "A new MOSFET&IGBT gate drive insulated by a piezoelectric transformer Power Electronics Specialists Conference", 2001. PESC. 2001 IEEE 32nd Annual, Volume: 3, 2001 Page(s): 1479-1484 vol. 3
[49] 陈卫昀，严仰光，分布式电源，电力电子技术．1999，33(2)．-82-85
[50] 钱照明，董伯藩，电力电子技术及其应用的最新发展(二)，中国电机工程学报．1998，18(3)．-153-159，162
[51] 黄河，车育生，相移谐振控制器UC3875及其应用，移动电源与车辆．2001(1)．-15-18
[52] 张友军，陈道炼，UC3875在正弦脉位调制高频交流环节逆变器中的应用研究，南京航空航天大学210016南京航空航天大学210016
[53] 鞠志忠，任稷林，一种电流型DC／Dc变换器的研制，通信电源技术．2001(1)．-12-13
[54] 王广彦，裴茂景，用1.5MHz电流型PWM控制器组成的50W DC／DC变换器，国外电子元器件．1995(4)．-30-40
[2] 何大愚，柔性交流输电技术和用户电力技术的新进展，电力系统自动化，1999(6)
[3] K. Chan, A. Kara, G. Kieboom, "Power quality improvement with solid state transfer switches" 8th International Conference On Harmonics and Quality of Power Vol. 1, pp210-215, 1998
[4] M. Noe, B.R. Oswald, "Technical and Economical Benefits of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters in Power Systems ", IEEE Transactions on Power Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp1347-1350, June 1999
[5] 谌平平，新型固态故障限流器技术及其在电力系统中的应用研究，博士学位论文，2000
[6] 陈德桂，“低压断路器中的限流新技术”，低压电器，No．1，pp12-17，1990
[7] 关玉忱，“高压限流熔断器熔断故障及防治”，中国电力，pp72-74，1995年第3期
[8] Jφrgen. Skindhφj et al, "Repetitive Current Limiter based on Polymer PTC Resistor", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp489-494, April 1998
[9] Lee T.H., et al, "Static Power Circuit Breakers-a Tool for the Future", Proceedings of the American Power Conference, Vol. 33, pp999-i005, 1971
[10] A.M.S. Atmadji, et al, "Hybrid switching: a review of current literature", Proceedings of EMPD98, Vol. 2 , pp683-688 1998
[11] 陈寄炎，陈仲铭，“无损耗电阻器式短路电流限制器”，电力系统自动化，Vol．22，No．4， pp27-32，1998
[12] B. K. Smith, et al, "Solid State Distribution Current Limiter and Circuit Breaker: Application Requirements and Control Strategies", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp1155-1164, July 1993
[13] 吴兆麟，一种短路保护电路，专利号ZL96123001．0，1999-10-30
[14] 谌平平，谭凌云，桥式固态限流器的分析和设计，电力电子技术．2000，34(1)．-7-9，33
[15] 吴兆麟，沈琦，具有短路限流保护的固态开关，浙江大学学报(工学版)．1999，
33(4)．-349-353
[16] 吴兆麟，短路限流式二相变压器，专利号ZL00206596．7，2000-3-21
[17] 费万民，吕征宇等，二相接地系统短路故障限流器及其控制策略，电力系统自动化．2002，26(8)．-33-37
[18] 谭凌云，吴兆麟，一种配电网用固态三相短路限流器的研究，浙江大学学报：工学版．2002，36(1)．-101-104，108
[19] 谭凌云，吴兆麟，桥式固态短路限流器在电网中的应用研究，电力系统自动化．2000，24(18)．-41-44
[20] Woodley, N., et al, "Solid-state 13-kV distribution class circuit breaker: planning, development and demonstration", Fourth International Conference on Trends in Distribution Switchgear, pp163-167, 1994
[21] A.K. Khargekar, et al, "A novel scheme for protection of power semiconductor devices against short circuit faults", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp344-351, June 1994
[22] 郑颖楠，王炎等，“三相可逆变流器电流冲击现象的分析”，电力电子技术，Vol．33，No．3，1999年
[23] Salama, M.M.A, "Fault-current limiter with thyristor-controlled impedance", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8 No. 3 , pp1518-1528, July 1993
[24] Taylor. Moore, "Custom Power Optimizing Distribution Services", EPRI Journal, pp7-15, May 1996
[25] T. Ueda, et al, "Solid-State Current Limiter for Power Distribution System", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, No. 4, October 1993
[26] King, E. F., et al "A microprocessor-controlled variable impedance adaptive fault current limiter", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 5, 4, pp1830-1838 October 1990
[27] Tenorio, A.R.M.,et al, "Voltage sag mitigation by means of thyristor controlled series capacitors", Harmonics and Quality of Power Proceedings, vol. 1, pp572-576, 1998
[28] A.J. Power," An overview of transmission fault current limiters", Fault Current Limiters-i Look at Tomorrow, IEE Colloquium, pp1/1 -1/5, 1995
[29] Renz, K., et al.,"Thyristor control for fault current limitation",IEE Colloquium on Fault Current Limiters-A Look at Tomorrow, pp3/1 -3/4, 1995
[30] S. Sugimoto, "Principle and Characteristics of a Fault current limiter with Series Compensation", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp842-847, April 1996
[31] 郑敏，李兴源，“具有串联补偿作用的新型故障限流器的拓扑结构和仿真”，中国电机工程学报，Vol．19，No．6，pp52-55，June 1999
[32] 吕征宇，江道灼，吴兆麟，用于电力电子装置的多输出隔离电源，专利号ZL 01145559．4
[33] 叶林，林良真，“超导故障限流器的电力应用进展”，电力系统自动化，Vol．23，No．7，pp53-57，1999
[34] 田广青，电力电子技术及其在电力系统中的应用，黑龙江电力技术．1994，16(6)．-374-377
[35] 张建诚，陈志业，现代电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用，电力情报．1999(3)．-1-3
[36] 瞿文龙，飞速发展的电力电子技术，中国集成电路．2003(49)．-1-4，10
[37] 赵良炳，马维新，现代电力电子学及其在电力系统中的应用(九)：第四讲 提高电力电子装置的可靠性，电网技术．1995，19(8)．-66-69
[38] Dusan M. Raonic, "SCR Self-Supplied Gate Driver for Medium-Voltage Application with Capacitor as Storage Element", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Volume 36, No.1, January/February 2000: Page(s): 212-216
[39] LiuChen Chang, "Development of a Driver Board Power Supply for High Power IGBTs Used in Three Phase Inverter", IEEE AES Systems Magazine, August 1996 Pages: 24-28
[40] Lothar Heinemann, Jochen Mast, Guntram Scheible et al, "Power Supply for Very High Insulation Requirements in IGBT Gate-Drivers", The 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting, Volume: 2, 1998, Page(s):1562-1566
[41] 杨杰，29kV高压晶闸管阀触发系统隔离技术和晶闸管过电压保护方法，机车电传动．2000(2)．-23-26
[42] 窦弟，赵隆冬，一种高性能多路输出DC／DC变换器的研制，混合微电子技术．1998，9(3)．-37-41，
[43] 甘久超，谢运祥，DC／DC变换器的多路输出技术综述，电工技术杂志．2002(4)．-1-4
[44] 李小锋，150W高性能多路输出开关电源研制，西部电子．1995，6(4)．-29-31，59
[45] 丁香，耐高压隔离电源变压器设计，电子变压器技术．1992(2)．-13-16
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